How to prepare questions for the Putonghua test?
A, putonghua test * * * four contents:
1. Read 100 monosyllabic words (100 monosyllabic words, 3.5 points, *** 10 points).
Key points: check the standard degree of initials, finals and tone pronunciation of candidates.
(1) pronunciation should be standard and complete. That is, the pronunciation of a single word should be complete in pronunciation, rhyme and tone. In particular, the upper syllable (three tones) should be pronounced zigzag (2 14 tone), but don't overemphasize 4. (see photo)
The 5-degree tone value of Putonghua;
(2) Full of breath, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, full of movement. In other words, the initials, finals and tones of a word should be pronounced loudly, especially the finals, which should not be vague, and the rhyme, abdomen and tail should be pronounced clearly. For example, the pronunciation of "poor" should be pronounced as "q-i-ó-ng" instead of "Q-ng".
(3) There is no reading of A as B, such as "Jun" as "even" and "limp" as "turn".
(4) Some monosyllabic words in 1 00 are rare words, so you should take a good look at Table1and Table 2, learn all the words you don't know and pronounce them correctly.
2. Read disyllabic words (including 45 disyllabic words, 2 trisyllabic words, 4-syllable words 1 word, with a time limit of 2.5 points ***20 points).
Key points: check the standard degree of initials, finals and tone pronunciation of candidates.
(1) The pronunciation of disyllabic words has a certain context because of the connection between the words before and after, so the pronunciation can't read the complete sound, rhyme and tone like monosyllabic words, but it will change because of the influence of the words before and after. There are too many details here, so I won't state them one by one In short, you can't pronounce word by word, but read word by word. For example, "Qing" can't be pronounced as Qing-Qing, and "Succession" can't be pronounced as pre-servant-post-succession.
(2) When the syllables at the end of polysyllables are consonants, the inflections should be read; The words connected with the upper tone should have a certain tone sandhi: for example, "Guan" can't be pronounced as two complete upper tones "VV", but as "∕V", that is, the second half of the pronunciation of the word "Guan" and the complete upper tone.
(3) Words with light syllables. There are not less than 3 light syllable words in this question. Soft syllables can't read tones. For example, wonton can't be pronounced wonton, but wonton? Tuner.
(4) Erhua syllable words. This question is not less than 4 syllables. The key point of the pronunciation of Erhua rhyme is to roll up the tongue and bend it to the center of the palate (commonly known as the oral ceiling) to make two syllables into one syllable. For example, the pronunciation of "Hua" should be rolled up before the pronunciation of the word "Hua", and then read "Hua"; Instead of reading "flower" first and then "er", the result is "flower"-"er" two syllables
(5) The most important format. In Chinese disyllabic words, most words are stressed on the last syllable, such as unity, immediately, test, work and so on. But some words are stressed on the first syllable and the second syllable is accented, not stressed. Such as achievements, system, mistakes, punishment, analysis, convenience, utilization, criticism, atmosphere, art and so on. If these pre-stressed words are read as post-stressed, they will sound awkward and show the unique colors of people in dialect areas when learning Mandarin. But it can't be pronounced softly, and it is characterized by short (longer than the pronunciation of the previous word), light and no tone. Therefore, the pronunciation of this kind of stressed and sub-stressed disyllabic words should be the same as the duration of the two syllables (words).
3. Read a short passage (one of the 60 reading materials given in the outline, 400 syllables, limited to 4 minutes ***30 minutes).
Focus: Test the level of candidates reading written works in Mandarin. At the same time, we should measure the standard degree of initials, finals and tones, and attach importance to tone sandhi, stop, intonation and fluency.
(1) A word that must be read softly will have obvious pronunciation when stressed, and this word will be deducted according to the error. Words that must be read softly are:
① The structural auxiliary word "de, de and de"
② Dynamic auxiliary words "zhe, le and guo";
(3) tend to verb "come, go", such as the past, come back, take it, come over, pick it up, grab it back, etc.
④ The word "up" and "down", such as on the mountain, under the slope, under the eaves and on the windowsill.
