Can someone tell me what kind of grass or flower this is? I have a picture here that can help me take a look. I came across it today. Very strange
Mimosa (scientific name: Mimosa) has many nicknames because of its unique physiological habits, such as laughing grass, feeling grass, drinking grass, ashamed grass, ugly grass, ashamed grass, lovers grass and so on. Mimosa is a perennial herb of Mimosa in Leguminosae, which is native to tropical America. It likes warm and humid, and is not strict with the soil, so it grows in many countries. Mimosa is regarded as a weed [1].
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gingkgo
Mimosa pudica
Latin scientific name
Bashfulgrass
Another name
Feel grass, shame grass, call grass, fear ugly grass.
Binomial nomenclature/system
Mimosa pudica
boundary
plant kingdom
door
angiosperm
summary
dicotyledon
The branch of academic or vocational research.
Bean family
subfamily
Mimosinae
belong to
Mimosa pudica
grow
Mimosa pudica
Distribution area
It is cultivated all over China.
eye
record
Morphological characteristics of 1
2 species introduction
3 cultivation techniques
Four breeding methods
5 Application value
Medicinal value
Ornamental value
Other values
6 growth environment
7 distribution
8 name source
9 reasons for shame
10 related culture
Related flower language
Related legends
Morphological characteristics of 1
Biological form
Most of them are woody and sparse vegetation, with 2 pinnate compound leaves, or compound leaves with degenerated leaflike stalks. Leaflets with skewed midvein, bisexual flowers, heads, racemes, spikes, radiation symmetry, Hubei, 3-6 petals, valvate arrangement, most stamens, upper part of ovary, 1 carpels and pods.
Yuyi
The leaves of mimosa have quite long petioles, and the front end of the petiole is divided into four feather shafts, and each feather shaft has two long oval fins. The total stalk is very long, and the base expands into a leaf pillow, that is, at the base of the pinnae, quill and petiole of mimosa, there is a hypertrophy part called a leaf pillow. The leaves are pinnately compound, with 2-4 pinnates, palmately arranged, lobules 14-48, rectangular, 0.6- 1. 1 cm long and 0-kloc-0/.5-2 mm wide, with bristles on the edges and veins.
Growth characteristics
Flowering after midsummer, the head is oblong, and 2 ~ 3 flowers are born in the axils of leaves. The flowers are reddish, the calyx is bell-shaped, there are 8 tiny calyx teeth, the petals are free, the stamens are 4, and the ovary is hairless. The pod is flat, with a length of 1.2 ~ 2 cm and a width of about 0.4 cm. It has 3 ~ 4 pods, each pod has 1 seed, and falls off at maturity. Flowers bloom in September.
Morphology: loose, subshrub-like herb, up to 1 m; The stem is cylindrical, branched, with scattered downward bending barbs and inverted barbs. Stipules lanceolate, 5- 10 mm long, with bristles. Feathers and leaflets close and droop as soon as they touch; There are usually 2 pairs of pinions, which are arranged at the top of the total petiole with fingers and are 3-8 cm long; Leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear and rectangular, 8- 13 mm long and 0/.5-2.5 mm wide, with sharp apex and bristles at the edge. The head is spherical, about 65438±0cm in diameter, with long pedicels and 2-3 solitary or axils; Flowers are small and mostly red; Bracts linear; Calyx is very small; Corolla campanulate, lobes 4, pubescent outside; 4 stamens, protruding from the corolla; Ovary short-stalked, glabrous; Ovules 3-4, filiform style, small stigma. The pod is oblong, 1-2 cm long, about 5 mm wide, flat, slightly curved, with wavy and prickly edges. When it matures, the English nodes fall off, and the pod edges persist. Seeds ovoid, 3.5 mm long. Flowering: March -65438+ 10; The fruit-bearing period is May-165438+1October.
Decorative application: Mimosa plants are scattered in shape, with slender and beautiful feathers, and their leaves hit it off at once, giving people a delicate impression. The ground was scattered in the corner of the yard. Potted plants can be placed on the table by the window.
2 species introduction
Because of its strong adaptability to the growing environment, there is basically no difference between varieties. But in appearance, it is generally divided into spiny plants and non-spiny plants.
