"Liu Qi" historical deeds, evaluation, character introduction
"Liu Qi" historical deeds, evaluation, character introduction
Uncle Xin, a native of Deshun Army (in the north of Longde County, Ningxia today). The ninth son of Liu Zhongwu, the military governor of Luchuan Army (now Luzhou City, Sichuan). Qi has a majestic appearance, sounds like a bell, and is good at riding and shooting. At first, he was the chief minister of the pavilion.
In May of the second year of Jingkang (1127 AD), Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne and summoned Qi. He was surprised when he saw him and ordered him to know Minzhou (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) and serve as the protector of Longyou. He fought with the Xia people and won many times, and the northwest was powerful. When the Xia people's children cried, their families were frightened and said: "Liu Du is coming to protect you!" In the third year of Jianyan (1129 AD), Zhang Jun announced that he was in charge of Shaanxi, and he was surprised at the first sight. Cai, thought he was a military envoy from Jingyuan, and also knew Weizhou. In September of the following year, Jun Jun combined 400,000 troops and 70,000 horses, divided into five groups, and fought with the Jin soldiers in Fuping (in today's Shaanxi Province). All five groups were defeated; General Mu Wei rebelled and surrendered to Qingyang (in today's Gansu Province). Jin, attacked Huanzhou (today's Huanxian), and Jun ordered Qi to rescue him. When Jin attacked Wei (now Pingliang County), Qi turned to rescue Wei; but when he failed, he was in a dilemma, so he went to Shunde's army, and his general Li Yanqi sent gold again. Demoted to Zhimian County. In December of the third year of Shaoxing (AD 1133), he was the deputy general manager of Jiangdong Road.
In the first month of the seventh year (AD 1137), Wang Yan, the deputy envoy to the coastal areas of western Zhejiang and Huaidong, sent generals to arrest the fugitives and release them from the army in front of the palace. The sergeants fought in the city. Take it as well. When it arrived, the front guard deputy army (Wang Yan's "eight-character army") and the cavalry army were reorganized into six armies (front, rear, left, right, middle army and Youyi), with each army having a thousand men and two generals. Since then, Qi has become the general of the independent army of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In February of the tenth year (AD 1140), he served as the deputy governor of Tokyo. He led his 40,000 troops from Lin'an (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) to the north, followed the Yangtze River and crossed the Huaihe River, and arrived at Shunchang (now Anhui Province). Fuyang County) three hundred miles away, when I heard that Jin was coming to invade, I immediately landed with General Zuoshe's boat. By the time they arrived in Shunchang, the Jin Dynasty had occupied Tokyo (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). The prefect Chen Gui came to see him and asked for advice. Qi said: "The matter is urgent. If there is food in the city, I can keep it with you." Gui said: "Yes. The rice is tens of thousands of dendrobium." Then he gathered his troops into the city. Xuan discussed matters with the generals, and the generals Duo said: "Our army is coming from far away. Before we can rest, the enemy invites us to return. We will definitely be defeated. We must not defend the city." Qi said: "We must work together to repay the country with death." "He also scolded those who wanted to abandon the city and fled to the south, saying: "Anyone who dares to speak out about leaving will be killed!" He sank the boat to show that he had no intention of leaving. He placed his own house in the temple and accumulated salary at the door. The guards said: "It will be disadvantageous to escape." "I will burn my house without humiliating the enemy." He then ordered the generals to guard the gates, conduct extensive reconnaissance, and recruit local people to serve as spies. He also set up war equipment and built forts, and burned thousands of houses outside the city to prevent them from being used by the enemy. So the soldiers and civilians all stood up, the men prepared for battle, the women sharpened their swords, and the soldiers and civilians shouted: "Earlier, people bullied our Eight-Character Army, today we should make meritorious service to the country!"
