What is the main content of the text "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat"?
Text reading
Knowledge points
Textbook analysis:
This text is based on the famous Chinese classical historical novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" A rewrite of the plot about "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat". The story of Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat happened in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan each occupied one country, which was called the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu, and Wu. At that time, Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan, so Liu Bei and Sun Quan united to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan to help him fight. The story of Zhuge Liang's "borrowing arrows from a straw boat" happened when Sun and Liu jointly resisted Cao Cao. The text states that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100,000 arrows within ten days to frame him. Zhuge Liang competed with Zhou Yu and used a clever plan to "borrow arrows" from Cao Cao, thwarting Zhou Yu's plot, which showed that Zhuge Liang was courageous, knowledgeable and talented.
The text structure is rigorous. The story takes "borrowing" as the main line and is narrated in the order of the development of events. First, I wrote the reason why the straw boat borrowed arrows; then I wrote about Zhuge Liang's preparations for borrowing arrows from the straw boat; then I focused on writing the process of borrowing arrows from the straw boat; and finally I wrote the outcome of the matter - Zhuge Liang delivered the arrows as scheduled, and Zhou Yu felt inferior. . The origin, process, and result of the story are clearly described. Many contents in the article also echo back and forth, for example, the ending echoes the beginning. Such a rigorous structure greatly enhances the integrity and rigor of the story.
The full name of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms". It is a long historical novel written by Luo Guanzhong of the Ming Dynasty. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the first chapter-length novel in ancient China. It is one of the four great classics in ancient China, as famous as "Journey to the West", "Water Margin" and "A Dream of Red Mansions".
About the author:
Luo Guanzhong (about 1330-about 1400), whose name is Guanzhong, also known as Huhai Sanren, was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and was a novelist in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Luo Guanzhong is the originator of Zhanghui novels in my country. His main work is "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Other works: "The Chronicles of the Sui and Tang Dynasties", "The Romance of the End of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties", "The Story of Three Sui Ping Yao" and "The Complete Story of Water Margin".
Introduction to the characters in the book:
Zhuge Liang (181-234), courtesy name Kongming, nickname Wolong, was born in Yangdu, Langya, Xuzhou (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong), and was a member of the Shu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. Prime Minister, an outstanding politician and military strategist.
Work introduction: (click the link below)
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" knowledge list and reading test!
I can write:
Jealousy: jealous, jealous, envious, envious, jealous, virtuous, jealous of ability
Jealous: jealous, jealous, scrupulous, unscrupulous
Cao: surnamed Cao Nan Cao Tian Cao Cao Guan
Du: Supervise, supervise, supervise and supervise the war
Committee: Delegate, entrust, tactfully and submissively seek perfection
Punishment: Punish harshly, punish punishment, and avoid past mistakes
< p>Lu: reckless, Qilu, Lu cuisine is rudeZhe: cover, cover, cover, cover, cover, cover people's eyes and ears
Self: private, selfish, selfless, public and private are clear
Zhai: water village cottage Set up camp in the village
Lei: beat the drums, brag, brag and brag
Na: shout, chant and suona, shout and cheer
insert: plant rice, plant flowers, join the team and interrupt
Similar words:
jealousy (jealousy) protect (protection) commission (entrust) Ji (season)
punishment (punishment) expedition (campation) selfishness (selfishness) and (peace)
Zhai (Water Village) Sai (Competition) Na (Shout) Na (Accept)
Polyphonetic words:
Tune: diào tone tiáo adjustment
Lei: léi Leigu lèi Arena
Synonyms:
Jealousy - jealousy discussion - discussion
Reject - refuse entrustment - entrust
expect - estimate urgent - urgent
punishment - punishment command - exhort
delay - procrastination doubt - confusion
Antonyms:
Reject - accept punishment - reward
Complete - shortage secret - public
Understand the words:
Jealousy is a feeling of resentment toward someone who is superior to oneself in terms of talent, reputation, status, or circumstances.
To refuse; to decline.
Entrust a person or organization to handle it on your behalf.