A spiny vulva plant:
It is that the neck of the mimosa grows some small white hairs, and there are small thorns in the branches and leaves, which are slightly hard.
Weedy plants without thorns;
Stem smooth, no fluff, no thorns in branches and leaves.
3 cultivation techniques
Cultivation method
Generally, soil can be cultivated, and fertilization is not needed during the growing period. It is enough to apply dilute liquid fertilizer for 2-3 times, and it is not advisable to use too much fertilizer. It is enough to grow strong and have green leaves, not long, because mimosa is mainly an interesting foliage flower, and the small one is better. The planting technology of mimosa is simple and the management is extensive. The requirements for climate, sunshine and soil are not strict, and fertile and loose sandy loam is better, and warm and humid environment is better [2].
1. Planting method. Generally sow and propagate, and sow from late March to early April. Spread the seeds evenly on the fine soil, covering about 65,438+0.5 cm. When the temperature is about 65,438+08℃, the seedlings can emerge in about 65,438+00 days (usually they will grow after being buried without special management). Seedling growth is slow, and it can be planted when it is 7 ~ 8 cm.
Mimosa 2. Site management. The plant spacing in the field is 25 ~ 30cm, and the soil should be loosened, weeded and watered in time. Potted indoors, watered for two to three days in summer 1 time. Fertilize every month 1 time. If you don't want the plant shape to be too big, you should reduce the amount of fertilization or even don't need fertilization.
Maintenance points
In the growth period of mimosa, it can be watered together, and the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer can be applied once every 10 day (3-4 times). As potted ornamental flowers, it is easy to move into sunny places indoors and can safely overwinter at room temperature of 0- 12 degrees.
Moisture: like to be wet, and water it every day 1 time during the summer growth period. Fertilizer: topdressing every half month at seedling stage 1 time. If you don't want the plant shape to be too large, you should reduce the amount of fertilization.
Soil: The soil is required to be deep, fertile and moist.
Temperature: not cold-tolerant, like warm climate, plants will die in winter.
Lighting: I like plenty of lighting and have a little tolerance for semi-shade.
Breeding: sowing and breeding. Sowing from late March to early April, the seedlings grow slowly and can be sown when the height of the seedlings is 7-8 cm.
Four breeding methods
Seeds can be sown in spring and autumn. Before sowing, the seeds can be soaked in warm water at 35℃ for 24 hours, and then planted in a shallow basin, covered with soil 1 ~ 2 cm. Soak water in a pot, keep it moist, and sprout at 15 ~ 20℃ for 7 ~ 10 days, when the seedling height is 5 cm. When picking seeds, choose strong mother plants, strengthen management, pick with maturity in the fruiting period, and the pods will automatically crack when mature.
Mimosa is a straight-rooted plant with few fibrous roots, which is suitable for sowing and breeding. It is best to use direct seeding to avoid root injury after transplanting. If it must be transplanted, it should be transplanted at the seedling stage, otherwise it will not be easy to survive. As an annual cultivated mimosa, it is usually planted indoors in early spring.
Small pots can be used for direct seeding and shallow pots can be used for seedling raising. Sowing soil is made by sieving 20% humus soil, 30% garden soil and 50% yellow sand. When sowing, first put an appropriate amount of culture soil in the basin, smooth and compact it, sprinkle water with a watering can to make it permeable, and sow immediately after all the water permeates.
Live broadcast in small pots, each pot 1 ~ 2 capsules. If it is a shallow pot seedling, the spacing between seedlings should be 2cm ×2cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil for 3 ~ 5 cm. Cover the basin with glass or plastic film, keep it moist, and put the basin in a place with astigmatism at about 20℃. After the soil in the basin is dry, it will be irrigated by soaking basin method. After about 7 ~ 10 days, the seeds germinated and emerged.
After emergence, the mulch on the pot should be removed and the sunlight should be gradually accepted. When the seedlings grow to 3 cm high, the seedlings planted in shallow pots can be transplanted separately. Seedlings should be transplanted with soil, otherwise they will not survive easily. After watering the seedlings that have just been put into the pot, put them in the shade first, and then move them to the sunny place. Small pot direct seeding can be grown directly in sunny places.
