Is there anything about Qin Shihuang wanting the Great Wall in Zi Tong Zhi Jian?
Chinese name: Qin Shihuang
Alias: Ying Zheng, Qin, Zulong.
Nationality: China.
Nationality: China (the predecessor of Han nationality)
Place of birth: Handan (now Handan City, Hebei Province)
Date of birth: 259 BC
Date of death: 2 10 BC
Occupation: king of Qin, emperor
Major achievements: unifying the six countries.
Establish centralization.
Build the Great Wall
Regime: Qin Dynasty
Time in office: 246 BC-2 BC10 year.
Mausoleum: Lishan Mausoleum (now Xiahe Village, Lintong District, Xi)
Important events: Destroy the Six Kingdoms, Build the Great Wall, Burn Books and Pit Confucianism.
Time: Late Warring States Period to Qin Dynasty
catalogue
outline
Discrimination of names
The life story of this character on the throne.
Qin captured Jiuding.
Unify the six countries
Destroy the six countries and South Korea.
Destroy Zhao
Destroy the state of Wei
Destroy Chu state
Destroy Yan state
Destroy the state of qi
First called the emperor
Centralized organization
Local institutions
Comprehensively unify books and texts.
Degree certification system
Cars on the same track
homotopy
Make and pass the national seal
Building the Great Wall, the defense engineering building of the Great Wall.
The composition of the Great Wall
Connect the whole country
Book burning pit warlock
fleshpots
An elixir of life
Taishan closed his eyes and meditated.
Submerged dune
Major achievements
Positive evaluation of historical evaluation
Negative evaluation
Mao Zedong commented on Qin Shihuang
Qin Shihuang in the eyes of westerners
Related poems
Related literary and artistic works
Chronology of Qin Shihuang
history
Introduction to publishing photo albums
Discrimination of names
The life story of this character on the throne.
Qin captured Jiuding.
Unify the six countries
Destroy the six countries and South Korea.
Destroy Zhao
Destroy the state of Wei
Destroy Chu state
Destroy Yan state
Destroy the state of qi
First called the emperor
Centralized organization
Local institutions
Comprehensively unify books and texts.
Degree certification system
Cars on the same track
homotopy
Make and pass the national seal
Build the Great Wall
The defense project of the Great Wall, the composition of the Great Wall, connects the luxurious life of the book-burning pit warlocks throughout the country and strives for longevity. Historical evaluation of the main achievements of the death of Mount Tai meditation sand dunes
Affirmation and negation of Mao Zedong's comments on Qin Shihuang and his related poems and literary works in the eyes of westerners. Chronology of Qin Shihuang, historical records, posted on the photo album (17).
Edit the profile of this paragraph.
Qin Shihuang (BC 259- BC 2 10) was a famous politician, surnamed Zhao [1], also known as (Zheng) [2], who called himself Zulong. The first unified dynasty in the history of China-Qin Shihuang. Son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. Han nationality, [3] (formerly known as Huaxia nationality [4]). Born in Handan, the capital of Zhao State (now Handan City, Hebei Province). In 247 BC, King Zheng of Qin ascended the throne at the age of 13. In the first 238 years, when Qin Shihuang was 22 years old, he held a coronation ceremony for the monarch's adult in Yongcheng, his old capital, and began to "personally manage state affairs", getting rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and reusing Lisi and Liao Wei. From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively, and the great cause of reunifying China was completed at the age of 39. Xianyang is its capital. 2 10 years ago, Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province) on his way to the East. Qin Shihuang thought that his contribution was better than that of the previous three emperors and five emperors, and agreed that the title of minister should be changed to "Emperor". Qin Shihuang was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, so he called himself "the first emperor", but he died the next year. It had a far-reaching and significant impact on China and the world history, and was praised as "an emperor through the ages" by Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty. Qin Shihuang was not a tyrant recorded in Historical Records written by Sima Qian. The real Qin Shihuang you want to know is introduced in detail in the book The Real Qin Shihuang. It can be said that Qin Shihuang is a legendary epoch-making figure in the history of China and the founder of the first multi-ethnic centralized feudal empire in the history of China.
