Contents of Zhu Tan's Tomb

The tomb of Zhu Tan, the historical king of Lu, is located at the southern foot of Jiulong Mountain, 12 kilometers northeast of Zoucheng. It is surrounded by red walls and surrounded by pines and cypresses. It is a place for burying and offering sacrifices to Zhu Tan. According to Ming History, Zhu Tan, the tenth son of Ming Taizu, was born in Hongwu three years (137). Born two months ago, he was named King Lu. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu (1385), when he was 15 years old, he became a vassal in Yanzhou, governing four states and twenty-three counties. Zhu Tan's "humble corporal, knowledgeable, courteous and good at poetry" was very popular with Zhu Yuanzhang. However, after living in Lu Wangfu, Yanzhou, he went astray, believed in Taoism, burned incense and chanted scriptures all day long, burned "elixir", and hoped for immortality. As a result, he was only 19 years old. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry when he learned that his behavior was really absurd, so he gave him an evil name, "the king of famine."

The tomb of the King of Luhuang in the Ming Dynasty has been excavated without theft, and after cleaning, more than 1,1 relics have been unearthed. Among them, the precious cultural relics are woven gold satin robes, nine crowns, nine-seam leather shoes (biàn, a hat worn by ancient men), "Treasure of Luwang" gilded wooden seals, gold-inlaid jade-carved jade belts, and "Tianfeng Haitao" in the Tang Dynasty.

Choosing a treasure trove of geomantic omen spared no expense in human and financial resources, and built this grand mausoleum for it. The barren tomb is backed by Jiulong Mountain (the first peak of Jiulong Mountain, so-called "dragon head", also known as "Xuanwu"), with Wohu Mountain in the east, Yuquan Mountain in the west (also known as "Qinglong" and "White Tiger"), and Zhuque Mountain in the south, which is far away from each other. "Book of Rites, Quli Shang": "Zhu bird before departure and then Xuanwu". There is White Horse Spring, the source of Baima River. The cemetery is commanding, facing the sun and facing the water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with lush trees and picturesque scenery. It is not only a scenic spot on earth, but also a typical Ming Dynasty prince cemetery. The mausoleum originally covered an area of 7, square meters, with a grand scale and solemn momentum, and was divided into two parts: the cemetery and the underground palace. Cemetery: The mausoleum divides the inner city from the outer city, and is built with inner and outer moats. The first entrance to Shinto is the Wumaomen, in front of which is a single arch stone bridge, named "Imperial Bridge". The stone bridge baffle is decorated with carved patterns such as Aquarius Ganoderma lucidum. The east and west sides of the bridge are both white horse Er Quan and spring water Ming Che, which do not dry up all the year round, and are called "Longquan". Crossing the Imperial Bridge is the inner city gate. The inner city is divided into two courtyards, the red wall around the ring is 3.7 meters high and .7 meters wide, which is an ice tray eaves masonry structure. The cemetery is divided into two courtyards, with strict layout and elegant and rich architecture. There are three south gates, the middle gate is high, the side gate is slightly short, and they are side by side, which is a door-hole type bucket arch building. Carved beams and painted buildings, colorful, with double eaves and arches, are flying in the sky, and the Chinese Gate Square has three gold-plated characters on its forehead, "The Tomb of the Wasted King". The second door and the south gate are located on the same axis, which is a four-column and three-story cornice building. At the back, there is the Enjoy Hall, which has seven rows of temples, rests on the mountain and flies over the eaves. It was the temple dedicated to Zhu Tan, the king of Lu. It is said that there were turrets on the four corners of the inner city wall.