Five On the 25th of the month, Jin Youqi appeared outside the city, and Song soldiers ambushed them and captured two people from Jin Qianhu. After interrogation, it was learned that General Han was in Baishawo (in the northwest of Fuyang County, Anhui Province today), thirty miles away from the city. Here, Qi Ye sent troops to attack them and killed many of them. Then the three armies of Jin and Jin led the armies of Ge Wangbao and Longhu Dawang to the city, with more than 30,000 people. The Song Dynasty first used divine arm bows and powerful crossbows to shoot at them, and then used infantry to attack them. Many Jin soldiers drowned in the river. On June 2, Qi selected another five hundred warriors to attack Jinzhai, which was twenty miles east of the city. That night, lightning was everywhere. When the lightning flashed, the soldiers of the Song Dynasty killed anyone with braided hair when they saw it. When the lightning stopped, they hid themselves. The Jin soldiers were in chaos and killed each other. They retreated to Wife Bay (on the north bank of Yinghe River in today's Taihe County). They did not dare to dismount day and night, and asked for help from the capital marshal Wanyan Zongbi (Wushu).
Zong Bi received his reward and immediately led an army of 100,000 people to march south. After hearing the news, Qi met with the generals on the city to ask for advice, or said: "We have won many victories now. It is better to take advantage of this situation and return with the whole army in boats." Qi firmly objected, saying: "The imperial court has been raising troops for fifteen years. It's time to wait, but the enemy's attack has already been defeated." "And the enemy camp is very close (close), and if Wu Shu comes again, if our army moves and they sneak behind, all the previous achievements will be wasted." "It is better to fight from behind. To survive in death." Everyone thought so and wanted to serve.
On June 7th, the Jin soldiers arrived, and the people and horses covered the countryside for thirty miles. Zong Bi saw that the city of Shunchang was ugly and said: "The city of Shunchang is so bad that you can kick it down with the tip of your boot. I will have a dinner at the government office in the future." He broke an arrow and made an oath to inspire the crowd. First, Liu Qi sent his general Cao Cheng and two others to lead a small group of cavalry out of the city for "reconnaissance". They encountered Jin soldiers on the road, pretended to be frightened and fell off their horses, and were captured by the Jin soldiers. Jin Shuai asked: Why is Qi like a human being? Cheng Yiqi said: "The sound of joy is great. The imperial court has agreed with the two countries and sent envoys to guard Tokyo to enjoy themselves." Zong Bi heard about it and took it lightly.
On the 9th, Zong Bi launched attacks from the east and west gates, but the Song army resisted with powerful crossbows. Although Qi Zhizongbi's army was 100,000, most of it was the old troops of the Song Dynasty, and they had no fighting spirit. Only Guaizima was his own soldier. At noon, the weather was extremely hot, and the Jin soldiers were exhausted. The men and horses were hungry and thirsty. They drank the Yingshui that had been poisoned by the Song army, and all of them were poisoned and fell ill. Seeing that the time had come to attack, Qi decided to attack. Some of the generals asked General Han to attack Han first. Qi said: "Although we have retreated, Wu Shu's elite troops are still unstoppable, so we should attack Wu Shu first. If Wu Shu moves, I will be unable to do anything." It was past noon, and the weather was getting worse. In the scorching heat, Qi sent hundreds of people out of the west gate and launched a sudden attack on the Jin army. Then he sent thousands of people out of the south gate. They were ordered not to shout, and they advanced quickly with short-hand troops and broke into the enemy's formation. They all fought to the death, using swords and axes to kill. Those who grabbed it with their hands and fell into the ditch together. The Jin soldiers were defeated, five thousand were killed, and corpses were scattered all over the field. Zongbi was forced to move the stronghold to the west of the city and dug trenches to defend himself, hoping to trap the Song army.
It rained heavily that day, and the water was more than a foot deep on the ground. Qi sent troops to attack again. The Jin soldiers could not find peace, so they broke camp and went north. The Song army pursued them and killed tens of thousands more. The Jin army abandoned their corpses and killed their horses. The mass was like a hill, and Zongbi led the remaining troops back to Tokyo.
