What is the theme of Liang Qichao's "dedication and happiness"?
First, rigorous and plump structure.
Liang Qichao's articles are called "new style" internationally. This "new style" with the style of "counselor literature", "thinking in western languages" and "clear organization" attaches great importance to systematic reasoning, and often makes a detailed explanation of a certain problem from different angles, that is, "outlining and analyzing one by one". No wonder Hu Shi said that Mr. Liang's articles ... made readers have to follow him and think with him! "Dedication and Happiness is such a well-structured and personalized article that readers can't help following him. At the beginning of the article, the theme of "dedication and happiness" was proposed. At first, I quoted two sentences from the ancient book "Book of Rites" and "Laozi" to explain the source of the topic, but it was different from the original intention and was taken out of context. This explanation can not only prevent the listener from confusing the topic with the wishes of the sentences in the Book of Rites and Laozi, but also show the scientific nature of the discussion and the interest of the speech. At the same time, the reason of the topic is put forward, which is also convenient to reveal the main points of the whole article and make the listener have a general understanding of the outline of the speech.
Although the proposition in the title only involves dedication and happiness, Liang Qichao first discusses the premise of dedication and happiness in the main part of the article: having a job. According to Liang Qichao's own words: "But you must have a job first, then you can be respectable, and the main body of coke is easy to understand." Therefore, before the text of the speech, we must first talk about the necessity of having a job. "Then, taking care of the topic, I talked about two questions:" First, be dedicated "and" Second, be happy ". Finally, the spiritual will is summarized by "responsibility" and "interest". At the end of this paragraph, "I firmly believe that the words' dedication and happiness' are the only way for human life" vividly and powerfully summarizes the center of the whole discussion.
The overall structure of the article adopts the general form of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, which is clear and comprehensive. The three sub-arguments are parallel and parallel, and the above methods are also adopted in the specific discussion process, which makes the discussion clear and rich; At the same time, Liang Qichao paid attention to the orderly arrangement of materials and the gradient development of analysis when discussing each part. When discussing "the necessity of having a job", two materials of Confucianism and Buddhism were used respectively. Specific materials and humorous language always attract the attention of the audience. When discussing the importance of "dedication", this paper first expounds what is called "respect", quotes Zhu's famous saying that "respect is when the host is at a loss", and then explains it in his own popular way: "When you do something, you will be loyal to it, and you will concentrate all your energy on it, which is respect." Then two rhetorical questions are used to solve the two gradient problems of "why" and "how" in the discussion. "Why" discusses that all just labor and serious things of human beings are respectable in essence, and illustrates them with two examples of "being a great president" and "pulling rickshaws", focusing on "all professions are respectable" and "because of one's own talents and circumstances, to do a job to the extreme is to be the first person in the world." "How to" is first quoted from Zhuangzi and expounded, and then carpenters make tables and politicians build a country, dung pickers clean toilets, and soldiers attack the city and beat the enemy. These two sets of examples show that no matter what he does, he is "never distracted" (that is, absorbed). Then it discusses the harm of "disrespect" from the opposite side, points out that "dedication is the most needed and beneficial thing in life", and quotes the famous sayings of Zhuangzi and Confucius to further emphasize the importance of dedication. The natural combination of examples and quotations makes the reasoning of the article invincible; According to the logical order of reasoning, it is divided and analyzed layer by layer. When discussing the importance of "happiness", this paper first analyzes the cases of lamenting "hard work" that are often encountered in life, and shows that it is natural to find happiness from labor. After that, I went further, immersed myself in it, with a cordial taste, strove forward, increased happiness, became more ambitious, competed for happiness, concentrated on my career, and saved myself from boredom. This is the author's experience, which is convincing. Then I quoted two famous sayings of Confucius, further proving that "life can benefit from one's own occupation" (that is, enjoying work), "life is valuable" and "this kind of life" can be regarded as "the ideal life of human beings".
Second, fluent context.
The coherence of article thinking means that no matter what article you write, you should make the thread of thinking coherent and smooth. The ancients emphasized that "literary spirit" and "cultural context" must be interlinked. Ye Shengtao said in "Learning Chinese Seriously": "Thought has a path, sentence by sentence, paragraph by paragraph, and the author of a good article will never go anywhere." In his thought of "dedication and happiness", Liang Qichao attached great importance to the ideological infiltration that reflected the internal logical power of the article, and paid more attention to the external expression of the internal logical power-tone.
