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Yang's word Hanlin Yang

Yang, in the history of Changge, should be called a veritable celebrity. On learning, he was born a scholar, took an examination of Jiangnan, and was the teacher of a generation of emperors. He was a rare outstanding scholar at that time: in terms of position, he was also a big official of the Qing dynasty; As far as personality is concerned, being in the corrupt officialdom of the Qing Dynasty, being able to "take halal elegance as a religion", not being persistent, not flattering, not pursuing fame, not seeking profits, being honest and clean, concentrating on learning, being kind to Lin Quan, and even "doing nothing", persevering until retiring and returning home, and taking cloth as a pleasure, is really commendable.

Yang's official career happened to be in the last decades of the Qing Dynasty, with internal troubles and foreign invasion, political corruption, and the decline of China's feudal autocratic system for more than two thousand years. At this moment, it is not easy for a gentleman like Yang created by Confucius and Mencius to survive in the Qing court by his own character and knowledge and serve the highest ruling class. As for governing the country and reassuring the people, it is really difficult to make a difference. He knew that the tide was over and there was nothing he could do. Since we can't "help the world", we have to "be immune to it". Perhaps because of this, there are few traces of Yang in national history documents.

As the saying goes: "three years of Qing dynasty magistrate, 100 thousand snowflakes and silver." As a senior official of the imperial court, Yang has no personal property for decades, which is simply a miracle! He brought home from Beijing and left his only legacy to future generations, which was his collection of calligraphy, painting and antiques. And this gem, which is regarded as priceless, told future generations to "squander the clearance" when he was in prison. Why? This may be Yang's character.

Yang's father, Yang, is an official in Jiangnan, and his mother, Zhang, is also a Jiangnan woman. Yang was born in the south of the Yangtze River in the ugly year of Xianfeng (the 16th day of the first month in 853 AD). When he was five years old, his father was often busy with official business and seldom helped him read and write, but Zhang always taught his son. At the age of three, you can recite thousands of words and hundreds of surnames, and at the age of four, you can recite hundreds of books of songs. The talent of being smart and eager to learn really surprised the adults.

There are unexpected events in the sky. Just as Yang was brilliant and successful in his studies, Yang left his job because of illness. Less than half a year after returning to his hometown, he left his wife and children behind and died with the regret of a long life. In the face of sudden family changes, Zhang was in great pain and wanted to go with her husband several times. However, her husband's dying entrustment and her son's talent made her stick to her will to raise a small child and let her husband rest in peace.

The world is cold, which makes orphans and widows suffer from human suffering. In office for many years, Yang remained uncorrupted and left no property to his wife and son. So, less than a year apart, the money was spent. Occasionally sick, can only rely on neighbors for help. In order to make a living, Zhang had to spin and weave for others to ease his eyebrows.

Children of the same age all went to school and stayed at home. It is convenient to invite Mr. Wang to live at home, but Yang has no share. The children are clamoring to go to school, but there is no money or food to pay for it. For this reason, Zhang also cried one after another, and there is no way! But she still has a belief that no matter how poor she is, she should let her children study and live up to her husband's wishes. At that time, the Li family in Zhenbei invited a Mr. Ren. The Li family was supported by Yang. When they learned about Zhang's experience and his request, they offered to accept the admission without tuition in return for their kindness. Carrying a schoolbag sewn by my mother overnight, I met my husband under the guidance of Zhang. These days, Zhang Tian cooked a meal before dawn and sent his children to school in time. In the evening, he waited for the children to come home at the village entrance. In order to reduce the burden on her mother, Zhang Pei, who was a little sensible, refused to pick her up a few days later and went alone. Yang is also studying hard and working hard. In the evening, mother is spinning wool under the lamp, and Xiao Zhangpei is reading a book under the lamp. The son fell asleep at his desk, and the mother carried him to bed to continue his defense. Although I don't pay tuition, I have to go three times a day. In order to reduce his mother's burden and increase his study time, he asked her to go home once a day. Several barrels of black beans were collected at home that year. He asked his mother to fry some black beans for lunch, and her mother agreed.

