How should coins be stored?
In China, collecting coins has a long history. Since the reform and opening up, the popular collection of coins in the world is in the ascendant, and its status as the main collection has been recognized by more and more collectors. Due to the lack of knowledge introduction, communication and media publicity, some collectors are at a loss about the storage of coins. It is often seen that many refined coins (proofs) were originally packed in airtight plastic, shining like mirrors, but what can be seen in the market is that they have been sealed and the mirror of the coins has disappeared, but there are many fingerprints or scratches. Some coins have been scarred beyond recognition after a period of exchange in the market. Although the coin is made of metal and has a certain hardness, it looks less likely to be damaged. In fact, it is not easy to store coins. The appearance of coins is divided into 70 grades according to American standards. The correct storage method should slow down or stop the corrosion process of coins, so as not to cause serious injury, and try to maintain the original appearance level.
Improper storage, often only scratches or black spots the size of needle holes can be seen by adding a magnifying glass, will make coins drop by more than one grade, and a coin with a grade difference of hundreds or even thousands of dollars in Klaus standard coin catalogue is by no means an individual. Storing coins correctly can not only protect your collection, but also protect your assets. On the other hand, it is also a good historical heritage for the next generation of society.
In order to store coins, let's start with the deterioration of appearance. The corrosion process of coins depends on the following factors: chemical stability (composition) of coin materials, materials in contact with coins for packaging, atmospheric conditions for storing coins and contact observation of coins. Generally speaking, gold is more resistant to corrosion than silver; Silver is more resistant to corrosion than copper; Metals such as zinc, aluminum and iron are easily corroded. For alloys, sometimes it depends on metals with more active chemical properties, such as pure gold, which has better stability. When copper is added to gold to form an alloy, coins are prone to black spots. But brass (copper-zinc alloy) is more corrosion-resistant than pure copper in the atmosphere. PVC in packaging materials is harmful to coins. At room temperature, PVC will gradually precipitate plasticizer to corrode coins, which will cause irreparable losses. We should pay enough attention to this, especially copper and copper alloy coins. In foreign countries, the harm of using PVC has been widely recognized as early as the early 1980 s, and this material has been eliminated in the packaging of coins and replaced by polyethylene. Water vapor, sulfide, carbon dioxide and other substances in the air are also very harmful to coins. For example, sulfur reacts with silver to produce silver sulfide, which turns the surface of silver coins gray and black. Moisture in the air will also accelerate the oxidation process of coins. In the process of appreciation, touch the bare coin with your hand and let the sweat leave fingerprints on the coin; Saliva and dust in the air fall on coins, and these attachments will accelerate the corrosion process of coins.
If you want to store coins well, you must first choose a good packaging method, which is not only convenient for viewing, but also conducive to protecting coins, depending on your personal situation. Optional packaging includes plastic boxes other than PVC, polyester film circular hole paper clips, polyester film bags, paper bags and so on. Optional materials are polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester film. For the convenience of appreciation, it can also be put into the coin collection book on the basis of transparent packaging. The key is that you can't choose materials containing PVC to package and store coins, and its harm can't be underestimated. In order to isolate the air, there are generally two methods: closed and vacuum packaging. Air tightness refers to isolating the air, not pumping out the air in the package. Vacuum packaging will bring the packaging material into close contact with the coin surface, which may also damage the coin. Packaging adopts thermoplastic compression or ultrasonic welding, which has not been popularized. Generally, it is only used to package new coins of mint and graded coins of rating agencies. The easiest way to isolate the air is to soak coins in anhydrous alcohol. The disadvantage of this method is not easy to see, but the effect is good. Coins should be stored in a ventilated, clean and dry place.
Generally speaking, don't play with bare coins directly, especially don't touch refined coins, UNC or advanced coins. The place where the hand touches the coin must be the first place to corrode and turn black. If you really want to take and put coins, separate the edges of the coins with clean soft paper or cloth.
