Osmanthus information
Garden osmanthus is native to the southwest. Wild osmanthus grows in southwest China, Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan and other places. It is now widely planted in the Huaihe River Basin and areas south of it, and its suitable growing area can be found in the north. Reaching the lower reaches of the Yellow River, you can reach Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other places in the south.
The growing area has good water and heat conditions and suitable precipitation. The soil is mostly yellow-brown soil or yellow cinnamon soil, and the vegetation is mainly subtropical broad-leaved forest type. Under the nurturing and influence of the above conditions, osmanthus grows well, and has formed several nationally famous osmanthus commodity production bases in Anhui's Anhui Xianning, Hubei's Xianning, Hunan's Taoyuan, Jiangsu's Suzhou, Guangxi's Guilin, Hubei's Wuhan, Zhejiang's Hangzhou and Sichuan's Chengdu.
Osmanthus is the customary name for many trees of the genus Oleaceae. The representative species is Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour., also known as rock osmanthus. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree of the family Oleaceae, with a hard texture. The skin is thin, the leaves are oblong and pointed, opposite, and will not wither through winter. Between the leaves of peanuts, the corolla has four-lobed petals and is small in shape. There are many horticultural varieties, the most representative of which are golden osmanthus, silver osmanthus, red osmanthus, laurel, etc.
Osmanthus osmanthus is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in my country. It is an excellent garden tree species that is both ornamental and practical, integrating greening, beautification and fragrance. Absolutely. Especially in the mid-autumn season, the osmanthus trees are in full bloom, and when the night is quiet, drinking wine to enjoy the osmanthus flowers will make you feel refreshed and refreshing. Among ancient Chinese poems about flowers, there are also a considerable number of poems about laurel. It has been deeply loved by Chinese people since ancient times and is regarded as a traditional famous flower.
Osmanthus tea made from osmanthus is a specialty tea in my country. It has a soft aroma and delicious taste and is loved by the public. Osmanthus fragrans is widely used in garden construction.
Osmanthus fragrans is adapted to subtropical climate areas. Sex likes warmth and moisture. The average temperature in the planting area is 14-28°C, the average temperature in July is 24-28°C, the average temperature in January is above 0°C, and it can withstand the lowest temperature of -13°C. The optimal growing temperature is 15-28°C. Humidity is extremely important for the growth and development of sweet-scented osmanthus. It requires an average annual humidity of 75%-85% and an annual precipitation of about 1,000 mm. Especially young and adult trees require more water when they bloom. Drought will affect flowering and strong sunshine. And shade is detrimental to its growth, and generally requires 6-8 hours of light per day. ?
Osmanthus likes warmth and has strong resistance to stress. It can withstand both high temperature and cold. Therefore, it can survive the winter in the open in the Qinling Mountains and areas south of the Huaihe River in China. Osmanthus prefers sunlight but can also tolerate shade. Its branches and leaves grow luxuriantly and the flowers bloom densely in full sunlight, while it grows in the shade with sparse branches and leaves and few flowers. If you are potting indoors in the north, you need to pay special attention to sufficient light to facilitate growth and the formation of flower buds. Osmanthus is very moist and avoids water accumulation, but it also has a certain drought tolerance. Osmanthus fragrans does not have strict soil requirements. It can generally grow except in alkaline soil and low-lying land or soil that is too sticky and has poor drainage. However, it needs a slightly acidic sandy loam with deep, loose and fertile soil and good drainage. most appropriate. Osmanthus fragrans has certain resistance to harmful gases such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride, and has a strong ability to absorb dust. It is often used in cities and industrial and mining areas.
Osmanthus fragrans is suitable for planting in a ventilated and light-transmitting place; it likes a clean and ventilated environment, but is intolerant to smoke and dust damage, and often cannot bloom after being damaged; it is afraid of flooding and water logging. If it is damaged by waterlogging, the roots will turn black. Rot, the leaves will first wither at the tip of the leaf, and then the whole leaf will turn yellow and fall off, leading to the death of the whole plant; it is not very cold-resistant, but compared to other evergreen broad-leaved tree species, it is still a relatively cold-resistant tree species.
After long-term cultivation, natural hybridization and artificial selection, many cultivated varieties of Osmanthus fragrans have been produced. Through further investigation and cleaning, 32 osmanthus varieties have been initially identified. In terms of flower color, there are golden osmanthus, silver osmanthus, and red osmanthus; in terms of leaf shape, there are willow leaf osmanthus, golden fan osmanthus, dripping yellow, sunflower leaf, and firewood yellow; in terms of flowering period, there are eight types. Bay laurel, four seasons laurel, laurel laurel, laurel and so on.