From then on, in the Li family bookstore, I was always the first to study in the classroom and the last to leave. Mr. Zhang Pei liked him, and when he saw him facing this direction, he felt very strange. He decided to see what tricks Zhang Xiaopei used. After school at noon, most of his classmates left the classroom, while Yang was reading silently with a book in his hand. After the students finished speaking, he walked to the river alone. He came to the bend of the river, squatted on the ground, untied the bag from his waist, poured out the fried beans, chewed for a while, and then took a few sips from the river. All this made Mr. Ren stand on the bend of the river and see clearly. He couldn't help shouting "Zhang Pei" and pulled him back to the classroom. Since then, Mr. Wang has always prepared lunch for him, and he is often grateful for it in the future, winning glory for her husband and mother with excellent results.

Yang was very clever when he was a teenager. There is an inn at the north gate of Houhe Town, which is the only place for Yang to study in Yulin. The owner, Wei San, is sincere and hardworking, and the pavement is very clean. Guests from the north and the south often stay here. That night, after the plates were removed, two guests came. Wei San greeted them warmly, thinking that they were traveling together. Without asking too much, they were arranged in the same room. Early the next morning, a quarrel broke out in their room. Wei San opened the door and saw them dragging a quilt, to outdo each other, saying that the quilt was their own. Seeing the shopkeeper coming, the two men scrambled to state their reasons. It turns out that they are not peers. One is Zhao Cheng, a clerk in Yuzhou, and the other is Liu Lai from northern Shaanxi, who just entered the store together. During the rest yesterday, the kind-hearted Zhao felt that the weather was a little cold, and suggested that the two of them take a rest together and lay the quilt on it. Cunning Liu came to care. In the middle of the night, he had the evil idea of grabbing the quilt. While Zhao Cheng was sleeping, he branded a small hole in the corner of the quilt with a rope as his own evidence and took the quilt as his own. The kind Zhao Cheng never dreamed that his kindness would be rewarded in this way. He shouted grievances and dragged Liu Lai to court. The shopkeeper is in a dilemma.

Yang happened to go to school in the morning. He pulled the shopkeeper aside. After listening to the narrative, he said that the case was over without going to court. Seeing the sentence pronounced by the three-foot urchin, a large crowd gathered for a while. Zhao Cheng only resigned to his fate, but Liu Lai beamed and stood by. This case has been closed. After the plaintiff and the defendant respectively stated, Yang looked at Liu Lai's so-called evidence and said, "The statements of the plaintiff and the defendant are all facts. Please pull up the quilt and listen to the official judgment. " I saw that Yang measured the length of the quilt by hand, took the center line and said, "This is divided into two." . Then he took the scissors from the master and cut them. When Zhao heard the verdict, he quickly let go. When the quilt fell to the ground, Yang couldn't cut it, and Liu came to cling to it. At this time, Yang got off the scissors, pulled the quilt into his arms, handed it to Zhao Cheng, and said, "The quilt is yours, hurry up!" He also said to Liu, "If you refuse to accept the verdict, you can see me in court." Liu Lai saw the revelation and fled from the crowd in despair. When people asked why, Yang said: "You must cherish your own things, and Zhao Cheng certainly can't bear it;" Luck is luck, luck is a little bit. Liu Lai is like this. " Everyone suddenly realized. After exposing Liu Lai's robbery, Yang picked up his schoolbag and ran to school.

Just as Yang was studying hard and determined to win glory for his parents, Zhang was seriously ill in bed. Zhang Pei knows that her mother's illness is caused by fatigue, mainly herself. So, in order to comfort his mother, he waited in front of his sick bed day and night. Zhang knows that she can't watch her son grow up, so whenever she is awake, she always teaches her son to study hard and not live up to his parents' expectations. For months, Zhang Pei couldn't go to school, so she studied at her mother's bedside. Without money to take medicine, he often went up the mountain to cut wood when his mother was asleep or slightly ill in exchange for medicine money. In order not to miss class, Zhang still endured the illness and insisted on working, smiling and sending his son to school. Mother and son live together and suffer from human suffering. It is difficult to follow people's wishes. I left Zhang Pei, who was less than ten years old, with my last wish to become a dragon.