Coins generally don't need to be cleaned, especially they can't be wiped with ordinary rubber or glass fiber wiping rods sold in the market, which will scratch the surface of coins. If there is green mucus on the surface of the coin after packaging with harmful substances, it can be cleaned with anhydrous alcohol. For stains and fingerprints on coins, alcohol can also be used to clean them, which is effective for new traces and can prevent further erosion of coins by stains and fingerprints. For the old traces, if necessary, the sand-free high-grade wire drawing glue can be used for moderate wiping. For coins with large dirt and especially dirty, ultrasonic cleaning machine can be used if conditions permit, and alcohol should be used as cleaning liquid at this time. Coins should be suspended in the cleaning solution with mesh bags to prevent coins from directly contacting the inner wall of the cleaning machine and causing damage, because mechanical vibration of the inner wall and collision of coins will damage coins. This will remove dirt without scraping coins. It should be noted that cleaning can not improve the grade of coins, but is beneficial to viewing (removing excess substances attached to coins). The grade of a coin depends only on the degree of wear and tear of the coin itself.
In order to better store coins, we look forward to the progress of science and technology and the popularization of tools and means, so that storing coins can be liberated from an endless annoying work.
Storage of paper money
Paper money should be put in plastic bags made of PVC, and it is PVCJUYI that has passed international inspection. If the quality of PVC plastic bags is not up to standard, paper money will darken and change color when placed inside. When reading, you must pick up the paper money with tweezers to avoid the injury of sweat stains on your hands.
There are many things that need to be paid attention to in the storage of paper money, which can be summarized as four precautions, namely, preventing "mildew", "folding", "moth" and "fading"
The key to mildew prevention is moistureproof, which is especially important in southern and coastal areas. The key point of moistureproof is the temperature and humidity of paper money. The optimum indoor temperature for paper money storage is 18 to 20 degrees, and the humidity (relative humidity) is 50 to 60 degrees. Try not to dispose of the collection in the hot and humid environment in summer. Generally speaking, old paper money is more prone to mildew than new paper money. Once moldy, you can gently wipe it with soft paper and cloth. For paper money with serious mildew, you can soak it in fresh milk, soak it in a little salt for one hour, then take it out, rinse it with clear water and blot it with absorbent paper. When it is slightly wet, I will put the paper money flat in a white book and flatten it with a heavy object.
"Folding" means folding up new bills. Don't touch or twist them with your hands. Because there is oil and sweat on your hands, it is easy to pollute the surface of coins. Use a camera when looking at pictures, and it's best to put paper money in the coin collection book. For paper money with a light Microsoft fold, put it flat in the book, press a heavy object, and it will be flat in a few days. However, banknotes with obvious hard folds are generally dirty and can be washed and dried with clear water. Don't wash paper money printed on tissue paper, because it will easily damage the printed surface and make it blurred. For uneven paper money, avoid ironing with an electric iron, because it is easy to hurt the paper.
"Insect-eaten", that is, to prevent insect-eaten, focuses on keeping paper money dry and ventilated. For banknotes that have been stored for a long time, they should be read regularly every year. One is to play the role of ventilation, and the other is to check whether the collection has changed. Never pile up paper money with newspapers, books and other sundries. Worm-eaten paper money should be framed and repaired.
"Fade" means fade. The key to prevent paper money from fading is to avoid paper money being exposed to the sun. Paper money will fade in different degrees after being stored for a long time, which is directly related to the quality of paper money and ink. Paper money should not be washed with alkaline or acidic liquid, otherwise it will fade easily. Generally, paper money should not be put in glass paper bags, and it is easy to fade. Once the paper money fades, it is irreversible.
What container should I use to collect coins (banknotes, coins)? How to store it? Coin collection book or positioning book.
Coin collection book is a kind of pamphlet specially used for coin collection. Generally, loose-leaf paper design is adopted, with a size of about 32 pages, and each page has a variety of different specifications. Most of them are 4×5 or 4×6 layouts, and the size of each grid is basically the same as that of the current 1 yuan coin. In addition, in order to adapt to the larger coin collection, there are also 3×4 or even 2×3 specifications, and you can put down a "Yuan Datou" with a face value of one yuan.
Positioning books are used for special collections. For example, in order to collect China's "commemorative coins", there are many different designs in the special positioning book.
Of course, friends who play with coins often have many ordinary coins besides collecting them. If necessary, you can ask your friends in the bank for that special coin box, which is designed to be 100 according to different face values, which is more convenient to use.