Discrimination of editing the name of this paragraph
According to various historical records, Qin Shihuang's name was Zhao, and he was a famous official. In the pre-Qin period, men were called Qin, Qin and Zhao. Then the world called it Ying Zheng.
Edit the life story of this character.
lv buwei
According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Lv Buwei, Zhao Ji, the mother of Qin Shihuang, was originally the concubine of Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei dedicated Evonne to different people (that is, the king of Qin Zhuang). Later, a famous government was born in Evonne; According to "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang", "The Emperor of Qin Shihuang, Qin Zhuangzi also. King Xiang of Zhuang made a proton in Zhao Shengqin. When he met Ji, he gladly took it and became the emperor. " As the son of an underrated proton, Zhao Zheng spent his youth in Handan, the capital of Zhao. At this point, the aliens have returned to the State of Qin through Lv Buwei's mediation, and recognized Mrs. Huayang as her mother. After many political struggles, he finally won the trust of Huayang. Lv Buwei spent a lot of energy and money to bring Evonne and her son back to Qin. From then on, Zhao Zheng began his political career in Qin king Palace.
ascend the throne
In the third year of Wang Xiang in Qinzhuang (247 BC), Wang Xiang died in Qinzhuang, and Zhao Zheng succeeded to the throne of Qin. When he acceded to the throne, because he was young, national politics was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei was honored as Guanzhong. Qin Shi Huang
Lv Buwei not only controls the imperial court, but also has an affair with the Empress Dowager (Evonne). Seeing that Qin Shihuang was getting older, he was afraid of being discovered by him, wanted to leave the Queen Mother, and was afraid of the Queen Mother's resentment, so he presented false eunuch's old moxa to the Queen Mother, which was fake and rotten, and only pulled out his beard and entered the palace. Qin Shihuang grew up day by day, so they lied to Qin Shihuang, saying that the queen mother's bedroom was not feng shui and she wanted to move out of here. Qin Shihuang believed it, so they moved far away from Qin Shihuang. As a result, the Queen Mother gave birth to two illegitimate children, Laoyi, a false eunuch pretending to be the fake father of the King of Qin. With the help of the Empress Dowager, he sealed the imperial edict for a long time, owned Yang Shan, Taiyuan and other places, and collected his own henchmen. Lao Ai has been operating in Yongcheng for many years, and has established a huge force, which is another powerful political force after Lv Buwei. Ai's success is inevitable. When he was drunk, he scolded a minister: "I am the false father of the king of Qin, how dare you provoke me." The minister was very angry after hearing this, and secretly found an opportunity to tell Qin Shihuang. Ed panicked and was ready to rebel. In the first 238 years, Qin Shihuang held a coronation ceremony at Yongnian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai rebelled with the imperial seal of the King of Qin and the imperial seal of Empress Dowager Cixi, and captured the Palace of Prayer for the Year. Qin Shihuang had already arranged 3000 elite soldiers in the Prayer Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai moved to Xianyang Palace, where there was already an army. Lao Ai fled alone and was arrested soon. Qin Shihuang cracked Lao Ai's car and exposed his body to the public. And put his mother Zhao Ji in the Luyang Palace in Yongcheng; Two illegitimate children born to Lao Ai and the Empress Dowager. Qin Shihuang then dismissed Lv Buwei and exiled Lv Buwei to Bashu. Later, although he listened to the words of the nobles of Qin State, he wrote the book of expelling guests and expelled the diners from the six countries, but he was discouraged by Li Si's book of remonstrating and expelling guests. Later, he appointed Liao Wei, Li Si and others.
Qin captured Jiuding.