After her mother died, Xiao Zhangpei was heartbroken, but at the same time she strengthened her determination to become a talent. He got up before dawn to make breakfast and lunch, ate it in a hurry after school at noon and ran back to the classroom. I have been studying until late at night, and I have never delayed his studies. Can't afford lamp oil, he borrows the light of fire; Food is not enough, he has two meals a day; Unable to afford paper and ink, he piled up dust in the yard and house for reading and writing. Just as Mencius said: the day will drop to a great post, and people must first suffer their minds, work their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, and empty their bodies. "Although my parents didn't leave a rich family, they left many books. Every day, after finishing his studies, Zhang Pei likes a lot of books. Therefore, articles, poems and calligraphy have made progress. Books became his only spiritual food, which made him forget all the troubles in the world.

At that time, his uncle Yang Bingchang was teaching in Xun County (located in the north of Henan Province). When he learned about his nephew's experience and intelligence, he made a special trip back to Houhe to pick Yang up and study in Xun County. A year later, Zhang Pei returned to Changge to take the county exam. After the list was published, Yang ranked first in the county. During the Tongzhi period, Yang Kao won the first place in the tribute and the first place in the imperial examination, and appointed seven small Beijing officials. Guangxu Bingzi won the 26th place in the rural examination (once every three years in the provincial capital, and was appointed as a juror in the examination), and the 8th place in the second examination (conducted twice). During the reign of Ding Chou in Guangxu (1877), Yang Zhongju (the imperial examination time, which was attended by juren from all provinces in Beijing) won the 234th place in the top prize, and 50 places were re-examined. Palace examination (the highest-level exam in the imperial examination system, held in the court and presided over by the emperor himself) ranked seventh in imperial academy and second-class 28 in the imperial examination. In Qing Dynasty, Hanlin (the emperor's literary attendant) was divided into three classes: the first class was an editor, the second class was Jishi Shu, and the third class was a letter. After Yang entered imperial academy, he was originally from his hometown and was edited in the second year. The Imperial Academy, commonly known as the "official shop", is mostly vacant (officials are waiting for a vacancy to take over or take office). As for when to wait, it depends on personal management and opportunities. If you are good at management, or have support in the DPRK, you can take up your post in the Imperial Academy when the stool is not hot, or you can stay in the courtyard all your life. Yang, on the other hand, doesn't like to participate in politics, but delves into learning. Therefore, this Yang has been an editor in the Hanlin Academy for 24 years.

In the new ugly year of Guangxu (190 1), Yang was promoted to Bachelor of Lectures (a degree, usually a junior or lowest degree), Bachelor of Xuange (a government agency in China) and Assistant Minister of Ritual. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1903), Yang was promoted from a bachelor of cabinet and assistant minister of rites (laws on tribute etiquette, sacrifice, feudalism and feasting) (second only to Shangshu) to a right assistant minister of the Ministry of War and a right assistant minister of the official department (in charge of the appointment and removal of officials, examination, lifting and transfer, etc.). The continuous promotion in recent years has not changed his natural disposition. The ups and downs of his official career made him lose confidence in the decadent feudal dynasty. As a result, he often swims with like-minded friends in Beijing's famous mountains and rivers, sometimes inspiring words, and sometimes drinking to drown his sorrows, so as to vent his boredom. However, Yang never wants to associate with the adulterer, nor does he participate in the activities of treating others with force. But the villagers came to visit him and saved people from danger, and he was willing to accompany him. On one occasion, a villager was reported to visit at home, and Yang went out to meet him personally. He saw the visitors with gifts in their hands, dressed in rags and with a local accent, and hurriedly invited them into the living room. This is some farmers who sent Beijing's grain to their hometown Shigu. 10 days ago, dozens of them worked hard to send Beijing grain to Beijing. Rural people are honest and always feel that their food is so good that they will put it in storage in time and reunite with their families as soon as possible. Who knows that the grain collectors are just picking bones in the eggs and pushing them off day by day. Seeing that other people's grain has entered the warehouse so many times, it's not their turn, so I don't want to mention how urgent it is. Ten days passed quickly, the travel expenses were almost used up, and the money for staying in the inn could not be paid. Later, the shopkeeper told the secret of sending rice: it should be a "gift". I understand why, but where did this "gift" come from? Someone in the line thought of Yang. They took out all the travel expenses, prepared the gift money and came to their hometown. Yang's heart is as clear as a mirror. The villagers would not have found themselves if they had not met with difficulties. But his rule is, eat first (see a doctor) and then explain. When lunch came, everyone felt cold when they saw the food: I saw shredded pickles, sweet potato leaves, a plate of tofu and pig blood, but there was no wine and meat, and steamed bread was like iron. Thought: this is to look down on us? Such a big official should at least have wine and meat, not to mention delicacies! The housekeeper saw their thoughts and quickly explained that the adults were entertaining the villagers and deliberately improving their lives. Usually there are only radishes and pickles. Everyone suddenly understood and picked up bowls and chopsticks to eat. After dinner, everyone explained their purpose. While comforting everyone, he secretly sent someone to the store to check it out. Someone told me that the food I sent was as beautiful as pearls. Yang was very angry after hearing this. He arranged for everyone to wait in the store and immediately played the emperor. The illegal grain collectors got their due punishment. After the villagers successfully handed over the food, they were grateful to Yang.