underground palace: the back door of the cemetery is the Fangcheng minglou, which is an important symbol of the underground palace. Fangcheng is 7.2 meters high and is surrounded by a 2.7-meter-wide cloister for visitors to enjoy the scenery of the mausoleum. There is a Ming building on Fangcheng, which is a rest-hill-style cornice and arch-fighting building with magnificent momentum. Behind Fangcheng is the underground palace. The underground palace is 26 meters deep from the surface of the earth, and consists of three parts: the tomb entrance, the front room and the back room. It is carved and expanded by the mountain, and the room is built with blue bricks, and the top is tall and sealed with soil. There are two stone gates in the underground palace, with a total length of more than 5 meters, and three retaining walls made of lime and glutinous rice juice. In front of the tomb is an 8.86-meter-high earth-sealing wall, and behind it is a red diamond wall with a height of 8.2 meters and a width of 5.35 meters, and the wall is decorated with green glazed tiles and kissing animals. The first door is located in the tunnel 1.5 meters into the entrance of the cave, and it is a double-leaf pivot. The doors are made of huge stones, with a height of 2.4 meters, a width of 1.3 meters and a thickness of .18-.2 meters. Each door weighs about 2 tons, and the door hinges are inlaid with alloy copper sleeves weighing about 15 kilograms. The front of the door is carved with nine rows of vertical and horizontal doornails and an iron-plated head ring. The stone gate is painted with red paint and nailed with gold. Today, 6 years later, the color is still very bright. This first door is the front room, which is of arch-coupon brick structure and polished square brick floor. It is 8.25 meters long from north to south, 5.25 meters wide from east to west and 4 meters high, which is the east-west voucher roof. The tomb building is grand in scale, tall and spacious, firm and tight, waterproof and unique in architectural art. There is a large porcelain jar in the middle of the front, with a diameter of 1.7 meters, and it is filled with iron wick seat and soybean oil, which is called the ever-burning lamp, also called the eternal lamp. There is a scarlet imperial case in the middle of the back, on which three treasure boxes are placed. Gold seal of "Treasure of the King of Lu" with wooden stamp inside. There is also a huge group of painted wooden figurines buried indoors, with 432 pieces, namely ceremonial figurines and musical figurines. The wooden figurines are exquisitely carved, succinct in knife cutting and different in manner. They are armed with all kinds of ceremonial and musical instruments, among which there are civil servants standing hand in hand and tall guards. What is particularly striking is a tall horse, standing with its head held high, which is the most robust, fat and gorgeous of the 24 horses unearthed. The second stone gate is basically the same as the front door, and there is a tunnel between the two rooms. The back room is a coffin room, which is 8.2 meters long from east to west, 5.45 meters wide from north to south and 5.5 meters high. There is a sumitomo coffin bed in the middle, which is 3.85 meters from north to south, 3.1 meters from east to west and .5 meters high. The lacquer nanmu coffin is placed on the coffin bed. In the coffin, Zhu Tan wore a dragon robe, a jade belt around her waist, a gold hairpin on her head, and 19 pieces of money under her body. There are two wooden tables and two gold-painted wooden boxes on each side of the coffin bed. The box contains crowns, robes, boots, clothes, hats, jade laurels, jade belts and toiletries. There are Four Treasures of the Study, piano, chess, poems and paintings on the table. There are funeral plaques on the east and west walls side by side. Other funerary objects are small funerary objects and porcelain made of wood, bamboo, copper and tin.

Precious cultural relics unearthed: More than 1,1 pieces of various cultural relics unearthed from Zhutan Tomb are basically well preserved. The excavation of these rich and precious cultural relics provides extremely valuable information for the study of social politics, economy, culture, official system, clothing, textiles, calligraphy and painting in the early Ming Dynasty. The cultural relics of Zhutan Tomb were exhibited in Beijing and Japan, which aroused great interest.

A large number of funerary objects unearthed can be roughly divided into crown clothes, ceremonial ceremonies, furniture, and Four Treasures of the Study, Qin, Qi, calligraphy and painting, among which the most prominent one is the "crown". This crown is 18 cm high, 49.4 cm long and 3 cm wide. It is made of rattan, inlaid with gold rings, Phnom Penh, and plum blossoms on both sides of the crown, and it is pierced with a gold hairpin. Nine colors of jade beads are red, white, blue, yellow and black. It embodies the noble position of Zhu Tan, the king of Lu. Unearthed robes, clothes and so on, include gold woven dragon robes with narrow sleeves, medium-yarn single robes and cross-neck dark-flower moire robes. The brocade patterns are very beautiful, and most of them are woven with gold thread. The dragon robe was worn by Zhu Tan on the day of the ceremony. It is 1.3 meters long and the sleeves are about 1.1 meters long. It has narrow sleeves and beige color. The shoulders and chest back are embroidered with gold woven dragon moire. The sleeves and knee columns are decorated with three groups of nine lines of flowers and plants in Long Yun and the lower part of the chest. The patterns are colorful and have important reference value for understanding and studying the silk fabrics of the Ming Dynasty. Jade products account for a large proportion of unearthed cultural relics, including a jade belt, which is moist and beautifully carved. It is composed of 25 sections of suet jade, inlaid with gold pieces and carved with a wisp of empty ganoderma lucidum pattern. The first three sections are inlaid with a sapphire, two smaller sapphires, twelve rubies, eight pearls, six turquoise, two rectangular fluorites (green and pink respectively), an emerald and a rare cat's eye gem, with a total of 33 gems of various colors. Its superb craftsmanship is really rare. In addition, there is a white glazed Yunlong pattern jar with a diameter of 24.4 cm, a bottom diameter of 21.2 cm and a height of 37.5 cm. Round lips, straight mouth, round belly and flat bottom. The carcass is heavy, and the whole body is painted with bluish white glaze. The cover is in the shape of an inverted lotus leaf, with clear veins and orb buttons. The abdomen is carved with dark double dragon patterns, and the heads are held high in the clouds, and the dragon patterns are decorated with grass patterns at intervals. When unearthed, the jar contained pears, dates, meat, rice, eggs and vegetable leaves. And two jade guis made of jasper and suet jade, as well as jade inkstone, Yu Pei, jade pen holder and so on. Judging from the craft level of these jades, it fully embodies the superb skills and intelligence of the working people in ancient China. "Tianfeng Haitao" piano. Made of paulownia wood, the piano body is painted black, cracked like a snake, and the seal script "Tianfeng Haitao" is engraved on the back. There are two * * * grooves in the belly of the piano: Dragon Pool and Phoenix Marsh. In Longchi, there are two lines of inscriptions: "Shengsong Longxing Jiashen Koukou, Datang Leiwei Qinqi". Lei Wei was a master of Qin-making in the Tang Dynasty, and he was famous for his skill in making snake-shaped Qin. Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "The guqin snake is priceless, and the fish-gut sword has a spirit." It can be seen that the snake-snake piano made by Lei Wei is really a treasure handed down from ancient times in the Ming Dynasty. Song sunflower butterfly fan. It is 24.3 cm high and 25.5 cm wide. The silk edition and gold powder are colored, with the seal of "Imperial Women's Book" on the top of the painting, and the seal of "Si Yin" on the bottom left. On the back, there is a gold inscription on the sunflower fan by Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou: "The White Dew is only in August, and the purple leaves are bleak." The yellow flowers are cold and unattended, and they fall in love with the sunset alone. Paper book. It is 42 cm high and 9.3 cm long. It has money from a seven-character poem: "The Yaochi Bai Yuhua is swaying, and Qingdao is quiet; You don't drink and carry a staff, but you remember the fragrance with the moonlight. " Qian Xuan was born in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. He is good at painting landscapes, flowers and birds, and is one of the eight handsome men in the painting field in the early Yuan Dynasty. The excavation of these ancient paintings in Song and Yuan Dynasties provides valuable information for the study of ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy. The funerary objects also include 21 volumes of 7 kinds of books. There are Zhuzi's Biography of Chua's Collection, Biography of Hu Wending's Gong in the Spring and Autumn Period, Notes on Four Books, Notes on the Annotations of Shaowei's Family School, Collected Works of Mr. Changli of Zhu Wengong School, and History of Du Gongbu's Poetry with a Thousand Annotations by Huang's Family. These Song and Yuan editions have been handed down from ancient times, and some of them are rare books in China, which are really treasures.