It is said that Jiuding was cast by Xia, symbolizing Kyushu and protected by many countries. It is made of bronze tributes from Kyushu. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties are regarded as national treasures, and those who have Jiuding are the emperors. In 256 BC (fifty-one and fifty-nine years in Qin Zhao), he attacked Qin Jun in Handan, attacked Zhao, and continued to attack North Korea and Zhao. Taking this opportunity, the eastern countries launched a joint anti-Qin movement. Under the influence and coercion of Korea, Zhao and other countries, the Duke of the Western Zhou Dynasty, who was ignorant of current affairs, also participated in this activity. The allied forces, under the banner of Zhou Wang, united against the State of Qin. Zhao Haoqi was furious. Qin had long wanted to erase the Western Zhou Dynasty from the map and remove an obstacle for unifying the world as soon as possible. The Western Zhou Dynasty's participation in the anti-Qin campaign just gave Qin an excuse to send troops. In 256 BC (59th year of Yunwang, 5 1 year of Qin Dynasty), Qin Jun attacked the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wang listened to the Duke of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and gave Qin to thirty thousand households in thirty-six cities in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The King of Qin made Zhou Nanwang the monarch and the Duke of the Western Zhou the retainer, and sealed him in Liangcheng (now south of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province). Kuai Wang Yi died in Liangcheng in January. After the country split, he set up Jiuding in Xianyang (a tripod fell in Surabaya on the way, so Qin had to have eight tripods, but it was still customary to call Jiuding). Since the following year (52nd year of Zhao Haoqi, 255th year before), historians have used the King of Qin to mark the year. In 255 BC, Jiuding moved the capital to Qin, which meant that the king of Qin would be the master of the world and could justifiably crusade against the vassal States.
Unify the six countries
From 230 BC to 22 BC1year, Qin Shihuang adopted the strategy of distancing himself from Lian Heng and launched a war to destroy the six countries. Successively in the seventeenth year of Qin Shihuang (pre-Qin unified situation map
In 230), Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were wiped out in 19, 228, 225, 224, 222, 226 and 22 1 year respectively. Finally, the first unified centralized and autocratic country in China history-Qin Dynasty was established.
Edit this paragraph to destroy the six countries.
After Qin Shihuang acceded to the throne, he listened to Li Sijin's suggestion to destroy the six countries and set out to plan the great cause of unifying the six countries. Its general strategic policy is to concentrate far and near and divide them one by one; Take Zhao in the north, Wei in the middle, Korea in the south, and then forge ahead with Yan, Chu and Qi.
Destroy north Korea
The first target that Qin attacked was Zhao. Because Zhao's strength is the strongest among the six countries, it is the biggest obstacle to Qin's reunification. Therefore, Zhao has not reached the point of being vulnerable. Qin Jun attacked Zhao many times, but was repelled by Zhao. While attacking Zhao with the main force, Qin adopted the strategy of fostering pro-Qin forces and gradually dismembered South Korea. 23 1 years ago, Teng, a county magistrate in Nanyang, South Korea, pretended to be the chief, and gave his territory to the State of Qin. Teng was appointed as a literature and history by Qin, and was later sent to lead an army to attack South Korea. Teng knew Korea like the back of his hand, so it went smoothly. In 230 BC (the seventeenth year of the Qin Dynasty), Wang Han 'an fell and South Korea perished.
Destroy Zhao
In 229 BC, Qin took advantage of the earthquake and famine in Zhao, and sent Wang Jian to attack Zhao. Zhao sent Li Mu and Sima Shang to resist, and the two sides were deadlocked for a year.
. At a critical juncture, Qin used its killer weapon-deviance. Wang Jian bribed Guo Kai, the favorite of Zhao Wang, with a large sum of money to spread rumors of rebellion between Li Mu and Sima Shang. Zhao Wangxin believed it and sent someone to replace Li Mu. Under the current enemy situation, Li Mu refused to give up the relieving. Zhao secretly sent someone to capture Li Mu and kill him, and at the same time killed Sima Shang. Killing Li Mu undoubtedly cleared the way for killing Zhao. From then on, like nobody's business, attack the city and attack Zhao. In the first 228 years (the 19th year of Qin), Qin Jun attacked Handan, and Handan fell into the hands of Qin. Soon, the fugitive Zhao was forced to give the map of Zhao to Qin. Zhao actually perished. However, Gong Zijia fled to Dai Jun (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province) with a group of people and became king on his own. In the first 222 years, after Qin Jun destroyed Yan State, it occupied Yan State. At this point, Qin unified the north.