Delay; delay.
Feathers.
Doubtful, doubtful and confused.
Scheduling management and arrangements (work, manpower, vehicles, etc.).
Virtual and real virtual and real generally refer to the actual situation or internal situation.
Support uses manpower, material resources, financial resources or other practical actions to support and assist.
Crossbowmen were soldiers responsible for archery in the ancient army. Crossbow: A bow that uses mechanical power to shoot arrows.
Military order is a letter of guarantee written after accepting a military order as mentioned in operas and old novels, indicating that if one cannot complete the task, he is willing to be punished according to military law.
Astonishing wit, ingenious planning, and foresight, good at estimating objective situations and deciding strategies.
Word expansion:
An idiom from "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms":
The straw boat borrowed an arrow and visited the thatched cottage three times to look at each other with admiration
Going to a meeting alone like a fish in water to chat with the Confucian scholars
Devoting oneself to one's duty and being happy without thinking about Amon under Shu Wu
Belittle oneself
Words in the lesson:
Jealousy and military commissions as expected
Emergency punishment, snooping and private arrangements
Scheduling water forts to shout military orders
Magical plan
Sentence analysis:
1. Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang .
The text gets straight to the point and explains the origin of the story. To summarize, Zhuge Liang is quite talented and Zhou Yu is jealous of Zhuge Liang. "Jealousy" is the cause of the conflict between Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, paving the way for the unfolding of the story.
2. One day, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to discuss military affairs and said: "We are about to fight Cao Jun. In a water battle, what weapon is best?" Zhuge Liang said: "Bows and arrows are best."
p>
This is a trap set by Zhou Yu. He secretly set up a trap to harm people. He knowingly asked and intended to harm Zhuge Liang, which showed his sinister intentions. Zhuge Liang's concise answer showed that he was confident. < /p>
4. On the first day, no movement was seen from Zhuge Liang; on the second day, there was still no movement from Zhuge Liang; until the fourth watch on the third day, Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su into the boat.
The sentence structure of parallelism is used here, and the tone is strong, which exaggerates the tension of the story. The situation was so urgent, Zhuge Liang showed extraordinary calmness and calmness, which highlighted Zhuge Liang's uncanny calculation and extraordinary wisdom.
5. At this time, the sky was filled with heavy fog, and people on the river could not even see each other clearly.
This environmental description highlights the heavy fog on the river, and its function is to promote the development of the storyline. Zhuge Liang's choice of such weather shows that he is proficient in astronomy and meteorology and his predictions are accurate. Only in this kind of weather would the suspicious Cao Cao not be able to see the real situation clearly and dare not send troops easily. He would only let the crossbowmen shoot arrows. This was one of the conditions for the success of borrowing arrows.
6. At the fifth watch, the boat was approaching Cao Jun’s water stronghold. Zhuge Liang ordered the bow of the ship to face west and the stern to face east. He also ordered the sergeants on the ship to beat drums and shout at the same time.
"One word spread" not only facilitates movement, but also leaves no space, which increases the area where arrows are received. The sergeant "beating the drum and shouting" was not only to bluff, create the illusion of attack, attract the attention of Cao Cao's army, and lead Cao Cao's army to shoot arrows, but also to let Cao Jun know the target and direction of the arrow. These all show Zhuge Liang's careful thinking and clever arrangements.
7. Lu Su said in surprise: "What will happen if Cao Cao's troops come out?" Zhuge Liang smiled and said: "The fog is so thick, Cao Cao will not dare to send troops out. We just drink and have fun, and the fog has cleared." Just go back."
Language description expresses the different characteristics of different characters. Lu Su was shocked and feared that Cao Jun would attack, but Zhuge Liang was calm and confident.