Because of Yang's upright and upright character, Emperor Guimao of Guangxu (1903) appointed Yang as the examiner of Jiangnan. There are two reasons for Yang's poor performance: first, there is a bad atmosphere of selling officials for personal gain in Jiangnan, while Yang Qinglian was sent by the Queen Mother to take charge of it; Second, Empress Dowager Cixi sent Yang to inspect Jiangnan and asked him to revisit his hometown for his father. Yang also expressed this intention in front of Empress Dowager Cixi. Therefore, this is also the favor of Empress Dowager Cixi. The assistant examiner for the Jiangnan exam is Shao Yilian, a native of Yang, eastern Henan. Although I am a fellow villager, I haven't been in touch in Beijing for many years. The main reason is that Yang doesn't like Shao Yilian's obsequiousness and greed. As for how Shao Yilian became deputy director, there is no way to know. However, there is a lot of traffic in front of Shaofu these days. Sir Shao, regardless of rank, is open to everyone. Some people are interested in yangfu Gate, but everyone knows who the young people are. The night before departure, an assistant minister Liu called home, and Yang sent him away in a few words. He didn't buy it at all. Starting early the next morning, except for personal belongings, Yang only brought two suitcases containing hundreds of folding fans presented by the Queen Mother. This kind of folding fan is very common. But if you can give away the folding fan conveniently, you will get rich money in return. The capital is thousands of miles away from Jiangnan. Although a group of people walked along the route designated by Yang, they still failed to escape the government along the way. Every time they are hospitable, they try their best to be hosts and take the opportunity to cling to them. Face-saving people pay bribes in disguise on the grounds of buying folding fans, and shameless people openly display silver coins, calligraphy and paintings and antiques in the bedroom, and there is no surprise. Yang told the left and right followers that every grass and tree in the room will lose one and ten; Accommodation is a fair deal, and folding fans are not allowed to be sold. Look at Shao Yilian again. The calligraphy and painting antiques in the bedroom were all swept away along the way, and the car went to Jiangnan to make money in Xiangjing. Yang's entourage didn't like it very much, and they couldn't understand it. They suggested Yang. But he smiled: wealth can make people go to heaven or go to hell. Yang already knows the fate of Sir Shao.

Yang and his party came to Jiangnan. He didn't see those papers before the exam. The first exam has begun. Yang has a kind face and a kind attitude, and looks around the examination room with that steady official step. People are already worried. The examiner took off the yellow cloth with a placard in his hand and shouted, "Learn from time to time." To put it bluntly, all candidates were deceived: such an occasion, such an official rank, gave such an examination question. At that time, the problem was similar to today's "small matter", which can be said to be a roadside problem. Anyone who enters the school can do nothing, even recite like a stream. After a moment of discussion, everyone began to show their talents to the fullest. Everyone has a happy face, and everyone sees a promising career. After the end, everyone has different views on the examination questions and examiners.

Before the second exam, many people were thoughtful, but their only understanding was that they would never learn the familiar questions (roadside questions) again. Maybe this time it was particularly difficult. Everyone wants to see what the examiner sells, and everyone will wait and see. After the exam, Yang made a routine inspection, and the examiner held high the title card and shouted, "Keep pace with the times." The question is not over yet. Let's give a flicker: Did the examiner remember the number of times wrong? Still no problem? Seeing the examiner's indifference, I had to take the exam. Of course, people who read widely are still working hard and step by step. Nan Guo, the substitute, has begun to scratch his cheeks and complain, but it can't be the same as the last one, can it? Had to muddle through, finished writing, crustily skin of head out of the examination room, met the examiner outside the door is also dumb to eat rhizoma coptidis. After the second exam, Yang glanced at the examination paper and saw both southerners and well-read people, which was very comforting and strengthened his determination to appoint people on their merits.