In mid-April in the south and early May in the north, the seedling pots can be moved out for outdoor culture and watered in time to keep the soil moist. When the seedlings grow to four leaves, they can start topdressing. Generally, liquid fertilizer can be applied once every 7 ~ 10 days. When the seedlings grow up, you can change the pots again, but the pots should not be too big. Generally, it can be planted in a medium flowerpot of 15 ~ 20 cm.
5 Application value
Medicinal value
Source: whole plant of Mimosa, Mimosa in Leguminosae. Picking, weeding, cleaning, cutting, drying or rarely used in summer and autumn [3].
Usage and dosage: 25-40g；; Appropriate amount is applied externally, mashed and applied to the affected area.
Chemical composition: the whole plant contains flavonoid glycosides, phenols, amino acids and organic acids, as well as mimosin and mimosin o-β-D- glucoside. Leaves contain myosin-like contractile proteins. The oil content of seeds is about 17%, which is similar to soybean oil. Fatty acids in oil are linolenic acid 0.4%, turbidity 5 1%, oleic acid 3 1%, palmitic acid 8.7%, stearic acid 8.9%, unsaponifiable matter 2.5%, mainly sterols.
Pharmacological effects: mimosa plants, horses, donkeys and other animals can cause hair loss. Mimosin can be regarded as a toxic amino acid, and its structure is similar to tyrosine. Its toxic effect is caused by inhibiting the enzyme system using tyrosine or replacing the position of tyrosine in some important protein. Feed containing 0.5 ~ 1.0% mimosin can cause growth stagnation, alopecia and cataract in rats or mice. People who eat plants containing this alkali will suddenly lose their hair. It has a slight inhibitory effect on alkaline phosphatase, but has no obvious inhibitory effect on metal-containing enzyme system. Its low-iron complex is much less toxic. A large amount of tyrosine can antagonize the growth inhibition of mimosin in rats.
Nature and taste: sweet, cold and poisonous.
① Introduction of raw medicinal materials: "Slightly sweet in taste and cold in nature."
② Annals of Nanning Medicine: "Sweet, cold and slightly toxic."
③ Practical Chinese herbal medicine: "Slightly cold in nature and slightly bitter in taste."
Indications: clearing away heat and diuresis, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, calming nerves and relieving pain, removing toxic substances and removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding and astringing. Can be used for treating common cold, infantile high fever, acute conjunctivitis, bronchitis, gastritis, enteritis, urinary calculi, malaria and neurasthenia; External use can be used to treat traumatic swelling and pain, sores, hemoptysis and herpes zoster.
① Essential medicinal materials: "Pain relieving and detumescence."
Mimosa ② Seeking for this grassland: "Apply sores"
③ Collection of Lingnan Materia Medica: "Treating eye heat pain."
④ Annals of Nanning Medicine: "Clearing liver and purging fire, treating infantile malnutrition, hyperactivity of liver-fire and external treatment of ulcers."
⑤ Manual of Chinese Herbal Medicine Commonly Used in Guangjun: "Tranquilize the nerves."
⑥ "Practical Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Clearing heat and promoting diuresis. Treat deep abscess, enteritis, gastritis, hernia and infantile malnutrition.
[attachment]
1. High fever in children: 9 grams of mimosa. Decoct with water.
2. Chronic tracheitis: mimosa root (fresh) 100g, HongLing root (fresh) 18g. Decoct with water, daily 1 dose, twice.
Second service. 10 day is a course of treatment, with two consecutive courses.