⑤ The quantifier "ge" is like five people and two boxes.
(5) Suffix words "zi, tou", etc. , such as son, head (changed to stress after rolling tongue sounds, such as old man);
6 overlapping words, such as sister, look; It is the latter who reads softly;
⑦ The plural word "men" is also required reading.
⑧ There are a lot of disyllabic light words that must be read, such as: Sun, friends, time, confusion, wonton, cucumber, serving, understanding, teasing, asking, coughing, nagging, kung fu, memorial archway, girl, yawning and so on.
(2) When a sentence, especially a long sentence, can't be read in one breath, we should pay attention to whether the pause is appropriate. Generally speaking, it should stop in a meaning group, not in the middle of a word, which leads to a word being divided into two sentences. Improper suspension will deduct points.
(3) When reading aloud, there is no word-by-word, sentence-by-sentence and sentence-by-sentence reading, which is called lexicalization or phrasing, and points will be deducted.
(4) Don't read back when reading aloud. If there is memorization, points will be deducted according to fluency.
(5) The reading speed should be moderate, neither too fast nor too slow. When there is no familiar content or dialect influence, the speech speed is faster; However, when unfamiliar content appears or influenced by dialects, the speech speed slows down. This should also be deducted according to the unsmooth.
(6) Some preserved training materials have made phonetic notation for some words in the reading works, and should be read according to phonetic notation when reading aloud. If you don't pronounce according to the phonetic notation, you will be deducted according to the error.
4. Proposition speech (limited to 3 minutes, ***40 points)
Focus: measure the level of candidates speaking Mandarin without words, that is, oral expression ability. Focus on measuring the standard degree of pronunciation, the standardization degree of vocabulary and grammar, and the natural fluency degree.
(1) The intonation is natural and smooth. Try to use short sentences, because spoken English is short sentences.
(2) Don't use modifiers or long sentences. For example, "I stepped on the slippery streets paved with pebbles and stayed in the warm and humid atmosphere in the south …", which was written with my heart, and points will be deducted if it is not smooth.
(3) Do not use dialect vocabulary and dialect grammar. Some people speak dialect words in Mandarin instead of dialects. Some people pronounce in Putonghua, but it is dialect grammar and word order, and points will be deducted according to dialect errors.
(4) Don't use other people's ready-made manuscripts, online manuscripts and books, or repeat what you have said before as the content of the proposition. In this case, the similarity will be deducted by 4~6 points. There is a model essay on the Internet, which deals with all 30 topics with one topic, and it is called "Talking Universal Topic-Scrambled Eggs with Tomatoes". This kind of bad practice is resolutely put an end to in the exam. Testers all know the online model essay. As long as candidates use the online model essay, they will be deducted 6 points according to the similarity. At the same time, you don't have to memorize your own manuscript. The manuscripts memorized are all written thinking. This question is a test of oral expression and thinking ability. If you recite a written manuscript, you will be deducted according to your poor oral English during the exam. Because there is a clear difference between oral expression and written expression. For example. There are a lot of adjectives and modifiers in written language, while spoken language is much more concise. Written language is subject-predicate format, and spoken language may be subject-predicate format. For example: "Students who have finished their homework raise their hands" (written language); Raise your hand to finish your homework. Another example is: "Please help me find some classmates and move these books to the newly completed school library" (written language); Please ask some people to move the books to the school library.
(5) Don't deviate from the given topic. When you speak, you should speak according to the topic you choose, and don't digress, otherwise you will be deducted 4~6 points for digression. For example, "Talking about Hygiene and Health" talks about hygiene and health, and when the conversation turns, it reminds me of my mother, her voice and face, and so on. This will be deducted according to digression.
(6) When there is no shortage, say 3 minutes. The fourth question allows a pause between two sentences. The maximum pause time is 5 seconds. If it exceeds 5 seconds, points will be deducted for lack of time. Candidates who take the computer test don't need to calculate the time, and they don't need to look at the blue dynamic bar displayed on the computer screen, because the dynamic bar goes faster in the first two and a half minutes, and almost stops at the back. I stayed there because I didn't reach the point. Many candidates feel that the time is up, so they say "I'm finished, I'm finished, I'm finished, goodbye, thank you" and then say nothing. When the time runs out, the effective speech is less than 3 minutes, and points are deducted.