An important issue of RMB collection is collection and nursing. If the collection is not properly kept, the quality of the RMB collection will be reduced or damaged, which will make the collector suffer irreparable mental and economic losses. In order to ensure the appearance of RMB banknotes in the process of collection, we must pay attention to four precautions:
1. mildewproof. The key to mildew prevention is moistureproof, which is especially important in southern and coastal areas, and the key to moistureproof is the temperature and humidity of banknote storage. According to experts' analysis, the best indoor temperature for paper money storage is 18-20℃ and the best humidity is 50-60%. Therefore, when cleaning paper money, try not to do it in a high temperature or humid environment. In the rainy season in summer, it is best to put the paper money vertically on the table in a fan shape every once in a while and blow it with a hair dryer for a while, so as to dehumidify and prevent mildew. Generally speaking, old paper money is more prone to mildew than new paper money. Once moldy, you can gently wipe it with soft paper or cloth. For paper money with serious mildew, you can soak it in fresh milk, then soak it in a little salt for one hour, then take it out, rinse it with clear water, and then blot it with absorbent paper. When it is slightly wet, it will put the paper money flat in a blank book, hold it down with heavy objects, and let it dry naturally in the shade.
2. Anti-folding pollution. When storing or appreciating brand-new paper money, it is best to use tweezers, not to touch, twist or hold it directly, because there is oil sweat on your hands, which is easy to pollute your face. It's best to put the paper money in a special transparent film bag and then put it in the collection book. For paper money with a light Microsoft fold, put it flat in the book, press a heavy object, and it will be flat in a few days. However, paper money with obvious hard folding is generally dirty, so it can be put in water 10 to 20 minutes, then taken out and placed between two pieces of absorbent paper, pressed with glass, and dried to remove wrinkles. Don't wash paper money printed on tissue paper with water, because it is easy to damage the face and blur it. For uneven paper money, avoid ironing with electric bucket, because it is easy to damage paper money. Some collectors use potassium permanganate diluent to clean the folded paper money, which will make the paper money clean at that time, but after a period of time, the paper money will fade and change color. Others are glued to the back of cracked banknotes with transparent tape. After a long time, the scotch tape will turn yellow and harden, and it will also damage the face.
Renminbi banknotes will get dirty for various reasons. In this case, different methods should be taken according to the different properties of dirt. When paper money is stained with red ink, it can be soaked in rice soup with a little alcohol for 10 minute, and the stain will be removed immediately; When paper money is stained with blue ink, baking soda and bleaching powder can be dissolved in water in equal amounts, and paper money can be put into the ink, that is, 5. When the paper money is stained with black ink, it can be soaked in warm water with refined salt for about 15 minutes. If the ink is difficult to remove, a little milk can be added to the refined brine and heated to 30℃ to 40℃, and the ink can be completely removed. When the paper money is stained with fingerprints or other dirt, the absorbent cotton ball can be dipped in a little soapy water to gently wipe the dirt, and the direction of the cotton ball can be changed while rubbing until the dirt is completely removed; When there are oil stains such as printing oil on paper money, dip cotton in a little gasoline or alcohol and constantly change directions and gently scrub it. After washing, put it on absorbent paper and blot it dry. When there are wax marks or animal and vegetable oil stains on the paper money, you can put the paper money between two pieces of absorbent paper and iron it with an electric iron to remove the stains. When paper money is accidentally stained with muddy water, wipe it gently first, and then put it into rice paper to suck it dry. After drying, use an eraser to remove mud.
3. Prevent insects from eating. The key to avoid moth-eaten is to keep paper money dry and ventilated. For long-term storage of banknotes, it is necessary to read them regularly, which can not only play a role in ventilation, but also check whether the banknotes have changed; For moth-eaten banknotes, the edges should be removed in time. Of course, we should also pay attention to prevent rats from biting paper money, especially in areas where rats are seriously damaged. This requires that paper money cannot be stored with paper products or cotton products such as newspapers and books. One is fire prevention, and the other is to prevent it from becoming a good meal for mice.
4. Anti-fading. The key to prevent paper money from fading is to avoid paper money being exposed to the sun. Paper money will fade in different degrees after being stored for a long time, which is directly related to the quality of paper and ink. Paper money should not be washed with alkaline or acidic liquids, otherwise it will lead to fading. Once paper money fades, it is often irreversible.