Destroy the state of Wei
23 1 year ago, under the powerful influence of Qin State, King Wei Jingmin offered Li Yi to Qin State on his own initiative in order to stall his army. At this time, the king of Qin was mobilizing troops to launch a general attack on Zhao. He didn't want to disperse his troops to attack Wei, so he accepted the land proposal. This enabled Wei to maintain the endgame for several years. In the first 225 years (twenty-two years of Qin Dynasty), when the main force was attacking Chu in the south, Wang Ben, a general of Qin Dynasty, led an army to besiege the girder (now Kaifeng, Henan). Wei Jun shut the gate, don't hold on. Because the girder Yugoslav capital has been built for many years and is extremely strong, Qin Jun cannot storm it. Wang Ben came up with a way to attack by water. A large number of foot soldiers in Qin Jun were arranged to dig ditches, take water from the Yellow River and canyons and pour it into girders. Three months later, the wall barriers of the girders all collapsed, and Wei had to surrender. The state of Wei perished.
Destroy Chu state
Chu, a big country in the south, has a vast territory, dense forests and rich products, and is known as a million soldiers. However, the internal affairs of Chu have been sluggish, and the nobles always struggle for power and profit, which is particularly serious at the end of the Warring States Period. In 228 years ago, Chu Youwang died and the ruling group split. Wang You's half-brother Jude ascended the throne and became king of mourning, but only two months later, he was killed by his half-brother's humble disciples. I became the king of Chu. The Chu royal family is even more divided. During the civil strife in Chu, in the first 226 years, the King of Qin lost no time in transferring Qin Jun from the front line of attacking Yan in the north and Chu in the south, and successively captured several cities in Chu 10. 224 years ago, the decisive battle of Qin Chu was about to begin. Li Xin, the young general of the King of Qin, led 200,000 Qin Jun to attack the State of Chu and was defeated by the Chu army. Then he sent general Wang Jian to lead 600,000 Qin Jun to attack Chu. After Wang Jian entered Chu, he did not immediately launch an offensive. He summed up the lesson that Li Xin underestimated the enemy's aggressiveness, and adopted the strategy of stationing troops to practice martial arts, guarding the city wall, paralyzing the enemy and waiting for death. In this way, after more than a year, Qin Jun basically adapted to the situation of Chu, with high morale and abundant physical strength. At the same time, the Chu army, which was called to fight against Qin Jun, gradually slackened its fighting spirit. Because of the lack of food and grass, they were ready to return to the East. When Chu Jun retreated, Wang Jian seized the opportunity and ordered the whole army to attack. Qin Jun defeated the main force of Chu army in one fell swoop, marched into the mainland and killed Xiang Yan, commander-in-chief of Chu army. Then, Qin Jun captured Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), the capital of Chu, and captured the king of Chu. In 223 BC (the 24th year of Qin Dynasty), Chu was destroyed. In the first 222 years (twenty-five years of the King of Qin), the army that just destroyed Chu in the south conquered the Vietnamese army and set up Huiji County. As a result, all the Yangtze River basins were incorporated into the territory of Qin State.
Destroy Yan state
In the process of destroying Zhao, the army of Qin reached the border of Yan. The prince is in a state of panic. Seeing that Qin destroyed Sanjin, he wanted to commit suicide, but there was nothing he could do. Yan Taizi Dan finally came up with a desperate assassination, that is, the famous Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin in history, which was in 227 BC. The assassination failed, but the king of Qin almost died under Jing Ke's dagger. He hated Yan deeply and immediately sent more troops to attack. In 226 years ago, Qin Jun captured Yan Dou thistle (now Beijing), and Yan and Taizi Dan fled to Liaodong County. Li Xin, the general of Qin Dynasty, led thousands of people to pursue Taizi Dan to Yanshui in Qin Jun. Prince Taizi Dan survived because he was lurking in the water. Later, after weighing the interests, Wang Xi of Yan sent someone to kill Taizi Dan and dedicate his head to Qin, hoping to get a truce and keep Yan. After Prince Xi fled to Liaodong, Qin Jun's main force was transferred to the downtown to attack Chu. In the first 222 years (the 25th year of the King of Qin), Wang Ben was ordered to attack the remnants of Yan State in Liaodong, capture Yan, and Yan State was completely destroyed.