(7) Don't say anything irrelevant to the exam. These three minutes can only talk about the content related to the topic, not irrelevant. For example, in order to kill the rest of the speech time, some candidates will count, read the instructions for the examination room, read the admission ticket information, and say "I'm finished, I'm finished" and so on. All points will be deducted according to invalid words.
(8) Don't say anything that is too exciting, too sad or too emotional, lest you get emotional and burst into tears, and it is difficult to continue. This will also be deducted according to the unsmooth.
Second, the test process
( 1)? Batch registration and grouping
After the candidates register, each Putonghua test station (some called the center) will be grouped according to the configuration of its own computer equipment to form a test batch to print the admission ticket. The admission ticket will list the specific time points of the candidates' test batches in detail, and candidates should arrive at the test center on time at least 30 minutes in advance.
(2) According to the batch number.
After the candidates arrive at the test center, the invigilator will call the roll according to the test batch of the candidates, so that the candidates in this batch can draw the seat number. If there are multiple examination rooms, there must be both the examination room number and the phone number.
(3) Enter the preparation room
1. Preventive measures
After entering the exam preparation room, candidates should find the computer seat number or desk number that is the same as their own seat number according to the extracted seat number. There is a sample paper exactly the same as the computer test paper on the computer or desk for candidates to review the exam content. Candidates can't fill in their names or make any marks on the sample paper, but they can take notes or notes on the paper provided by themselves or the examination room, but the notes or notes can't be brought into the examination room. When entering the examination room, candidates can only bring their ID cards and admission tickets into the examination room.
Step 2 prepare the content
Putonghua test gives each candidate 5~ 10 minutes to prepare. Candidates need to focus on the following:
First question
(1) Find out the words you don't know, look up the Putonghua proficiency test guidebook or dictionary and remember their pronunciations. Because there will be some rare words in this 100 syllable word.
(2) Find out the words in the upper tone, and remember to read the twists and turns of the upper tone (three tones), such as "Hong Kong", "Zou", "Jiong" and "Wen", but the twists and turns should be natural, and the ending should be light.
the second question
(1) Find 3~4 light words and remember, because light words are unmarked, such as "beauty", "friend" and "girl's harvest", but those with suffixes, such as "zi" and "head", read more softly, such as fool and girl, but "atom" cannot be read softly; Overlapping nouns are also pronounced softly, such as "sister", "grandmother" and "wife". Light words are light and short, which is not only lighter than the pronunciation of the previous word, but also shorter than the pronunciation length of the previous word.
(2) Find out the Er words, which are usually added at the end of +er, such as "wife", "neck (bógěngr)" and "small urn (xi m: ow è ngr)". When reading this word with "er", the pronunciation of Er should be rolled up before reading this word. This action should be done one by one.
(3) Find out that the ending word is the word with the upper sound, and remember that the ending word should also read the twists and turns of the upper sound. Similarly, this turning point should be natural, not overemphasized, and the ending should be light, such as "interview", "theater", "violation" and "development".
(4) Find out the words in light and heavy formats and memorize them. If you make mistakes in the format of light and heavy notes, you will also be deducted. In Chinese, most words are pronounced as "before" and "after", such as "preparation", "software", "lead", "noodles" and "happiness", but a few words are pronounced as "before" and "after", but this light is not light, but is abbreviated as the most important format words, such as "degree" and "happiness".
The third question?
(1) This kind of composition is found in the Guide to Putonghua Proficiency Test. The usual training is to watch it several times, so you can relax during the exam. Pay attention to the pinyin words at the back of the guide book, and don't mispronounce them.
(2) Pay attention to the pronunciation of light words. In addition to the words that must be read, many function words are also read softly, such as structural auxiliary words, dynamic auxiliary words such as this, past, directional verbs such as come and go, and plural words.