Due to long-term artificial cultivation, natural hybridization and artificial selection, Osmanthus fragrans has formed a rich and diverse range of cultivated varieties. After conducting extensive surveys on Osmanthus resources and varieties in major cities across the country, we recorded the flowering characteristics of Osmanthus on the spot, analyzed and compared the characteristics of various types of Osmanthus, selected more stable genetic traits, and used traditional classification methods and gardens. For production application, four varieties of Osmanthus fragrans were identified and sorted out.
Four major varieties
Sijigui
Sijigui variety group: This variety is bush-like, with low tree shape and divided into branches. The branches are short and dense, and the crown is spherical. The new leaves are dark red, and the mature leaves are green or yellow-green; the leaves are oval and broad-oval, with entire or sparsely serrated edges, and the leaf margin is not obviously wavy; the leaf quality is thin, the mesophyll of the leaf surface is slightly raised, and the veins are network. more obvious. The average petiole is about 1 cm long. The important feature is that the intersection angle between the main vein and lateral veins of the leaf is large and nearly vertical. The flower buds of 'Sijigui' are often solitary or 2-3 stacked, and bloom in batches from September to March every year. The flower color is lighter, ranging from creamy yellow to lemon yellow, and the floral fragrance is not as strong as silver osmanthus, golden osmanthus, and red osmanthus. The varieties include big-leaf Sijigui and small-leaf Sigui. Flowering in all seasons, there are varieties such as "Yueyuegui", "Rixianggui", "Big-leaf Fodingzhu", "Tooth-leaf Siguigui" and other varieties.
Dangui
Dangui variety group: an evergreen shrub, dioecious, with a spherical crown. The bark is light gray, smooth, and has sparse lenticels. The leaves are leathery, oblong or elliptical, 6-12 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide; the leaf surface is relatively flat, the leaf margin is recurved, the entire edge, the apex occasionally has sparse teeth, and the base is wide and wedge-shaped; the apex is blunt or pointed. Short tip; 8-10 pairs of lateral veins, with obvious network veins on both sides; petiole 8-10 mm long. The flower color is orange-red, the corolla is slightly buckled; the fragrance is light. The flowering period is from late September to early October. It blooms in autumn with darker flowers ranging from orange to orange-red to vermilion. It has a strong smell and thick leaves. There are varieties such as "Big Flower Osmanthus", "Tooth Osmanthus", "Cinnabar Osmanthus", and "Broad-leaf Red".
Jingui
Jingui variety group: evergreen small tree with spherical crown; strong tree vigor, branches Tall and straight, very tight. The bark is gray, with round or oval lenticels, and the spring shoots are relatively thick, with an average length of 15.9 cm; the leaves are dark green, leathery, and shiny; the leaves are oval, the leaf surface is uneven, the leaf edges are microwave-curved, and the leaves are obviously recurved; The margin is entire, and occasionally there are serrations at the apex; the flowers are yellow in color, have a strong fragrance, and are not strong. Blooms in autumn, with lemon-yellow to golden-yellow flowers. Varieties include "Big Flower Golden Osmanthus", "Big Leaf Yellow", "Huangchuan Golden Osmanthus", "Wan Jingui", "Round-leaf Golden Osmanthus", Xianning Wangui, Qiu Gui, Yuanbian Jingui, Liuye Sugui, Jinshigui, Bo Leaf Jingui, and other varieties
Yingui
Yingui variety group: evergreen small tree, spherical crown. The branches are spreading, the branches and leaves are dense, and the growth is good. The bark is light gray, with many and large lenticels, and the shape is very obvious. The average length of the spring shoots is 15.5cm. The new shoots are green or dark green, and the leaves are very eye-catching. Quality, shiny; long elliptical or elliptical; leaves relatively broad and thick; leaf surfaces relatively flat; leaf margins shallowly wavy, recurved, entire, and occasionally sparsely toothed at the apex; blooms in early to mid-September, with corolla spreading obliquely. The lobes are oval, the flower color is creamy yellow to lemon yellow, and the aroma is strong; it blooms in autumn, and the flower color is pure white, milky white, yellow-white or light yellow. Varieties include broad-leaf seed cinnamon, willow-leaf cinnamon, hard-leaf cinnamon. "Ze Yingui", "Jiulong Gui", "Zao Yingui", "Late Yingui", "Bai Jie", "Pure Bai Yingui", "Qingshan Yingui" and other varieties.
Cultivation treasures
Common cultivated varieties include wave-leaf golden osmanthus, cinnabar osmanthus, hard-leaf osmanthus, early silver osmanthus, Hangzhou yellow, Sijigui, Fodingzhu, Rixianggui, etc.
Wavy-leaf Golden Osmanthus: The leaves are oval with undulating edges. They can bloom 2-3 times in autumn. The flowers are dense and fragrant. The corolla is golden yellow and the petals are oval.