In this battle, the Song soldiers were less than 20,000, and only 5,000 went out to fight, while the Jin soldiers were 100,000, and there were "guaizi horses" (in the past, they specialized in attacking fortified areas, and they were indomitable, and they were called "Long Victory"). Army") and suffered a disastrous defeat. History has said that "the victory of Qi is better than waiting for work with ease". Because the Jin soldiers were coming from afar and the weather was extremely hot, they were very tired. In addition, Qi's troops were constantly attacking, so they could not rest. Except for the guards, the Song army was resting and recharging their strength. The victory of Shunchang shocked the Jin people, but the Song Dynasty was in a good situation. At that time, if the generals were ordered to pursue the pursuit in separate ways, Zongbi could be captured and Bianjing could be recovered. However, Gaozong ordered the Song army to return urgently, and it was a pity that he missed the opportunity. In July, he became the magistrate of Xuanfu in Huaibei and settled in Taiping (today's Dangtu County).
In the first month of the following year, Zongbi invaded the south again, and Qi crossed the river from Taiping to fight. When they arrived in Luzhou (today's Hefei City), Jin soldiers arrived. Qi knew that the city could not be defended, so he led his army southward, and Jin Qingqi pursued him. Qi, with his elite troops behind him, marched slowly to Dongguan (in the south of today's Chaoxian County), relying on the water to seize the mountains, and defeated the Jin soldiers in two ways. He also participated in the battle of Zhegao (in the northwest of today's Chao County) and defeated the Jin soldiers.
After the victory in Shunchang, Qi's reputation became great, and many generals were jealous of him; Qi also refused to join the capitulation faction, so he was ostracized by Zhang Junzhi, the general who colluded with Qin Hui. Zhe Gao rewarded Qi's army. Nothing.
One night, Sergeant Jun set fire to rob Qi's army. Qi captured and killed sixteen people, but the rest escaped. Jun angrily said to Qi, "I am Xuanfu and you are the judge. Why should I kill our army?" Qi said, "I don't know about Xuanfu's army, but I can kill the thieves who robbed the stronghold." Jun called for a soldier to come and confront him. Qi Zhengse said: "Qi is a general of the country. He is guilty. He should be declared to the court. How can he go against the soldiers?" Chang Yi mounted his horse and left. Jun hated him, and when he returned to the court, he said that Qi's battle was ineffective. Qin Hui advocated it, and then dismissed Jingnan Mansion.
In the sixth year of Jing Nanfan's reign in Qi Town, the army and the people were in peace. There is Huangtan in the east of Jiangling. During the Jianyan period, there were officials who diverted water into the river to prevent bandits. Since summer and autumn the weather has overflowed, a lot of land has been flooded. When Qi arrived, he was ordered to rule it and open up thousands of acres of fertile land.
In the thirty-first year (AD 1161), the financier Wan Yanliang led an army of 600,000 soldiers southward, covering dozens of miles, causing major earthquakes at home and abroad. At that time, there were no old generals in the Song Dynasty, so Emperor Gaozong used Qi as envoys for Jiang, Huai, and Zhejiang provinces, and entered Yangzhou to station his troops. The troops were in good order, and the onlookers sighed. When he arrived, Qi saw that Jin had brought food in a boat wrapped in felt, so he ordered a man who was good at divers to sink his boat. He suffered from whirling disease and returned to Zhenjiang.
As early as when the Song army crossed the river to the north bank, Qi ordered people to hold yellow and white flags, stand on a high place and look at them, and ordered: "Raise the white flag when the thieves arrive, raise two flags when fighting together, and raise the yellow flag if you win." "On November 4, the second flag was raised, but the yellow flag was not seen after the time limit. He said: "If the yellow flag is not raised for a long time, our army is in danger." He was extremely angry and his condition worsened. On the 8th, Yu Yunwen, the military counselor of the Dudu Mansion, defeated the Jin army in quarrying stones in the east (in the northwest of today's Dangtu County). Passing by Zhenjiang, Qi held his hand and said: "The imperial court has been raising troops for thirty years, and yet great achievements have been made without performing a single skill." A Confucian scholar (Yun Wenwen is a civil servant), we are ashamed to die!" In the second month of the next year, he was so angry that he vomited several liters of blood and died. He was sixty-five years old. His posthumous title is Wu Mu.
Qi is resourceful, generous and persevering, and has the style of a Confucian general, which makes the Jin soldiers frightened. History said: "Liu Qi's magical military strategy enabled him to win by surprise, and his victory in Shunchang shocked the enemy.
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