Zhuge Liang's chattering and calmness were in sharp contrast to Lu Su's surprise. Because he was well aware of Cao Cao's suspicious nature and cautious military tactics. In the case of "clearly seeing the truth and reality", we will not "take action easily". Zhuge Liang laughed,
Laughing at Cao Cao for not daring to send troops (a victorious smile), at Zhou Yu for not overestimating his abilities (a victorious smile), and at Lu Su for his loyalty and honesty (a humorous, generous smile). From Zhuge Liang's smile, we can understand his calmness, confidence, tolerance and generosity. This smile showed his confidence, his strategizing, his clever calculations, and his heroic nature.
8. Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned around again, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. Still beating drums and shouting, he approached Cao Jun's water stronghold to receive arrows.
Zhuge Liang ordered the boat to be turned around in order to receive arrows from both sides, and also to keep the hull balanced so that it could return with the wind and current after the arrows were full, thus saving the time of turning around. Zhuge Liang's intelligence was fully demonstrated.
When Zhuge Liang dared to approach Cao Jun's water stronghold, he did not act rashly, nor did he act arbitrarily. It's because he fully grasped Cao Cao's suspicious and cautious character, and he took advantage of the foggy weather to prevent Cao Cao from sending troops easily. "Borrowing arrows" during this trip was not something he just said out of hand, but an action he took after careful consideration and clever arrangement, so he borrowed a hundred thousand arrows without any effort. This not only shows Zhuge Liang's rich astronomical knowledge, but also his superb military wisdom.
Summary of the questions:
1. What is the real reason why Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to make arrows?
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent, so he set up a trap of making arrows, intending to harm Zhuge Liang on the grounds of official business.
2. Why did Zhuge Liang agree to make arrows?
Zhuge Liang took into account the overall situation of uniting Wu to fight against Cao, regardless of personal gains and losses.
3. When Zhou Yu heard that Zhuge Liang could make arrows in three days and issued a military order, why was he so happy?
Zhou Yu knew that at that time, he would definitely not be able to make 100,000 arrows in three days. Since he had issued a military order, if he could not complete it, he would be beheaded. Zhou Yu thought his plan was going to succeed, so he was very happy.
4. Since Zhou Yu wanted to harm Zhuge Liang, why did he still ask for Zhuge Liang’s opinion?
Zhou Yu seemed to be asking Zhuge Liang for his opinion and showing respect for Zhuge Liang. In fact, his words were filled with murderous intent and sinister intentions.
5. What preparations did Zhuge Liang make for borrowing arrows?
The boat and the sergeants are the basic conditions for Zhuge Liang to borrow arrows. Covering the boat with a green cloth curtain is a disguise, and straw handles are placed on both sides of the boat to receive arrows. It's really thoughtful and cleverly arranged.
6. Lu Su was Zhou Yu’s subordinate, why did Zhuge Liang dare to ask him for help?
Zhuge Liang knew that Lu Su was a loyal man and took the overall situation into consideration.
7. In the process of borrowing arrows, what aspects of Zhuge Liang's "magical calculation" are reflected?
① The weather is good: there will be heavy fog on the third day (know astronomy).
② Calculate the method of receiving arrows: spread the boat in a straight line and receive arrows from both sides (Xiao Geography).
③ Consider Lu Su: Loyal and trustworthy. (Knowing people’s hearts)
④ Count Zhou Yu: jealous of talents, insidious and cunning.
⑤ Calculate Cao Cao: be cautious and suspicious.
⑥The layout is thorough and accurate.
The main idea of the paragraph:
The first part (1~2): Cause: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang’s talent and challenged him with the task of making 100,000 arrows in a short period of time. Zhuge Liang made a decision The military order guarantees that one hundred thousand arrows will be made within three days.
Part 2 (3~9): Story: Zhuge Liang used a straw boat to "borrow" arrows from Cao Cao.
Part Three (10): Result: Zhuge Liang delivered the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu felt inferior.
Summary the character traits of the characters in the story
Zhou Yu: narrow-minded, cunning, jealous of talents, and regardless of the overall situation.
Zhuge Liang: clever calculation, taking into account the overall situation, open-minded, resourceful, intelligent, courageous and knowledgeable, knowing people and making good use of them.
Lu Su: Loyal and trustworthy, taking the overall situation into consideration.