Cinnabar Dangui: Leaves. Egg-shaped and elliptical, with strong golden edges. It blooms twice in autumn. The flowers are lightly fragrant, the corolla is dark red, and the petals are round.
Crysanthemum osmanthus: leaves are oval or elliptical-lanceolate, entire or 1-shaped. /3 or 2/3 are serrated, the edges are wavy, the flowers are lightly fragrant, and the corolla is orange.
Zaoyingui: The leaves are oval, full-edged, with straight edges, and the flowering period is early, and it can bloom 3 times a year. -4 times, the flowers are fragrant, the corolla is light yellow, and the petals are round.
Late Yingui: The leaf margins are microwave-curved, the edges are basically entire and the apex is slightly concave, and the leaf apex is short. Pointed, with a wide wedge-shaped base. It can bloom twice a year, in late September and early October, lasting for 6 days. There are 6-7 flowers in each inflorescence. The flowers are medium-sized and fragrant. The petals are round and four-lobed. Split, corolla nearly white, flat, stamens 2, ovary reduced
Sugui leaflets: leaves are oval, 7-9cm long, 2-4cm wide, thickly leathery, with microwave-shaped leaf margins. It can bloom three times a year. The flowering period is from late September to mid-October and lasts for 5-10 days. There are 5-9 flowers in each inflorescence. The flowers are dense and fragrant. The peduncle is 8-15mm long. The flowers are often drooping or Scattered, elliptical petals, lemon yellow corolla, 2 stamens, ovary reduced.
Purple cloud: The leaves are oval, the midrib is concave on the top, the leaf margin is microwave-curved, and the entire edge can bloom 2 times a year. The flowering period is from early October to mid-October. There are 5-8 flowers in each inflorescence. The flowers are medium-sized and have a strong fragrance. The petals are nearly round. The corolla is blue-purple at first, then silver-white, and light yellow when in full bloom. There are 2 stamens. , ovary degeneration.
Zuijihong: The leaves are oval or oblong, with occasional fine serrations on the entire edge or at the apex. The leaf surface is slightly concave and convex, and the leaf apex is long or acuminate. It can bloom 1-2 times a year. The flowering period is in early October and mid-October. There are 5-9 flowers in each inflorescence. The flowers are densely blooming and have a light fragrance. The corolla is bright yellow, the petals are oval and flat, the stamens are 2, and the ovary is degraded. .
Bai Jie: The leaves are oblong or elliptical, with entire margin. The leaf surface is relatively flat and the apex is blunt or short acuminate. It blooms from late September to early October. There are 7-9 flowers in each inflorescence. The flowers are milky white or light yellowish white, with a strong floral fragrance. The corolla spreads obliquely and the petals are obovate or obovate-elliptical.
Hangzhou Yellow: The leaves are oblong or ovate-elliptical, with the entire edge or more than 1/2 of it serrated, and the edges are undulating. It blooms 3-4 times in autumn, with dense flowers, strong fragrance, and corolla. Golden yellow, obovate-elliptical petals.
Liuyeguigui: a small tree or shrub with an oblong or spherical crown and many branches. Leaves are elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, entire. The leaf apex is acuminate, and the apex is sparsely serrated.
It blooms from mid-to-late September to early October, with 5-7 flowers per bud. The flowers are sparse, silvery white to yellowish white, light yellow, and have a strong fragrance.
Jade Curtain Silver Silk Osmanthus: The leaves are oblong, narrow and long, with entire margin, long apex, new branches are purple, and new leaves are purple-red. It can bloom 2-3 times a year, with a flowering period of 6-7 days each time. The flowers are dense and fragrant. The pedicels are slender, up to 12-17mm, shaped like a jade curtain. The flowers are drooping, the petals are oval, and the corolla is flat and yellow-white. Stamens 2, ovary reduced, unfruitful.
Fragrant osmanthus: two types of leaves, spring leaves are large, wide and oval in shape; autumn leaves are smaller, oval, whole edge, occasionally toothed at the apex, and have microwave-curved edges. It blooms in all seasons, with spring and autumn as the peak flowering periods. The inflorescences are terminal or axillary, the flowers are lightly fragrant, the corolla is yellow-white, and the petals are oval.
Buddha's Dingzhu: A shrub with oblique or oval wavy leaves. The leaf surface is obviously "V" shaped, with deep dark green inward folds. There are coarse teeth above the base or more than 1/3 of the leaf margin. The stems are well developed, the flowers are yellow-white, slightly fragrant, and the petals are obovate.
Rixiang Gui: a shrub or small tree, with obovate-lanceolate or obovate-elliptical leaves. The entire edge or more than 1/3 or 2/3 are serrated, dark green. The inflorescence has a common stem, and the flowers are nearly white or light yellow, with a slight fragrance. The flowering period is from September to April of the following year.