Destroy the state of qi
22 1 year ago (in the 26th year of the King of Qin), the King of Qin ordered Wang Ben to go south and attack Qi, the last of the six eastern countries. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the mid-Warring States Period, Qi was one of the most powerful countries in Shandong. However, in the first 284 years, Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei and Chu conquered Qi, especially Yan's sweeping, which almost destroyed Qi. Since then, Qi has been devastated. Moreover, at this time, Qi is an incompetent person. He relied on his mother when she was alive; Before his mother died, he stubbornly asked her to write down the names of ministers who could help him. In 249 BC (the 16th year of Qi Dynasty), the unyielding king died and became prime minister. The state of Qin soon launched a campaign to buy off insiders and gave a large number of gold and jade articles to Housheng. After gaining the benefits of Qin, they sent a large number of guests to Qin one after another. Qin also bribed them, gave them money and treasure, and sent them back to Qi to be spies. After returning from the state of Qin, these people actively created pro-Qin public opinion. They said that Qi Wang Jian should go to the western Qin Dynasty to show his submission. They also said that Chyi Chin was in-laws, so he didn't need to prepare to attack Qin, nor should he help Sanjin and Yanchu to attack Qin. It is in this case that Wang Ben went south to cut Qi, hardly meeting any resistance. Wang Ben led the army into Linzi, and Qi and Hou Sheng surrendered without fighting. The state of Qi perished. At this point, the state of Qin completed the last journey of wiping out the heroes and unifying the six countries.
Editing this paragraph is called the emperor.
In 26 years, Wang Zheng ascended the throne of Qin State and finally unified China. At the beginning of the world, the first thing Qin, 39, was eager to do was to redefine his title. Qin Shi Huang
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, governors of various countries called "Jun" or "Wang". At the end of the Warring States period, Qin and Qi were once called "emperors", but this title was different at that time. Qin, who dominated the country, thought that these titles in the past were not enough to show his respect. "Today's name is even less important, so it is impossible to call it success and pass it on to future generations." He ordered ministers to discuss titles. After some discussions, Prime Minister Wang Wan, Yu Shi Feng Jie, Ting Wei Li Si and others thought that the government of the Qin Dynasty was "attacking Xingyi, killing the remnant thieves and leveling the world", and its achievements were "unprecedented since ancient times, and the five emperors were far behind". Quoting the traditional honorific words, it is said that "emperors, Huangdi, Tai Huang and Tai Huang were the most expensive in ancient times", and it is suggested that the title of "Tai Huang" should be adopted by the King of Qin. However, Qin Shihuang was not satisfied with this. He only used the word "emperor" and added the word "emperor" under it because of "three emperors and five emperors", creating a new title of "emperor" and awarding it to himself. From then on, "Emperor" became the title of the supreme ruler of China. The emergence of the title "Emperor" is not only a simple name change, but also a new concept of governing the country. In ancient times, "emperor" meant "great", and people sometimes called ancestor gods and other gods "emperor". "Emperor" is the highest god who dominates everything in ancient people's imagination. Qin Shihuang combined the words "emperor" and "emperor" into one. First, it shows that he wants to express his supreme status and authority, which is given by God, that is, "the supreme power is given by God"; Second, it reflects that he is not satisfied with being only the ruler of the world, but also a god. It can be seen that the title of "emperor" is the product of the deification of the monarchical power in Qin Dynasty. Qin became the first emperor in the history of China, calling himself "the first emperor". He also stipulated that when he passed the throne to future generations after his death, the heirs would be called the second emperor, the third emperor and even eternal life. The dream that Qin Shihuang's throne will be inherited by his family forever "spreads endlessly" (Historical Records of Qin Shihuang's Biography). In order to sanctify the status of the emperor, Qin Shihuang took a series of measures to "respect the monarch": abolishing the funeral etiquette. The funeral ceremony began in the early Zhou Dynasty, and it was given an evaluation title based on the life story of the king after his death. However, Qin Shihuang thought that "discussing the father by the son and the monarch by the minister" was outrageous and meaningless. He announced the abolition of the obituary law and prohibited future courtiers from evaluating themselves. The son of heaven calls himself "I" The word "I" has the same meaning as "I". In the past, everyone could use it. Qin Shihuang limited that only the emperor could call himself "I". The emperor's orders are called "control" or "imperial edict". It is not allowed to mention the name of the emperor in the text and should be avoided. Whenever the words "emperor" and "first emperor" appear on the document, a new line should be written. Only the jade carving seal used by the emperor can be called "seal" The purpose of these regulations is to highlight the special position of the emperor, emphasize that the emperor is different and strengthen the mystery of imperial power in people's hearts. Qin Shihuang fantasized that with these measures, his throne would be passed down from generation to generation.