Cao Cao: suspicious and cautious by nature.
Text topic:
This article describes that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talents and asked Zhuge Liang to build 100,000 arrows within ten days in an attempt to frame him. Zhuge Liang used a clever plan to " "Borrowing" arrows thwarted Zhou Yu's conspiracy, showing Zhuge Liang's courage, knowledge, dexterity, and resourcefulness.
Answers to the after-class exercises:
1. Read the text silently. Tell the main content of the story in the order of cause, process, and result.
Answer: Reason: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and gave Zhuge Liang the task of making 100,000 arrows in ten days to embarrass Zhuge Liang.
Process: Zhuge Liang used a straw boat to "borrow" arrows from Cao Cao
Result: Zhuge Liang delivered the arrows as scheduled. Zhou Yu had to admire Zhuge Liang's miraculous calculation and felt inferior.
Main content: Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talents, and on the grounds of official business, he asked Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows within ten days, intending to harm him. Zhuge Liang fought with Zhou Yu, issued a military order, made preparations, and successfully "borrowed" more than 100,000 arrows from Cao Cao using straw boats. The arrows were delivered to Zhou Yu as scheduled, defeating Zhou Yu's conspiracy. After Zhou Yu understood what had happened, he felt inferior.
2. Read the sentences below and answer the questions in brackets. There are also some sentences in the article that reflect the characteristics of the characters. Draw them and communicate with your classmates.
Zhuge Liang said: "How dare you joke with the governor? I am willing to issue a military order. If I can't build it in three days, I will be severely punished." Zhou Yu was very happy and asked Zhuge Liang to issue a military order in person and set up a banquet to entertain him. he.
(It is so difficult to make 100,000 arrows in three days. Why did Zhuge Liang take the initiative to issue a military order? Why was Zhou Yu so happy after he issued the military order?)
Zhuge Liang agreed to three days He made one hundred thousand arrows and took the initiative to issue a military order because he had seen through Zhou Yu's plot and had a mature idea on how to obtain one hundred thousand arrows. It can be said that he was confident. By doing this, Zhuge Liang could weaken Zhou Yu's spirit and make him convinced. From reading the previous article, we can know that Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang, so he carefully planned and arranged this conversation. Under the guise of official business, he worked step by step to force Zhuge Liang into a situation where there was "no escape". This "happiness" is Zhou Yu's self-righteous and complacent state. He was happy that Zhuge Liang did not see through his plan, and he was happy that his conspiracy succeeded.
3. Before reading the text, what do you know about the characters in the text? After reading the text, which characters did you learn more about? What other stories do you want to know about them?
Before reading the text, I learned about the characters in the text through TV series and the story of the Three Kingdoms told by my grandfather. I know that Zhuge Liang is clever and eloquent, Zhang Fei is brave and rude, etc. After studying the text, I have a better understanding of Zhuge Liang. Faced with Zhou Yu's frame-up, he did not care about it, but took the overall situation into consideration and used his wisdom to "borrow" one hundred thousand arrows.
I also want to know about Zhuge Liang's "Empty City Strategy", "Seven Captures of Meng Huo", "Three Qi Zhou Yu", "Burning Red Cliff" and other stories.
4. Read the "Reading Links" section after class, find the corresponding passages in the text, and talk about the language characteristics of the original work compared with the text?
Answer: The "reading link" corresponds to the 8th and 9th paragraphs in the article.
I found that the language characteristics of classical Chinese are concise and concise, mostly written language; while modern Chinese is simple, popular and expressive.
Extracurricular development:
Ancient poems related to Zhuge Liang:
"Feelings"
Things that are on my mind in life are long-lasting, and the wind and rain Yannan grows old Prisoner of Chu.
Therefore, the longing for the old love is empty for thousands of miles, and the wife and children have not been seen for three autumns.
My pity is that Zhuge Long fell in love with him, but he got a son who will grow up in the world.
Once dead, there is no regret, and the loyal soul is dark in the wilderness.