The third exam begins. Everyone arrived at the examination room in advance to discuss what to do if the exam questions are still the same. Yang is still with his hands behind his back, taking steady official steps and taking his time. This time, he personally took off the yellow cloth, and the official shouted: "keep pace with the times." Words haven't finished yet, such as a boulder falling into the water, the moon breaking in the water, with a sigh. Some of them raised their hands, others looked up at the ground, rubbing pens and holding paper, so they had to bury their resentment and regret in their hearts. However, many examples suddenly wake up: "Learning while learning" is a famous sentence throughout the ages, ranking first in The Analects. Its connotation greatly transcends "learning" and "learning", and it is a high generalization of cultivating noble sentiments and governing the country. Five words, profound and thought-provoking, are by no means what we can express in a thousand words. Good examiners! Now they understand the examiner's wonderful and unique proposition!

After Yang took the paper back, he was ready to go back to the office to have a rest. Many people were blocked at the door and refused to go out. How can they just let it go? He suddenly said, "Can your Excellency write three articles on this topic in a row so that I can wait and feast my eyes?" Yang signed this just readily. Then he took a square table and it went out of Four Treasures of the Study. I saw Yang pick up a pen, bend over his desk, his eyebrows locked, his eyes wide open, his pen tip kept up, and sometimes his brow relaxed, and his pen tip was as long as a snake, flowing and flowing, and a thousand words were done at one go. When the first article was published, three articles had been sold out. I saw Yang standing by the inkstone, rubbing his hands slightly. For a time, the surrounding rave reviews: the three articles have their own merits and different brushwork. The views are clear and the arguments are unique and powerful. Eternal allusions, eternal Swiss language vividly on the paper. The son of Jiangnan was ashamed of himself and clapped his hands in amazement, making way to send the examiner back to the house to rest.

The day before returning to Beijing, the Jiangnan government was elected by Yang. Yang also saw such a painting when he was in Beijing, and he liked it very much, but the price tag was 6.2 thousand silver. Yang is a person who is clean-handed. This price made him look forward to painting and sigh, and left with regret. Today, I was very excited to see pictures given to each other by Jiangnan Mansion. In fact, as an examiner, it is normal to accept such a gift. However, Yang waved and refused. Helpless, the prefect of Jiangnan asked him to make a poem on this painting as a souvenir, and Yang He agreed. After writing it, everyone was amazed, but a talented man in Jiangnan pointed to the two-story attic behind him and said, "Can adults leave a good word from bottom to top?" Seeing such a scene, Yang agreed and turned to go upstairs.

Yang stepped on the steps and climbed up step by step, and everyone's eyes rose with him. However, the stairs were almost gone, but he didn't hear a word, and everyone was waiting anxiously. When he was about to set foot on the last step, he sang the first sentence: "from top to bottom." Everyone's heart, is this a poem? This is Yang leaving the stairs, holding the railing and growing up in the sky. Suddenly stunned, ears cocked up. I saw his eyes looking into the distance, and with a wave of his right hand, he took it back in the air: "Reach for the horizon and the moon, and look at the eight hundred continents in the south of the Yangtze River." Everyone was surprised. The talented people in Jiangnan have nothing to say, and they are all impressed by the magnificent poems.

The next day, the party bid farewell to Jiangnan and returned to Beijing. Yang and his party went ahead, and the two carts pulled the same thing. Shao Yilian came in one car and went back in three cars. The property of the last two cars was acquired during this trip. His followers are all smiling and show off to their peers who walk in front from time to time, with the intention of representing the master above the examiner. Yang ignored it and endured it again.

As soon as she stepped into the gate of Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi had already sent someone to wait for her. Shao Yilian was immediately dragged out of the meridian gate and beheaded. It turns out that when Yang went down to the south of the Yangtze River, the Queen Mother sent someone to make an unannounced visit. Yang was very impressed when he learned that he had corrected his style of writing with his words and deeds. But what Shao Yilian did made the queen mother very angry. In essence, Yang gave this folding fan with the intention of the Empress Dowager. Shao Yilian's taking the opportunity to collect money is another exposure of his greedy nature, which eventually led to his own death.

