Brief introduction of Little Potala Palace in Shigatse
The "Little Potala Palace" in Shigatse is not only earlier than the Potala Palace in Lhasa, but may even be a model for the design and construction of the real Potala Palace.
"Little Potala Palace" in Xigaze
First, Xigaze's Tibet
We often use the word "Tibet" to refer to the snowy plateau.
In this vocabulary, "Xi" is a locative word, and "Tibet" is used to refer to Tibet and Ali.
But in the long historical process of Tibet, for a long time, "Tibet" was a post-Tibet relative to "Wei" (former Tibet).
According to the Tibetan historical documents of Dunhuang Tibetan Sutra Cave, there is a small country named "Zangbu" in the post-Tibetan area.
At the beginning of the 7th century, with the continuous development of Tubo in Shannan region, the leader of Nanmu region in the north of Shigatse, Tibet, Qiongbao Bangs killed Mahlman, the king of Tibet.
Take the head to find Tubo Zampa to discuss Zampa (the father of Songzan Gambu).
In order to reward his attachment, "Rinan Lunzan praised Perilla (that is, Qiongbao Bangse) for its loyalty and reliability, and used it for his 20,000 Tibetan blogs."
According to scholars' research, the Zangbo area here should be located in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.
The word "Zangbo" may be related to the Yarlung Zangbo River, which is called "Zangbo" in Tibetan.
"Records of the Western Regions" explains that "Tibetan cloth means quiet and clean, taking Tibet as the place name and referring to the area west of Shigatse."
After Songzanganbu unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, "Tibet" still refers to the post-Tibet area.
When he divided the administrative divisions, he divided the territory of the Tubo dynasty into "four Ru" by region.
Five religions record that "the whole territory of Tubo is divided into four parts: Ruzanguru (Jura), Yorru, Wei Ru and Yeru."
The name of "four Confucianism" came from this.
"Uru" and "Yoru" are centered on Lhasa, which are roughly equivalent to "Wei" (the original Tibetan area);
"Ye Ru" and "Zangru" are centered on Shigatse, which are roughly equivalent to "Zang" (post-Tibetan area).
Regional division of "Wei Zang Private Service"
Second, the origin of Shigatse
After a long period of time, Houzang has been hidden in the fog of history.
However, in 2000, with the nourishment of the Chu River and the Yarlung Zangbo River, the areas where Gyangze and Shigatse are located are fertile and rich in products, and are known as the "Jiangnan after Tibet" and are famous granaries in Tibet.
After Kublai Khan acceded to the throne, he first set up a general hospital (later renamed Xuanzhengyuan) in most places to take charge of Tibetan affairs and Buddhism throughout the country, and named Basiba as the national teacher (later renamed the imperial teacher), so that he also led the affairs of the general hospital.
In order to facilitate the implementation of management, Basiba divided the front and back Tibet into130,000 households on the basis of large-scale statistics of household registration and land (including households).
According to the Record of Tibetan Kings, there are six pre-Tibetan areas, six post-Tibetan areas, and one in the middle, namely Yangzhuowan Lake (Langzika County), with thirteen.
There are 60,000 households in Tibet: Laduiluo (Segel Town, Dingri County), Laduijiang (Angren County), Jiangzhuo (namling county), Qumi (Qumei Township, Shigatse City), Xiang (location unknown) and Xialu (Xialu Village, Jiacuo Township, Shigatse City);
From the map, although more than 20,000 households in Qumi and Xialu are now managed by Shigatse, the management organization established by Basiba has perfectly avoided the downtown area of Shigatse.
The position behind Ba Shiba-hiding ten thousand households.
Unable to become the home of thousands of families, Shigatse continues to be in a silent waiting state, just like a cicada hidden in fertile soil, waiting for a sunny summer.
When the administrative hand of the Yuan Dynasty was getting old, the Sakyamuni regime, which relied on Mongolian forces, went from bad to worse. Pazhuwan (Naidong County, Shannan City), one of the 60 thousand households in the past, overthrew the rule of Sakyamuni in one fell swoop under the leadership of the once-in-a-lifetime politician Da Situ Jiang Qu Jianzan.