Relevant remarks:
Cao Cao went to the south of the Yangtze River - he came with great success, but was defeated miserably
Cao Cao ate chicken ribs - it was tasteless, but it was a pity to abandon it
p>
Zhuge Liang conquered Meng Huo - retracting and releasing
Zhuge Liang borrowed arrows - never returned them
Zhuge Liang used troops - elusive and invisible
Zhuge Liang's countermeasures - foresight
Zhuge Liang's filial piety - pretending
Liu Bei's empire - crying (a metaphor for hard-won)
Guan Yunchang Gua Bones playing chess - as if nothing happened
Guan Yunchang walked to Maicheng - disaster was imminent
Guan Gong entered Cao Ying - went straight in single-handedly
Zhang Fei made a plan - rough There are fine ones
Zhang Fei eats bean sprouts - a plate of Xiaolai
Zhang Fei threads a needle-thickness and fineness
Zhang Fei threads a needle-big Staring with small eyes
Zhou Yu slaps the yellow cover - consensual.
Zhou Yu hits Huanggai - one is willing to hit, the other is willing to suffer
Zhuge Liang's three qi Zhou Yu - a little trick
Zhuge Liang kills Ma Su with tears - —Looking at the overall situation
Borrowing arrows from a straw boat—the more the better
Borrowing arrows from a straw boat—and enjoy the benefits
Borrowing arrows from a straw boat—returning with a full load
< p>Picture and Text InterpretationSynchronous Exercise 1
1. Fill in the blanks according to the text content.
The text is written in the order of the development of things. ________ is written first, then _________, with emphasis on _________, and finally _________.
2. Which of the following options can show Zhuge Liang's "magical calculation"? ( )
A. There must be heavy fog during the fourth watch of the third day.
B. He calculated how to receive arrows. Twenty boats could be connected with ropes and lined up to receive arrows on both sides.
C. He calculated well, knowing that Lu Su would be honest and honest and would be fine if he borrowed a ship from him, Zhou Yu was extremely smart, and Cao Cao was suspicious by nature.
D. Zhuge Liang can calculate because he is an immortal.
3. Taste the exploration and choose the correct answer.
1. "When Lu Su came back to report to Zhou Yu, he did not mention the borrowing of arrows, but only said..."
From this sentence, I felt that Lu Su _________< /p>
(1) Loyalty and trustworthiness; (2) Deceiving Zhou Yu; (3) Dishonesty
2. From "Zhuge Liang ordered the ship to be turned around again, with the bow facing east and the stern facing west. , Still beating drums and shouting." From this sentence, I feel Zhuge Liang ______________.
(1) Very courageous; (2) Careful planning and clever arrangements; (3) No sacrifice.
3. "Cao Cao would not dare to send troops when the fog is so thick. We just drink and have fun, and we will go back when the fog clears.”
This sentence was spoken by ________ to ________, which shows his characteristics of ________.
(1) Lu Su and Zhuge Liang were greedy for wine; (2) Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu were brave; (3) Zhuge Liang and Lu Su were confident
4. From the "movement on Cao Cao's river," The order was given: 'The fog on the river is very heavy... don't move out easily. Just let the crossbowmen of the water-popping army shoot at them. '" From this sentence, I felt that Zhuge Liang ________ and Cao Cao ________.
(1) Be resourceful, cautious and suspicious; (2) Be brave, resourceful and cautious; (3) Care for soldiers with clever calculations
Answer
1. The text is based on the development of things Written in order, the first is about Zhou Yu being jealous of Zhuge Liang and embarrassing Zhuge Liang with the task of making 100,000 arrows in a short period of time. Then it was written that Zhou Yu sent Lu Su to find out how Zhuge Liang made arrows, and Zhuge Liang asked Lu Su to help prepare for borrowing arrows. It focuses on Zhuge Liang's use of straw boats to borrow arrows from Cao's army. Finally, it was written that Zhuge Liang delivered the arrow as scheduled, and Zhou Yu had to admire that Zhuge Liang's talent was better than his own.