3. Treatment of acute hepatitis: mimosa 15 ~ 60g. Decoct with water. Selected works of Guangxi materia medica
4. Treatment of acute enteritis: 60 grams of mimosa. Decoct with water. Qingdao handbook of Chinese herbal medicine
5. Treatment of gastroenteritis and urinary calculi: Mimosa 15g, Akebia Akebia 10g, Lygodium japonicum 10g, Plantago asiatica 15g. Water decoction
Take it. Yearbook of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine 1979
6. Treatment of strain and hemoptysis: mimosa 9g, agrimony 15g, Eclipta prostrata and lotus root. Decoct with water. Or mimosa,
Turmeric is ground into powder equivalent, each time 1.5 ~ 3g, twice a day, and taken with wine as appropriate. Anhui Chinese herbal medicine
7. Treatment of neurasthenia and insomnia: mimosa 98, Polygonum multiflorum 30g. Decoct with water. Anhui Chinese herbal medicine
8. Treatment of neurasthenia: 30 grams of mimosa, 9 grams of polygala tenuifolia and 9 grams of Ziziphus jujuba seeds. Decoct with water. Qingdao handbook of Chinese herbal medicine
9. Treatment of unknown swelling and herpes zoster: fresh mimosa whole grass (or fresh leaves) is appropriate, and loyalty is broken. Zhejiang medicine
Using flora
10. Treatment of trauma:
(1) Mimosa and Lycopodium each 15g. Decoct in water, add wine, and take some warm clothes. Anhui Chinese herbal medicine.
(2) 60g of mimosa and 9g of corydalis yanhusuo. Grinding, mixing with wine, and externally applying. Qingdao handbook of Chinese herbal medicine
Precautions: ① Pregnant women should not take it. This product has anesthetic effect and should not be taken in excess.
Mimosa is a little toxic, so it must not be taken alone, but should be used together with other drugs. Especially in animal husbandry, eating mimosa by mistake often causes animal diseases. Among them, the most common poisoning is caused by cattle eating mimosa, which usually occurs in winter. Cattle poisoning is characterized by depression, grinding teeth, wheezing, dyspnea, neurological symptoms and edema. In addition, because of mimosin, camels, horses and other animals eat mimosin, and mice eat 0. 5% ~ 1.0% mimosin can also cause depilation, cataract and growth inhibition. However, human consumption or excessive contact with mimosa can also lead to hair loss.
toxicity
Mimosin o-β-D- glucoside is slightly toxic. Long-term contact or taking can make hair follicles in skin cells decline, thus making hair and eyebrows yellow or even fall off.
Ornamental value
Mimosa is scattered in a plant shape, with slender and beautiful feathers, and the leaves close at the touch; Mimosa flowers are numerous, delicate and touching, giving people the impression of being weak and delicate. It can be planted in the corner of the courtyard or potted in the window. When sending flowers, gently cover the potted plants with pink tulle and tie them with pink ribbons. It would be more interesting if you could decorate it with pink mohair balls.
Other values
Forecast the weather
Mimosa is a magical plant, which can predict the weather changes. If you touch it with your hand, its leaves will close quickly and open slowly, which means the weather will clear up; If you touch the mimosa, its leaves will shrink slowly, droop slowly, and even open again after a little closing, which indicates that the weather will turn from sunny to cloudy or it will rain soon.
The opening and closing speed of mimosa leaves can predict sunny weather, mainly because there is a small drum-shaped thin-walled cell tissue-leaf pad in the neck of mimosa leaves, which is filled with water. When you touch the mimosa leaves with your hands, as soon as the leaves vibrate, the water in the cells at the lower part of the leaf pad immediately flows upward to both sides, causing the lower part of the leaf pad to contract, the upper part to bulge, the petiole to droop and the leaves to close. Therefore, the opening and closing of leaves is caused by the expansion and compression of leaf pads. The expansion effect of the leaf pad is closely related to the humidity in the air. When the air humidity is very low, the expansion effect of the leaf pad is obvious, and the opening and closing speed of the leaves is fast. When the air humidity is high, the opening and closing speed of blades is slow. Therefore, the opening and closing speed of mimosa leaves indirectly reflects the humidity in the air, which can be used as a reference for weather forecast.
Earthquake prediction
According to Turkish seismologist Erjiang, a few hours before a strong earthquake, the leaves of mimosa, which are sensitive to external touch, will suddenly shrink and then wither. In earthquake-prone Japan, scientists found that mimosa blooms during the day and closes at night under normal circumstances. If the leaves of mimosa are closed during the day and open at night, it is a precursor to an earthquake. For example:1938 65438+1October1At 7: 00 in the morning, the mimosa began to bloom, but by 10, all the leaves suddenly closed. Sure enough, 13 had a strong effect. During the period of 1976, members of Japan Earthquake Club observed the abnormal closure of mimosa leaves many times, and then an earthquake occurred.