1354 (14th year of Yuan Dynasty), Jiangqu Jianzan claimed to be the "first governor", made its capital Naidong, and formally established Pamzhuba regime.
Among the130,000 households originally divided by Ba Bruno, some have been wiped out (Sang Ya and Caiba Bay), some are acknowledging that Pazhu's rule is one-sided (Sakya and Zhigong Bay), and the rest have surrendered to Pazhu (Gyangze and Laduijiang).
Subsequently, Jiang Qu Jianzan abolished Basiba's "ten thousand households system" and divided Tibet into thirteen "sects" instead.
Unfortunately, Tibetan historical materials are listed at most, and nine are Jiazi Zhigu, Yokadazi, Mo Gong, Naiwu, Chaga, Renbang, Sangzhuzi, Bailang and Lunzhuzi.
Sangzhuzi zongbao
The original meaning of "Zong" was fortress, fortress, villa and castle, and at this time it evolved into the ruling institution of Pamukuba regime.
The clan's "Zongben" (leader) was directly appointed by "Xidi", and later the "Zongben" (county) system in Tibet developed from this.
At the same time, the "Sika (Manor)" system was awarded to meritorious officials, which was a hereditary territory similar to the feudal system prevailing in the Central Plains.
This time, Shigatse finally turned the tables and replaced Xialuwan Lake as the seat of Sangzhu Zizong.
Since then, "Sikasan Zhuzi" has become the new name here.
"Sika" means manor, "Sangzhu" means ruyi, and "Purple" means peak. Together, it is "Ruyi Villa".
Then, the "Sangzhu" in the place name was diluted and called "Xikazi" for short, that is, "Xigaze".
Sangzhuzi zongbao
Three. Characteristics of Baogong Building in Tibet
The ancient buildings in Tibet, whether palaces, castles, Sikas or ordinary Tibetan dwellings, first emphasize the defensive function.
We can see that the architectural pattern of old Tibetan houses is characterized by wide walls and narrow windows, a barn at the bottom and steep wooden ladders.
These architectural features can not only adapt to the natural environment in Tibetan areas, but also reflect a strong sense of insecurity.
The court, sect and Sika, as symbols of rights, are no exception. Most buildings are located on steep hilltops, forming a natural defense system based on topography, such as Yongbulakang, Potala Palace, Lagarie Palace and Guge Palace.
In addition to relying on natural terrain, this kind of power building is also equipped with military defense facilities such as high walls, trenches, towers, back trenches, observation holes and shooting holes.
Old photos of Sangzhuzi Sect
Although there are many descriptions of the beauty of Hongshan Palace (the predecessor of Potala Palace) built by Songtsan Gambu in Tibetan history, considering the historical environment at that time.
At this time, the palace built on the top of Hongshan Mountain in Lhasa should probably be an upgraded version of the traditional watchtower, rather than an extremely luxurious and comfortable palace.
In fact, the military defense function of Potala Palace has indeed passed the test of war.
17 16 (fifty-five years of Kangxi), Alabotan, commander-in-chief of Junggar Department in Xinjiang, sent 6000 elite cavalry to Lhasa.
At that time, the ruler of Wei-Zang, La-Zang Khan, ordered people to stick to the defense of Potala Palace, and Junggar attacked Hongshan, because the palace wall was firm, the entrance was narrow, the cloister was complicated, and the head was broken.
Although "La Zang Khan" was finally killed by the Junggar army, the Potala Palace still played the role of "one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't" even if it laid eggs in the nest.
Fourth, the peak year is short.
Sangzhuzi religion is the last of Jiangqu Jianzan 13 cases, and its status and political value are much higher than the previous cases.
Under Jiang Qu Jianzan's personal questioning, Sangzhuzi Zongbao is higher than other Zongbao built in the same period in terms of building scale, shape grade and exquisiteness.