"Dedication and Happiness" begins with a topic, and Liang Qichao has a mild tone when explaining the source of the words used in the topic. The word "taken out of context" shows Liang Qichao's modesty and low profile. Low-key doesn't prevent you from presenting a lofty posture. In fact, Liang Qichao knows very well how his writing is smooth and how to present ups and downs. "But I firmly believe that the word' work hard and live happily' is the only way in life." The sentence gives people the feeling that a strange peak rises from the ground, a bolt from the blue, and the gentle context is suddenly broken. The listener was suddenly awakened by this sentence.
Next, I will explain my views layer by layer. As a scholar, Liang Qichao quickly softened his tone. "Let's talk about the necessity of work first." Later, everyone used Confucian and Buddhist materials and added home-cooked explanations to get close to the listeners. Liang Qichao's story is very funny. One imitates Confucius shaking his head and sighing, and the other an old Zen master refuses to eat. Immerse the listener in the interest of the story? Don't! Conclusion Some contexts are compact and high-profile. "Don't hesitate ... it's ... it's ... it's for ..." Not only reflects the urgency and sharpness of the tone, but also shows the attitude of disgust and disdain. Qian Qian B said: "Where there is ambition, it is full of essence and energy." This rapid and sharp style of writing is the operating situation in which Liang Qichao's emotions flow in the text.
Liang Qichao is controlling his emotions. After criticizing the lazy people, he immediately turned to the next level of discussion with orderly figures and a clear view of "first, be dedicated". The following explanation is carried out step by step according to what, why and how, and there is no hurry or impatience. Liang Qichao, who has rich experience in studying abroad, absorbed the logical structure of the ideological evolution that westerners pay attention to, and melted into the contextual coherence that China people pay attention to everything, making this part of the discussion as calm and elegant as a horse. Liang Qichao skillfully used several rhetorical questions and set off a small wave in a peaceful and leisurely context. The splashing waves from time to time make people feel the playful and lively article. The conclusion of this part is naturally different from the short and sharp one in the previous part. Draw a conclusion with the conjunction "so" and quote Zhuangzi and Confucius as a supplement. The reason is that it has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and the tone is open.
"Sigh" sounded, and "Shout your voice out" also attracted the attention of the audience present. Liang Qichao's style of talking about music has changed again. Combined with the specific situation in the speech process, pay attention to the on-site communication with the audience. When the weather is free, the horse steps in dressage, and tension and rhythm, coordination and unrestrained are displayed at the same time. At this point, the article is light and lively, which makes people feel comfortable and the listener's spirit is completely relaxed. Indulgence is only temporary. Liang Qichao calmly grasped the rhythm of the article and quickly corrected his posture. "I will tell you honestly:' All careers are interesting. As long as you are willing to continue, fun will naturally happen. "Why?" It's a rhetorical question to attract readers' attention. Listen, the speaker is going to make a strategic analysis, so let's listen to him once, twice, three times and four times.
At the end of a four-sentence paragraph, six words "I" were used, three of which began with "I". "The most useful things in my life ... I always try to ... often tell these two words to my friends ... I'm sure ... I hope you can enjoy them with me!" Liang Qichao made it clear that he didn't want to impose his views on others, but his serious attitude should be felt by the audience. However, he lowered his posture again, and the neutral and sincere tone came from his true nature, which he found everywhere. At this point, the head and tail are consistent, the structure is rigorous, and the context is connected.
Third, the elegance and vulgarity of language.
Liang Qichao's prose creation is to enlighten the people, so he advocates the consistency of words and characters, and the language is easy to understand, thus forming an approachable style of writing. Facing the students of Shanghai China Vocational School, he is kind and easy-going. However, Liang Qichao is a scholar with a profound ancient cultural background, and his simplicity is actually the inheritance and development of the view that language should naturally and smoothly express ideas rather than bind them since the Song Dynasty. He is full of sincere and enthusiastic feelings and adopts free forms of expression. The biggest feature of the language embodied in this speech is to freely use the language that appeals to both refined and popular tastes in an approachable style.