2. ABC
3. 1. (1) Loyal and trustworthy.
2. (2) Careful planning and clever arrangements.
3. (3) Zhuge Liang and Lu Su are confident
4. (1) Resourceful, cautious and suspicious
Synchronous Exercise 2
1. From what angle do the following sentences reflect Zhuge Liang's magical calculations?
A. Know people's hearts B. Know the sky C. Know the location
(1) From tomorrow to the third day, please send five hundred sergeants to the riverside to carry arrows . ( )
(2) But you can’t let the governor know. If he finds out, my plan will be ruined.
( )
(3) Lu Su agreed... and came back to report to Zhou Yu, but he did not mention the borrowing of the boat... ( )
(4)...until the third day on Thursday At that time, Zhuge Liang secretly invited Lu Su into the boat. ( )
(5) The fog is so heavy that Cao Cao would not dare to send troops out. ( )
(6) The boat on Zhuge Liang's side was light and the water was fast. It had already sailed more than twenty miles like flying and it was too late to catch up. ( )
2. Read the selected passages from the text and complete the exercises.
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang.
One day, Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to discuss the military situation and said: "We are about to fight Cao Jun. In a water battle, what weapon is best?" Zhuge Liang said: "Bows and arrows are the best." Zhou Yu said: " Yes, sir, I think so. The army is short of arrows, and I want to ask you to be responsible for making 100,000 of them. I hope you won't refuse." Zhuge Liang said, "I don't know what to do. When will the ten thousand arrows be used?" Zhou Yu asked, "How many days will it take to build it?" Zhuge Liang said, "Since we are going to fight, if we build it in ten days, we will definitely miss the important thing." Zhou Yu asked, "How many days do you expect to build it?" Okay?" Zhuge Liang said, "It only takes three days." Zhou Yu said, "The military situation is urgent, so we can't joke." Zhuge Liang said, "How dare you joke with the governor? I am willing to issue a military order and be punished if I don't do it in three days." Zhou Yu was very happy and asked Zhuge Liang to issue a military order in person, and also set up a banquet to entertain him. Zhuge Liang said: "It's too late today. From tomorrow to the third day, please send five hundred soldiers to the river to carry arrows." Zhuge Liang drank a few glasses of wine and left.
1． Use "√" to choose the correct pronunciation for the underlined word.
Since (jí jì) punishment (chéng chěng)
2. Find synonyms for the following words in the passage.
Punishment ( ) Discussion ( ) Greeting ( ) Jealousy ( )
3. Change the underlined sentences in the paragraph into declarative sentences.
4. Answer the questions based on the content of the passage.
(1) "Which weapon is best for fighting on water?" This sentence was written by Zhou Yu in ____________.
(2) "Now that the army is short of arrows, I would like to ask you to be responsible for making 100,000 of them. This is a business matter. I hope you will not refuse." The purpose of Zhou Yu's words is:
< p>(3) Zhou Yu asked Zhuge Liang to issue a military order and then held a banquet to entertain him. What does this mean?3. Connect the words on both sides to form a idiom.
Cao Cao's move south was all a conspiracy
Zhuge Liang borrowed the military order but never returned it
Lu Su boarded Kong Ming's ship and was defeated miserably
< p>Zhuge Liang’s face did not change when he spokeThe straw boat borrowed arrows to get confused
Reference answer:
1. (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) B (5) A (6) C
II. 1. jì chéng
2． Punishment, discussion, entertainment, jealousy
3. I dare not joke with the governor.
4. (1) Asking questions knowingly, with the intention of testing
(2) Setting a trap
(3) Zhou Yu is insidious and hypocritical, and wants to put Zhuge Liang to death.
(As long as the meaning is correct)
3. Cao Cao went south - he was defeated miserably
Zhuge Liang issued a military order - his face did not change and his heart did not beat
Lu Su boarded Kong Ming's ship - confused
Zhuge Liang opened his mouth - it was all a trick
Borrowing arrows from a straw boat - nothing to pay back
Synchronization Exercise 3
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