5. Fire prevention. It is particularly important to pay attention to the fire prevention of paper money. Generally speaking, paper money should be stored away from fire sources and power sources, and should not be put together with inflammable and explosive materials, so that in case of fire, there will be relatively ample time for rescue. You'd better keep it in the safe.
If you want to store coins well, you must first choose a good packaging method, which is not only convenient for viewing, but also conducive to protecting coins, depending on your personal situation. Optional packaging includes plastic boxes other than PVC, polyester film circular hole paper clips, polyester film bags, paper bags and so on. Optional materials are polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester film. For the convenience of appreciation, it can also be put into the coin collection book on the basis of transparent packaging. The key is that you can't choose materials containing PVC to package and store coins, and its harm can't be underestimated. In order to isolate the air, there are generally two methods: closed and vacuum packaging. Air tightness refers to isolating the air, not pumping out the air in the package. Vacuum packaging will bring the packaging material into close contact with the coin surface, which may also damage the coin. Packaging adopts thermoplastic compression or ultrasonic welding, which has not been popularized. Generally, it is only used to package new coins of mint and graded coins of rating agencies. The easiest way to isolate the air is to soak coins in anhydrous alcohol. The disadvantage of this method is not easy to see, but the effect is good. Coins should be stored in a ventilated, clean and dry place.
Generally speaking, don't play with bare coins directly, especially don't touch refined coins, UNC or advanced coins. The place where the hand touches the coin must be the first place to corrode and turn black. If you really want to take and put coins, separate the edges of the coins with clean soft paper or cloth. Coins generally don't need to be cleaned, especially they can't be wiped with ordinary rubber or glass fiber wiping rods sold in the market, which will scratch the surface of coins. If there is green mucus on the surface of the coin after packaging with harmful substances, it can be cleaned with anhydrous alcohol. For stains and fingerprints on coins, alcohol can also be used to clean them, which is effective for new traces and can prevent further erosion of coins by stains and fingerprints. For the old traces, if necessary, the sand-free high-grade wire drawing glue can be used for moderate wiping. For coins with large dirt and especially dirty, ultrasonic cleaning machine can be used if conditions permit, and alcohol should be used as cleaning liquid at this time. Coins should be suspended in the cleaning solution with mesh bags to prevent coins from directly contacting the inner wall of the cleaning machine and causing damage, because mechanical vibration of the inner wall and collision of coins will damage coins. This will remove dirt without scraping coins. It should be noted that cleaning can not improve the grade of coins, but is beneficial to viewing (removing excess substances attached to coins). The grade of a coin depends only on the degree of wear and tear of the coin itself.
Excuse me, what container should I use to collect coins (banknotes and coins)? How to store it? Gold coins: Because gold is not easy to oxidize, it is easier to preserve. But when identifying gold coins, if you use fire, you should use a windproof lighter, because the flame of windproof lighter is different from that of ordinary lighters, which can not only detect whether it is real gold, but also reduce the damage to coins.
Silver coins: coins made of this material are very easy to oxidize and turn black and yellow. Some investors like to wash silver coins with toothpaste, but tiny particles in toothpaste can scratch coins. It is suggested that silver oxide silver coins should be washed with silver washing water.
Nickel: easy to store, and the material is more antioxidant.
Copper coins: the most difficult to preserve, easy to oxidize and blacken. If you hide it in a plastic bag, it will turn green easily. Therefore, when storing copper coins, wrap them in kraft paper, put them in a ventilated place, and update the kraft paper in time.
Paper money: the collected paper money should be stored in PVC plastic bags, and it is PVCJUYI that has passed international inspection. If the quality of PVC plastic bags is not up to standard, paper money will turn black and discolor when placed inside. When reading, you must pick up the paper money with tweezers to avoid the injury of sweat stains on your hands.
Coin collection: which coins should be collected with small circulation, high social recognition and large room for appreciation in the future.
How to collect coins? First, clarify the purpose of collection, learn the relevant knowledge of coin collection, and learn guidance from knowledgeable masters (history, currency history, casting technology, coin preservation, coin atlas, magazines, etc.). ). For example: 1, collect calligraphy money of past dynasties: imperial money, celebrity money, money, stars, monthly money, spending money, etc. 2. Collect value-added money: buy small, medium and small ancient money, which I estimate will increase in value. The same is true of paper money.