In order to show their status and honor, emperors in China advocated "burial with filial piety" and spared no effort to build huge tombs. The construction of Zhutan Cemetery was actually a huge systematic project at that time. Only digging stones to expand, filling and sealing soil, the amount of earth and stone used is about 2 thousand cubic meters This ancient architectural complex with a history of more than 6 years fully demonstrates the wisdom and strength of the ancient working people.

from the spring of p>197 to 1971, archaeologists from Shandong province, Jining area and Zouxian county, with the cooperation of relevant departments, excavated the underground palace of Huangwangling, and unearthed more than 1,3 kinds of cultural relics, which is not only the largest discovered in Shandong province so far, but also the largest underground palace in the north of South Beijing.

Since 1986, Zoucheng Municipal People's Government has invested heavily in the restoration and construction of the deserted tomb, which lasted for two years. Today's deserted tomb has regained its former glory. At present, the cultural relics management office of Zhutan Tomb has been established, and nearly 3 pieces of cultural relics have been copied and arranged according to the original appearance of the tomb, attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists to visit here every year, and it has been announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shandong Province. Attachment: Lu Huang Wang hereditary table Lu Huang Wang Tan, Taizu Shu ten sons, Hongwu three-year seal. In eighteen years, he became a vassal of Yanzhou Prefecture. Twenty-two years Zhao Hui, king of Jing, was a barren son, and was sealed in the first year of Yongle. Two years of Chenghua. Hui Wang Tai Kan, the first son of Jing Di, was attacked by Chenghua for three years. Nine years. Yang Zhu, the king of Zhuang, is the first son of Huidi. He was attacked in the 12th year of Chenghua and died in the 2nd year of Jiajing. Dang Kun, the first son of Zhuang Di, became a prince in the 19th year of Chenghua, and died in the 18th year of Hongzhi. Sun Guanhuo will attack the seal and chase the king. Overflow is pregnant. Kenmuge, the first son of Huai Di, was granted the title of grandson in the 16th year of Hongzhi. In the fifteenth year of Zhengde, he decided to attack the seal by watching the fire. Chasing the king, overflowing mourning. The king watched the fire, mourned his first son, and was sealed in the seventh year of Jiajing. Twenty-eight years. Gong Wang Yitan, with a son, was sealed in the thirty years of Jiajing. Twenty-two years of Wanli. To Wang Shouzeng, the sixth son of Gongshu, and the first king of Fuping. Twenty-eight years. No children. Xian Wang Shou Chenghong, Gong Shu's seven sons, was first named King Changde. Twenty-nine seals in Wanli. Nine years of Chongzhen. No children. Su Wang Shouyong and Gong Shu, nine sons, were first named King Taixing. Chongzhen was sealed in the ninth year. Twelve years. Since Zhu Tan, * * * spread to ten generations and thirteen kings, which lasted for 283 years and ran through the whole Ming Dynasty.