At the beginning of his speech, Liang Qichao quoted the proverbs in the Confucian classic Book of Rites and the Taoist classic Laozi, which were familiar to people around him, and put forward the center of "dedication and work". When discussing "having a job", Confucius said: "It's hard to eat all day without any intention!" "It is difficult to live in groups all day, but it is not as good as words and kindness!" The famous saying and motto of Zen master Baizhang is "Don't do it for a day, don't eat it for a day". When discussing "dedication", Zhu's view that "nothing is right for the host is respect" has been recognized and put forward by the author. In addition, Zeng Guofan's "Sitting on this mountain and looking at that mountain, nothing can be achieved", Zhuangzi's "focusing on God regardless of ambition" and Confucius's "standing still and unwilling to cross the line" are cited as the conclusion of the author's "dedication". When discussing "happiness", Confucius said that "those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy" and "He is also a human being, who forgets food when he is angry, forgets his worries when he is happy, and doesn't know how to get old". Quoting aphorisms adds elegance to the speech and strengthens the persuasiveness of the argument.
The elegance of the speech is not only reflected in a large number of quotations and aphorisms, but also in many logical sentences.
"Whether what I said is consistent with the original intention of the Book of Rites and Laozi, there is no need to delve into it; But I firmly believe that the word' dedication' is the only way in life. " The purpose of explaining the source of the title is to explain that although the title comes from two sentences in ancient books, it has different meanings from the original text, so that the listener can avoid confusing the title with the original intention of the sentences in Laozi and Book of Rites. The turning conjunction "Dan" is used in the latter sentence to highlight the focus of the sentence, and the "affirmation" in the latter sentence emphasizes the point of view.
"The main focus of this topic is naturally the words' respect' and' music'. But you must have a job first, and then you will have a respectable and cola theme, which is easy to understand. Therefore, before reading the speech, we must first talk about the necessity of having a job. " The word "Dan" highlights that "karma" is the premise and foundation of "respect" and "music" Without it, there is no way to talk about "respect" and "music", so the word "so" is used conveniently.
"It can be seen that all the problems in life have medicine. Only the unemployed, although the Great Sage touched him, can't help it. " "Wei" and "although" use ancient meanings, which are interpreted as "only" and "even if" in modern Chinese, and "to have a job" is inferred from the opposite side. After all, speech is the art of spoken language, and Liang Qichao paid attention to using popular spoken language to explain when quoting ancient famous sayings. For example, the explanation of "if the Lord is uncomfortable, he will be respectful": "In the present words, if you do something, you must be loyal to it and concentrate all your energy on it, you must be respectful." Another example is the explanation that "although there are many things in the world, I only know them for myself": "Anyone who does one thing will regard it as my life, and no matter what other interests, he will not sacrifice what I am doing to exchange with him."
When the author quotes the famous sayings of ancient books, he often explains them in popular words, such as Confucius' two words, "It's hard to eat all day long without intention!" "It is difficult to live in groups all day, but it is not as good as words and kindness!" He gave a vivid and interesting explanation: "Confucius is an educator, and there is no untaught person in his mind." He shook his head, sighed at these two people and said,' Difficult! "difficult!" It can be seen that all the problems in life can be cured by medicine, except the unemployed. Although the Great Sage touched him, there is nothing he can do. He also made a popular explanation of "nothing is right": "In the present words, if you do something, you are loyal to it, and if you concentrate all your energy on it, you are respectful to it."
Some words are even more familiar. For example, when telling the story of Zen master Baizhang, he said, "This old Zen master who cares about his words and deeds is honest and impolite, and he absolutely refused to eat that day." Another example: "From the moment of birth to the second of death, you can't put your limbs and five senses aside except sleeping."
Although Liang Qichao is a celebrity, he tries hard to prove his existence value in "awareness of the world" and consciously wants to communicate with readers. Try to lean down and communicate with the audience when you speak. For example, "on a hot day today, I shouted my voice out here, and all of you listened with your ears straight, and some people looked at us so hard;" Conversely, if we go gambling and drinking, aren't we struggling? "At the end of the speech," I hope you can enjoy it with me "is a direct spiritual appeal to the audience.
Listening to Liang Qichao's words "clear-cut, often emotional, unique to readers", I feel respect for what I am doing now. No matter how turbulent the nameless tide of society is, it cannot prevent a person from freely living a life that is more in line with the lessons of the sages and ordinary and noble ethical connotations. I am willing to listen to the teacher's teaching and find pleasure in doing things, so as to achieve the state of "being happy and forgetting my worries", instead of frowning and complaining.