How to maintain the RMB collection? Money maintenance skills. Paper money collection is life!
What you are talking about is basically the category of junk tickets for books. Many professional coin dealers make a living by flipping through old and new coin matching books. No one will want to teach you this, so don't learn it. This is a very deceptive technology.
The question of how to collect coins is too general to answer, so it is better to have a clear direction. Like paper money? Coins? Modern coins? Ancient coins? Copper coins? Silver coins? Precious metal coins? 、、、、、、
How to collect and store coins is not a professional answer. I just collect foreign coins. Don't use that cheap plastic film to store it ~ because it has a strong corrosive effect on coins, and a layer of greasy things will grow on the surface of coins over time ... don't wash them. Your so-called washing is to brush off the oxidized substances on the surface with a special glass brush, which will feel shiny for a while and change back after a long time. It is also harmful to coins ~ if you just play around, it is recommended to store it in a dry box with desiccant in it. If you really want to play this game, I suggest you buy German lighthouse series coin collection books, world-famous professional collection books ~ but more expensive. ...
How to collect coins? Due to the downward adjustment of bank deposit interest rate, the coin market is booming, and the coin collection team is also growing. So, how to collect coins?
1. Learn and master the basic knowledge about coins.
Only by mastering certain knowledge and information of coins can we determine the collection scope of coins and carry out classified and focused collection. When buying in the market, only by understanding its historical background and value can we know whether the asking price of coins is reasonable, identify the authenticity and prevent being cheated.
2. The ancient money is rich and colorful, and the category is good.
First, choose from time. Coins with a long history or short titles, such as Kaiping Bao Tong and Tiancheng Yuanbao in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, are priceless, and the exotic Bao Tong in the Qing Dynasty, commonly known as "short-lived money", is also quite precious.
Second, choose from the amount of casting and survival. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia owned the Central Plains, and coins were scarce, which was very rare.
Third, choose from the cast materials. Red copper coins are mostly top grade, white copper coins are mostly mother money or modern mechanism money, while Ming gold coins in Qing Dynasty are mostly fine.
Fourth, choose from the shape of the coin. Trouser cloth, knife shape, waist tag, square hole ellipse, round hole money and other grotesque shapes are very valuable.
Fifth, choose from currency endorsement. Seal script, official script, cursive script, thin gold body, sun and moon nebula and endorsed Chinese characters are all worth collecting. In addition, the wrong card combination is also rare.
3. RMB collection, focusing on treasures
First, use exquisite plate-making technology to collect RMB. In the third set of RMB issued in China, there is a 5 yuan coupon, which shows that the steelworkers are concentrating on steelmaking, the figures are lifelike, the whole pattern is carved smoothly, and the lines are vivid and powerful. It is recognized by the international banknote printing community as a fine product and a good collection of banknotes.
Second, collect RMB that is hard to find in market circulation. 1 948 65438+February1,China issued the first set of RMB, 12 denomination, 62nd edition; 1 1 denomination 13 The second set of RMB was issued on March 1955. At present, it has stopped circulating, and the market is extremely scarce, making it a treasure in the coin collection market.
Third, collect RMB with rare face value. The second set of RMB issued on March 1955 and 1 day, with Jinggangshan on the front and dark ternary coupons in Chinese, Uygur, Mongolian and Tibetan on the back. This is the only RMB with a face value of three yuan among the four sets of RMB issued in China before and after. It was printed by the former Soviet Union. This RMB was recovered on April 1964, and stopped being exchanged for circulation on May 15 of the same year, which is very rare in the world.
4. Commemorative coin collection, focusing on the circulation of products. Commemorative coins are issued for a short time, and their face value is equivalent to that of RMB. Its value lies not in the value of cultural relics and monetary materials, but in handicrafts and commemorative significance. Due to the small circulation and exquisite shape of commemorative coins, and the increasing demand of the coin collection army, the commemorative coins are worth a hundred times. It is important to pay attention to the appearance of commemorative coins. The better the appearance, the higher the price and the faster the value-added speed. If there are signs of wear or circulation, the value of commemorative coins will be much lower. It is best not to collect commemorative coins with unclear words and patterns and serious bumps.