In addition, mimosa can also predict disastrous weather changes, and it will produce unconventional growth activities for sudden anti-seasonal temperature difference, geomagnetic and geoelectric changes. We can put some potted mimosa indoors and observe the prediction and prevention of natural disasters.
6 growth environment
Mimosa has strong adaptability, likes warm and moist, grows well in moist and fertile soil, has strict requirements on soil, is not cold-resistant, likes light, but can tolerate semi-shade, and is now used as an ornamental plant in the family. Generally born in jungles on hillsides and wet places along roadsides.
7 distribution
Originated in tropical South America, it is cultivated all over China because of its easy growth and survival. There is no obvious geographical distribution division, and it is more common in East China, South China and Southwest China.
8 name source
Things are different from animals, they have no nervous system and muscles, and they can't perceive external stimuli. Different from ordinary plants, mimosa will lower its petiole and close its small leaves when exposed to the outside world. This action is understood as "shyness", so it is called mimosa, grass that knows shame and grass that is afraid of ugliness.
Mimosa cells are supported by protein's "actin" (that is, the sensitive contractile body of the occipital lobe), and they are fine reticular structures. When the closed movement occurs, the phosphoric acid of actin will fall off. As long as the mimosa is allowed to absorb the compound that does not let the phosphoric acid fall off, it will not change after contact. Professor Tsuya pointed out that when actin bundles are dispersed, cells are destroyed, resulting in water depletion and closed movement. Femoral actin generally exists in animal muscle fibers and is related to muscle contraction. I didn't expect it to be found in mimosa. It's quite rare.
The movement of plants is usually caused by the change of intracellular expansion pressure. Most mature plant cells have a large vacuole. When the vacuole is filled with water, it will press the surrounding cytoplasm tightly against the cell wall, giving the cell wall a kind of pressure and making the cell swell hard, just like an inflated balloon. The concentration of organic and inorganic substances in vacuoles determines the osmotic pressure, which can determine the diffusion direction of water. When the vacuole concentration increases, the osmotic pressure increases, and water diffuses from outside the cell into the vacuole, which increases the swelling pressure of the cell and makes the cell swell. On the contrary, cells will shrink. This process can only cause slow movements, such as the opening and closing of pores.
If you touch the leaves of a mimosa, it will close immediately. The greater the impact, the faster the closing speed, and the whole leaf hangs down like a faint, and the whole action is completed in a few seconds. The leaves and petioles of mimosa have special structures. There is a relatively enlarged part on the petiole and leaflet base of compound leaves, which is called leaf pillow. Leaf pillow is the most sensitive to stimulation. Once it touches the leaf, the stimulus immediately spreads to the leaf pillow at the base of the petiole, so that the two small leaves are closed, and the tactile force is strong, not only to the leaf pillow of the lobule, but also to the leaf pillow at the base of the petiole soon, and the whole petiole droops. Why is this happening? This is because there is a large vascular bundle in the center of occipital bone, which is surrounded by parenchyma and has many intercellular spaces. When the vibration is transmitted to the occipital lobe, the cellular fluid in the parenchyma cells in the upper part of the occipital lobe is discharged into the intercellular space, which reduces the swelling pressure of the cells in the upper part of the occipital lobe, while the original swelling pressure is maintained in the lower intercellular space. As a result, the leaflets stand upright, the two leaflets are close together, and even the whole leaf hangs down. It has been studied that mimosa leaves will close within 0.08 seconds after being stimulated. After stimulation, the conduction speed is also very fast, and the highest speed reaches 10 cm per second. After the stimulation, after a while, everything slowly returned to normal, the leaflets unfolded again, and the petiole stood up. The recovery time is generally 5- 10 minutes. However, if we continue to tease and stimulate its leaves one by one, it will feel "bored" and no longer respond. This is because the continuous stimulation makes the cell fluid in the occipital lobe cells lose and cannot be replenished in time.
This special skill of mimosa has its historical roots. Its hometown is Brazil in tropical South America, where there are often strong winds and heavy rains. Whenever the first drop of rain hits the leaves, it immediately closes the leaves and hangs down the petiole to avoid the damage of the storm. This is an adaptation to changes in external environmental conditions. In addition, the movement of mimosa can also be regarded as a way of self-defense. When the animal touched it lightly, it closed the leaves, and the animal dared not eat any more.