As a result, after the completion, Jiang Qujian praised with satisfaction that "all his long-cherished wishes have been realized".
Topographically, Sangzhuzizong is located on the Sunlight Mountain in the north of Shigatse, overlooking the alluvial plain of Nianchu River at the foot. You can overlook the cities and take risks to resist the invasion of foreign enemies.
1565 (in the 44th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty), the regime of Bamu Zhuba declined. As a sect of mulberry and bamboo, Xiaxinba Caidan Duojie, a retainer, successively captured and occupied the jurisdictions of several sects.
With the establishment of the Bahan regime in Tibet, Shigatse became the capital of the Wei-Tibet region.
However, this glorious period is very short. 1642 (in the 15th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), the Gelug Sect led the forces of Khan in Gushi, Mongolia, into Tibet and overthrew the rule of the Bahan regime in Tibet.
Zangbahan Palace, located at the foot of Zongshan Mountain in Sangzhuzi Mountain, was completely destroyed, and building materials were transported to Lhasa to build Potala Palace and expand Jokhang Temple.
Sangzhuzizong at the top of the mountain became the bedroom of the Fifth Dalai Lama when he visited Shigatse.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The relationship between Potala Palace and Potala Palace
Because the Potala Palace is so famous, other buildings with similar shapes seem to have become knockoffs.
There is a widely circulated legend about the origin of Sangzhuzi Zongbao:
A Lama envied the majesty of the Potala Palace in Lhasa and wanted to build an identical palace in Shigatse.
He pulled out a white radish from the vegetable field without a pen and paper. Potala Palace is carved on radish.
When he returned to Shigatse, he found that the radish had faded and shrunk, and the palace carved on the radish was different.
Only according to the appearance on the radish, a palace was built, which is Sangzhuzi Zongbao.
This legend must be just a legend.
South facade of Sangzhuzi General Fort
Sangzhuzi Sect is not modeled after the cloth palace. On the contrary, it is possible that the Potala Palace was built with bamboo as a template.
The guarantee of mulberry beads was completed in 1363 (twenty-three years). After Khan overthrew Zangba Khan in Gushi, he invited the Fifth Dalai Lama to sit in Sangzhuzi for nearly three months.
Four years after the Fifth Dalai Lama returned to Lhasa, the White House of Potala Palace was built, and the Red Palace took another 45 years to build.
Therefore, Sangzhu Uterus Castle was 282 and 327 years earlier than Potala Palace (the second year of Qing Shunzhi 1645) and Honggong Palace (the 28th year of Kangxi 1690).
In addition, according to literature records and historical images, Sangzhuzizongbao and Potala Palace are very similar in shape and momentum, both of which are in the form of a central red palace (castle) and two side palaces (castles).
Generally speaking, the middle part of the two is slightly higher than the sides, and even the circular castle at the western end is similar, but the scale, volume and details are different.
However, due to the reversal of the political status of Lhasa and Shigatse, the Red Palace in Potala Palace is much larger than the Red Fort in Sangzhuzi.
This just reflects the political significance of palace-style architecture.
the Potala Palace
Now, the Sanzhuzi Zongbao, located on the Sunshine Mountain, was redesigned by the Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tongji University in 2004.
Sangzhuzi Zongbao, which had stood for nearly 600 years before, was completely destroyed in the catastrophe in the 1960s, leaving only ruins.
Fortunately, with the efforts of Tongji designers, Sangzhu Zizongbao was reborn after more than 40 years.
The people of Shigatse, who witnessed the destruction of Zongbao, exclaimed after seeing the newly-built Sangzhuzi Sect: "Ah! Jane is exactly the same as before! "
Every era will leave its own mark, even if it is stronger than Zongbao, it is difficult to resist the crush of history.
The "Little Potala Palace" in Shigatse is lucky, and the designer found it from the lost memory.
May the mountains and rivers last forever and the years be quiet. It has become the Sangzhuzizongbao of Shigatse Museum, overlooking the world forever.