Question four?
Choose a topic and prepare an outline. Make a speech outline, list what you want to say in phrases or one or two representative words, remember what you want to say when you see this word, and then generally remember the order of the words listed in these outlines. When you arrive at the examination room, you can think and speak in this order. Try to talk about the process and details, not empty talk or big talk. Because empty talk and big talk are over, if the details and process can be developed, maybe three minutes will have arrived before you finish, and no points will be deducted. It's not that you are incomplete, but that the examination system is over.
Be careful not to appear short-lived, similar, off-topic, and invalid words, otherwise the corresponding scores will be deducted.
(1) Absence time: accumulated points will be deducted. After a topic appears on the computer screen, candidates should immediately choose one of the topics, read the topic aloud, and immediately discuss the scope of the topic given by the topic. The pause time of each sentence does not exceed 5 seconds, and the accumulated points will be deducted. If you speak for less than 30 seconds, the score of this question will be deducted completely.
(2) Similarity: Similarity means that the content of a candidate's speech is the same as or adapted from articles in online model essays, Putonghua instruction books or other books, and the same as what other candidates have said. Therefore, candidates are not allowed to use online model essays, Putonghua instruction books or articles in other books, or the contents mentioned by other candidates, otherwise they will be deducted accordingly.
(3) Off topic: refers to the theme that deviates from the topic. That is to say, question A becomes question B ... Candidates should focus on the big theme of the given topic, and there should be no deviation from the theme, otherwise the corresponding score will be deducted.
(4) Invalid discourse: refers to words or sentences irrelevant to the topic. For example, say hello to the examiner, for a few seconds, and look at the rules of the examination room. Otherwise, deduct the corresponding score. If the effective speech is less than 30 seconds, the score of this question will be deducted completely.
3. Counseling materials
The content of Putonghua test is basically the same, and all provinces and cities will issue their own test guidance books, but the basis is still the "Implementation Outline of Putonghua Proficiency Test" of the National Language Testing Center, referred to as the "new outline". Candidates can buy textbooks at the Putonghua Training and Testing Station or Putonghua Testing Center in their cities and counties. If you are a student, you can buy textbooks at the Putonghua test station in our school.
(4) Entering the examination room
1. Find a seat.
Find a computer seat with the same number as the candidate's lottery, put on headphones after sitting, and don't move the switch. The teacher has set it to "On" status. Candidates are not allowed to touch the computer and mouse, but should obey the unified command of the computer teacher and operate according to the teacher's password.
2. Register the test number.
Candidates should enter the last four digits of the test number, not the last four digits of the ID number. Because the admission ticket has both the admission ticket number and the ID number.
3. Enter the system for audition.
Read the text given on the screen aloud according to the system prompt. At that time, the provided dynamic bar of volume recognition will change from yellow to green, which is the best state. If it changes from green to red again, it is noise. If the yellow is too weak, the red and yellow systems will not recognize it, which will lead candidates to take the exam. Audition only provides two auditions, and you can take the exam only if you successfully pass the audition.
4. Enter the test paper.
The first question contains 100 words, 10 lines, one line in blue and one line in black, to avoid continuous reading. Candidates should read horizontally, not vertically, otherwise the system will not recognize it.
Question 2: 100 polysyllabic words are arranged in 7 lines, one in blue and the other in black, to prevent candidates from reading together. Candidates should read horizontally, not vertically, otherwise the system will not recognize it.
The third problem is reading aloud.
Special reminder: 1, 2 and 3 candidates do not need to wait for the blue dynamic time bar to run. Just read the content of the question and click OK to enter the next question.
Question 4: Proposition speaking
Choose one of the two questions given. Speak for three minutes until the screen jumps to another interface, and the test is over.
Leave the examination room
Candidates immediately leave the examination room with their ID cards and admission tickets. Don't make any noise when you leave. The admission ticket should be kept for use when checking the results.
If you have any questions, please consult PSC teacher Lu: JuddLv.