Empress Dowager Cixi trusted Yang very much after she was admitted to Zhongjiangnan. At this time, if Yang can govern the country, he will certainly succeed in his official career. However, due to the exposure inside and outside the court, up and down the court, he lost confidence in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the heart of seclusion in the mountains has already sprouted, but it is only because talent and frankness have been favored by the Queen Mother and failed to do so. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Yang, who was over 60 years old, left Kyoto with his family for nearly 40 years and returned to his long-cherished hometown.

Yang doesn't like bureaucrats, local ruffians and evil gentry who oppress the people. Generally speaking, he doesn't want to fight with others, and always treats people with courtesy. Therefore, he often teaches his relatives and family not to be rude to others in any way and not to bully the village in his name. Yang's personal chef surnamed Guo is famous for his son's surname Xing. He is honest and never gets into trouble. He is highly valued by Yang and is called Mr. Guo. Wherever Yang went, there was always this Mr. Guo around him until Yang died. The ancient collections in Houhe Town have a long history. Before Tomb-Sweeping Day, Guo Zixing came out early in the morning and went to the market to buy sacrificial supplies. He went to the meat shelf and people rushed to buy it. He came back to the house with a basket and happened to meet Yang getting up for a walk. After asking Zixing, he said that there is no slope in Houhe River, so it is not easy for a businessman to get acquainted with others. Zixing understood the meaning of adults and walked to Pohu with a basket. Poyang Lake is eight miles away from Houhe River, and the market is not as big as Houhe River. Mainly because there are too many local ruffians in the market, it is common to bully the market. So there are generally well-known booths there. Yang has been in Beijing for many years and knows nothing. After visiting the market, Yang confessed: Try not to buy things in Houhe market. From then on, Guo Zixing always went to the market in Poyang Lake except on windy and rainy days. Gradually, the Lakers got to know each other, but they didn't know the details because there was a confession. Before the Dragon Boat Festival, when he went to the market, Yang told him to cut some lean meat. When he came to Poyang Lake, Zixing bought meat. He is about to pay. A man came from the east, weighed the meat indiscriminately and left. Mr. Guo asked the meat snatcher, but his words declined. The ten catties of meat flew head on. Guo Zixing didn't have time to dodge, so he was smashed. The man fell down with the meat, and his face was covered with meat crumbs and blood. How can Zixing survive? But thinking of what the adults said, I wiped my face, paid the money and went home with the meat. Just entering the door, I bumped into Yang. Yang said, "What does Master Zhong have to do with him?" "No ... yes." Guo Zixing replied. "Why lie? You have blood on your neck, you lie. " Guo Zixing told the story of amber's humiliation helplessly. At that time, several family members were present, all indignant and offered to take it out on Mr. Who knows that Yang stopped the way: "It is a blessing not to hurt bones and muscles." Guo Zixing looked aggrieved and walked back to the kitchen. Yang followed closely and asked, "Sir, how far is Yishui Village from Houhe?" "Bali." Yang patted the shoulder and said, "We are both Balinese, so the Lakers are not easy to mess with. It is better to go to the market in Lishui Village, so that we will not be provoked and can hide at any time! " In the next few days, Guo Zixing has been going back and forth between Houhe and Yishui Village. Six days later, the butcher's father came to yangfu to make amends with his son and gifts. However, Yang refused to acknowledge the Poyang Lake incident, which solved the right and wrong. Although things subsided, Yang insisted on going to Yishui Village for the fair.

Yang is familiar with astronomy and geography. Every time he went back to his hometown, he told his parents how to sow seeds by observing the astronomical phenomena, as he said every time, so the villagers regarded him as a god. Yang died in the spring of 1922 at the age of 69. It has been 85 years. Now people see that there is really nothing tangible left behind him, but he has left an awe-inspiring title and countless legends. It can be said that "national history comes from the hands of the people and word of mouth comes from the heart." It is these legends that spread the "Young Adults" who are hardworking, knowledgeable, honest and love the people. In the declining feudal dynasty, Yang was clean and honest, leading an honest and clean life, and had to admit that he was "clean but not evil".

This is Yang.