In the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei captured Sichuan in three years. Why did Wargo only take two months?
The so-called feng shui turns. 65438+ 10 month, in 263 AD, Wei attacked Shu. Because Jiang Wei is guarding the sword gate, he won't let Wei in. During the stalemate between the two armies, Wargo selected more than 10,000 elites, passed a level playing field path of more than 700 miles, and walked around Jiange West. After defeating the 20,000 Shu army led by Zhuge Zhan, he arrived at the gates of Chengdu in October of the same year 165438+. Unexpectedly, Liu Chan chose to surrender rather than resist. It was less than two months from Wargo to Shu Wu.
It took Liu Bei three years to capture Sichuan, while Wargo only took two months. Why did Liu Chan surrender easily? One of the most traditional sayings is A Dou, who can't afford to help. Liu Chan is too stupid, too stupid and too weak, so he ruined the good situation. In fact, this view is debatable. Let's take a look at the actual situation before the demise of Shu at that time!
From a military point of view, Shu has two problems. On the one hand, it is empty inside, that is, the internal military strength is empty, and heavy troops are deployed in the frontier, ready for the northern expedition at any time. On the one hand, Shu's talents are dying and there is a lack of famous talents.
Song is the reality, Shu is the rebellion, and the army gathers in the frontier. It's hard to say whether there is a conspiracy. In 238 ad? During 262 years, Jiang Wei was always preparing for the Northern Expedition, which was carried out 1 1 times. Because Jiang Wei inherited the wishes of the Prime Minister and always wanted to recover the Central Plains, he was bound to assemble heavily in the frontier and be ready to start at any time, which would inevitably weaken the internal security forces.
So when Wargo raided more than ten thousand military forces, Zhuge Zhan could only lead twenty thousand military forces to battle. Because it is a field battle, it is probably related to the poor combat effectiveness of the troops. After all, Wargo came from afar and was mainly light, so it was difficult to win. The fiasco of World War I, lacking the real strategy of defending the enemy above the imperial court, can also be seen that the talents of Shu are dying and the army lacks backers.
From the perspective of people's heart, the people of Shu are overwhelmed, and it is almost impossible to be like Liu Zhang? Are the officials and the people dying? For example, these two points: on the one hand, there is almost no peaceful life after years of war, on the other hand, it is the predatory policy of the Shu government.
In 2 14, Liu Bei took Sichuan and destroyed the country in 263, which took 50 years. However, except for winning the Hanzhong War for two years and Jiang Wei's two northern expeditions, Shu almost failed. Guan Yu was defeated, Yiling was defeated, Zhuge Liang defeated Qishan five times, and Jiang Jiu defeated the Northern Expedition ... Can Shu be so small as to bear such a fiasco? Who will bear the consequences of failure?
Apart from the military defeat, Shu's oppression of the people was almost extreme, and the most typical one was the appearance of 150 baht. It used to be a five-baht coin, but now it weighs the same. Change the words above to? Straight 105 baht? , it becomes 100 of the money. It can be seen that the plunder of Shu is ruthless. Under this currency plunder, it is estimated that many aristocratic families are also complaining, not to mention ordinary people.
Judging from the affordability of the people, Shu is almost on the verge of bankruptcy, and the burden of the people is beyond imagination. Compared with Wei He, Shu is indeed militaristic.
According to Du You's "General Code" in the Tang Dynasty, the three countries were divided and wars continued. Pingshu harvested 280,000 households with 940,000 people, soldiers102,000, and officials 40,000.
With such a small population, there are more than 65,438+10,000 soldiers and 40,000 officials. Can Shu be rich? In addition, despite this, Shu continued the northern expedition, constantly fighting and constantly failing. It can be seen that the weight of Shu people is unique in ancient and modern times.
Wargo Enemy at the Gates, when Liu Chan wanted to flee to the south, Qiao Zhou said something, including this sentence:
The remote land in the south usually has nothing to offer, but it is still rebellious. Since the Prime Minister has conquered the south, he is forced by soldiers, but he is lucky to be poor. After that, he gave up the official tax and distributed it to the soldiers, thinking that he was worried and resentful, and the people of the country were also affected. Today, if you are forced by poverty and want to rely on it, you will be afraid of rebellion.
Before Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, he often rebelled when he didn't have to pay tribute to the court. Now? Give up official tax for soldiers? , has been squeezed out of anger. If you escape here, it will inevitably lead to their rebellion.
From the perspective of internal cohesion, Shu is not calm at all. There are three schools in Shu: Jingchu School where Liu Bei entered Shu, Dongchuan School represented by Zhuge Liang and Li Yan, and Yizhou Local School represented by Qiao Zhou.
When Liu Bei was alive, although he reused people from Jingchu Group, the other two factions had been looking forward to it. For example, before Liu Bei died, he appointed Zhuge Liang and Li Yan to assist the government. But after Liu Bei's death, he became the head of the family, and the other two factions were severely suppressed. The so-called Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, Dong Yun and Fei Yi? Shu Han Phase IV? In fact, they are all from Jingchu Group, and the other two factions can't get their hands on them.
Zhuge Liang said in the model,? Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. All these are good facts ... We should discuss things in the palace, big or small? . In other words, Zhuge Liang thinks that Jingchu School is everything? Sage? , suggesting that the other two factions are? Little people? . This practice also led to disagreement among various factions in Shu and fierce power struggle. In the final analysis, internal cohesion is too poor.
Because of this, when Wargo led thousands of Wei Jun and Enemy at the Gates, Yizhou local group, Dongchuan group and even the people were unwilling to resist, but they might open the gate and surrender, so Liu Chan felt unsafe and thought about fleeing south. If, as in Liu Zhang, we resist a little, Wargo may be in a desperate situation, and Shu will not die at least temporarily.
Because it was humiliating to flee to Wudong, it was impossible to flee to the south, and the country was unstable, Liu Chan had no choice but to surrender. Some scholars believe that it's not that Liu Chan wants to surrender, or that ministers don't have solar terms, but that the situation forces Liu Chan to have no choice! If you insist, someone inside may give him a knife.