Edit this paragraph centrally.
In order to effectively manage the country and lay a foundation for future generations, Qin Shihuang learned the specific experience of setting up official positions during the Warring States period and established a fairly complete set of centralized and political institutions.
head office
The central government has a premier, A Qiu, and an ancient adviser. The Prime Minister has two left and right members, and he is the head of a hundred officials, in charge of political affairs. Qiu is in charge of the military and doesn't often buy it. The Imperial Scholar is the second deputy of the Prime Minister, in charge of the library secretary and supervising officials. Under the Prime Minister, Qiu, and imperial envoys, there are various ministers who are in charge of specific government affairs, including doctors in charge of the palace, guards stationed in the palace, deputy generals in charge of public security in Gyeonggi, Tingwei in charge of punishment, internal history of Ji Xia, taxes on mountains and seas and handicrafts supplied by the government to the royal family, those in charge of the palace, those in charge of domestic ethnic affairs and foreign affairs, and guest appearances. The prime minister, Qiu, Qiu, discussed the state affairs, and the emperor ruled. In addition, there were some important official positions in the Qin dynasty, such as doctors, who were familiar with ancient and modern history for the emperor's consultation and were responsible for collecting books. Huagai State is in charge of ethnic affairs like Dianke, but the difference is that Dianke is in charge of communication with ethnic minorities who are friendly to Qin, while Huagai State is in charge of ethnic minorities who have surrendered to Qin. Zhan's-managing the affairs of the queen and the prince. The centralization of authority established in the Qin Dynasty was imitated by successive dynasties. Among them, the "three public officials and nine ministers" in the Han Dynasty basically copied the Qin system.
Local institutions
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he adopted Lisi's suggestion, abolished the enfeoffment system and switched to the county system. Local administrative agencies are divided into counties and counties. Principal officials of counties and counties are appointed and removed by the central authorities. There are guards, governors and supervisors in the county. The sheriff is in charge of his county. The county commandant assisted the county magistrate and gave a military salute. Supervised by the county police. Qin Shihuang divided the whole country into 36 counties, and later it gradually increased to 4 1 county. They are: Qin: Ba County, Shu County, Longxi County and Beidi County; Zhao Di: Taiyuan County, Yunzhong County, Handan County, Julu County, Yanmen County, Daixian County and Changshan County; Di Wei: Shang Jun, Hedong County, Dong Jun, Dang County and Hanoi County; Handi: Sanchuan County, Shangdang County and Yingchuan County; The land of Chu and Yue: Hanzhong County, Nanjun County, Qianzhong County, Nanyang County, Chenjun County, Xue Jun County, surabaya county County, Jiujiang County, Huiji County, Changsha County and Hengshan County; Tiqi: Donghai County, Qixian County, Langya County, Jiaodong County and Jibei County; Yan Di: Yangguang County, Shanggu County, Yuyang County, Youbeiping County, Liaoxi County and Liaodong County; Hometown of South Vietnam: Minzhong County, Nanhai County, Guilin County and Xiang Jun County; Hometown of Xiongnu: Jiuyuan County. County, 1 10,000 households or more, and 1 10,000 households or less. The county magistrate and the governor have subordinates such as Cheng and Wei. The county magistrate and governor are mainly in charge of government affairs, the county commandant is in charge of military affairs, and the county magistrate is in charge of justice.