Mimosa has an enlarged part in petiole and petiole base, which is called "leaf mattress". The leaf pad is very sensitive to stimulation, and there are many parenchyma cells in its central part. When these cells are at rest, they will transport negatively charged chloride ions into the cells, and at the same time transport oxygen ions outside the cells, so as to keep a certain potential difference between the cell membrane and the adjacent areas, which is called electrostatic potential. When the external stimulus exceeds a certain limit, this differential permeability will suddenly change, and a large number of positively charged calcium ions will flood into cells, while potassium ions will do the opposite, which will increase the potential in the membrane and even become positive potential, thus generating action potential. This phenomenon is called depolarization. The action potential will be transmitted. When the cell reaches the action potential, that is, depolarization occurs, the differential permeability of the cell membrane will disappear, so that the water originally stored in the vacuole will be discharged instantly, and the cell will lose its expansion pressure and become soft. Therefore, when the leaf pad at the base of the petiole is stimulated, the swelling pressure of the parenchyma cells at the upper part of the leaf pad decreases, while the parenchyma cells at the lower part still maintain the original swelling pressure, making the leaflets stand upright along the petiole direction. The vascular bundles in the petiole synthesize a large pipe in the leaf pad to accommodate the water discharged from the leaf pad.
9 reasons for shame
The research team led by Takashi Tsuya, a Japanese professor at sophia university, uncovered the mystery of the closed movement of mimosa: the cells of mimosa are supported by tiny reticular protein "actin". When the closed movement occurs, the phosphoric acid of actin will fall off. As long as the mimosa is allowed to absorb the compound that does not let the phosphoric acid fall off, it will not change after contact. Professor Tsuya pointed out that when actin bundles are dispersed, cells are destroyed, resulting in water depletion and closed movement. Femoral actin generally exists in animal muscle fibers and is related to muscle contraction. I didn't expect it to be found in mimosa. It's quite rare.
The movement of plants is usually caused by the change of intracellular expansion pressure. Most mature plant cells have a large vacuole. When the vacuole is filled with water, it will press the surrounding cytoplasm tightly against the cell wall, giving the cell wall a kind of pressure and making the cell swell hard, just like an inflated balloon. The concentration of organic and inorganic substances in vacuoles determines the osmotic pressure, which can determine the diffusion direction of water. When the vacuole concentration increases, the osmotic pressure increases, and water diffuses from outside the cell into the vacuole, which increases the swelling pressure of the cell and makes the cell swell. On the contrary, cells will shrink. This process can only cause slow movements, such as the opening and closing of pores.
If you touch the leaves of a mimosa, it will close immediately. The greater the impact, the faster the closing speed, and the whole leaf hangs down like a faint, and the whole action is completed in a few seconds. It is not dominated by the nervous system, but the semi-permeability of the cells at the base and part of the petiole suddenly changes, resulting in rapid swelling and pressure changes.
Petiole and petiole base have enlarged parts, which are called "leaf pillows". Occipital bone is very sensitive to stimulation, and there are many parenchyma cells in its center. When these cells are at rest, they will transport negatively charged chloride ions into the cells, and at the same time transport oxygen ions outside the cells, so as to keep a certain potential difference between the cell membrane and the adjacent areas, which is called electrostatic potential. When the external stimulus exceeds a certain limit, this differential permeability will suddenly change, and a large number of positively charged calcium ions will flood into cells, while potassium ions will do the opposite, which will increase the potential in the membrane and even become positive potential, thus generating action potential. This phenomenon is called depolarization. The action potential will be transmitted. When the cell reaches the action potential, that is, depolarization occurs, the differential permeability of the cell membrane will disappear, so that the water originally stored in the vacuole will be discharged instantly, and the cell will lose its expansion pressure and become soft. Therefore, when the occipital lobe at the base of the petiole is stimulated, the swelling pressure of the parenchyma cells at the upper part of the occipital lobe decreases, while the parenchyma cells at the lower part still maintain the original swelling pressure, making the lobule stand upright along the petiole direction. The vascular bundle in the petiole synthesizes a large pipe in the leaf pillow to accommodate the water discharged from the leaf pillow.