Ten years of landscape: a journey of exploration and practice?

1. Macroeconomic background of the ten years of landscape development

Relevant public statistics tell us that in the past 10 years, China’s GDP has increased by about 12 trillion, and the urbanized population has increased by nearly 10 %, equivalent to the population of 10 Oceania, urban construction land increased by 2.8 million hectares, equivalent to 5 Shanghai; at the same time, cultivated land decreased by 2.5 million hectares, equivalent to 1.4 arable land of Zhejiang Province; in these 10 years , we see the spread of expressways across the land of China. By the end of 2007, the total mileage of expressways reached 41,000 kilometers, ranking second in the world. While Chinese cyclists enjoy the ease of being connected in all directions, we see the vast land was broken, rural communities were separated, natural processes and biological flows were cut; on May 20, 2006, the last concrete bin of the Three Gorges Dam was poured, marking the completion of the main body of the world's largest water conservancy project. In addition to building the world In addition to the largest dam, China also has the largest number of dams in the world, with a total of more than 25,000 dams (while the United States only has more than 8,700 dams). China's surface water system has undergone devastating changes, and a large number of rivers have died; in 1998 China experienced the largest flood in the 20th century (the flood level of the Yangtze River was the highest, although the total flood volume was not the largest). "Strictly guard against death" became a slogan known to women and children. As a result, in the next 10 years, what we saw was the worst flood in a century. Once in 500 years, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River and the long coastline were firmly blocked by flood control embankments. Subsequently, we saw the disappearance of the Baiji dolphins in the Yangtze River, the proliferation of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake, and the large number of fish in Dongting Lake. Death...; In the past 10 years, the shadow of global warming has shrouded the entire world and become more and more terrifying. If the rise of sea levels and desertification are still far away from us and make us indifferent, when we see it happening before our eyes With rivers drying up, wetlands disappearing in large areas, and groundwater declining, our sense of crisis is no longer unfounded. In response to drought and water shortages, we see the South-to-North Water Diversion Project being extended and will soon become a Another "beautiful landscape" on the land of China, spanning the north and south. Starting from the Kunming World Expo in 1999, to the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the upcoming 2010 Shanghai World Expo, the beautification movement of Chinese cities has been one after another. We have seen the emergence of super-scale public buildings and municipal construction, and major roads. Heda Square created a Chinese-style urban landscape of this era; in early 2006, "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Construction of a New Socialist Rural Area" was published as the No. 1 central document. Since then, the torrent of great landscape changes has begun. Water, road networks and cities spread to the vast countryside and land; at this time, the Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in Sichuan, disfiguring mountains and rivers, destroying cities, cutting off roads, and the horrific landscape buried 80,000 lives. All of this has happened in the past 10 years. China's landscape has undergone tremendous changes that have not been seen in 5,000 years.

Landscape is a reflection of social form and the imprint of society’s values, aesthetics and overall ideology on the earth. From these great changes in the landscape pattern and process, we can also see that we are always learning, awakening, understanding the meaning of harmony between man and nature, and comprehending the true meaning of survival. After the great flood in 1998, on October 20, 1998, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Several Opinions on Post-disaster Reconstruction, River and Lake Regulation, and Water Conservancy Construction." Subsequently, starting in 1999, the Party Central Committee and the State Council In order to improve the ecological environment, major decisions were made to return farmland to forests and lakes, and many positive changes have occurred in the land and landscape; on February 16, 2004, the Ministry of Construction, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance The Ministry of Public Security jointly issued a notice clearly proposing to suspend the construction of wide roads and large squares in the city. Although the urban make-up movement did not end because of this, the urban landscape has become an issue of concern to the country's top leaders; in 2003, at the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, The idea of ​​the Scientific Outlook on Development was first proposed in 2007 and was written into the new Party Constitution at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In the same year, General Secretary Hu Jintao proposed "building an ecological civilization" in his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This is a For the first time, the ruling party has written the concept of "ecological civilization" into the party's action program, and China's landscape will surely turn a new page.

The construction and development of China’s landscape design discipline and profession unfolded against the above-mentioned grand social and economic changes and the vivid background they projected on the earth.

In the limited space, it is obviously difficult to fully display this epic and grand scene. I can only look back on my personal experience, which is similar to that of an extra in a big drama, and how I played my role in step with the rhythm of the times.

2. Personal experience of ten years of search

Homeland ecological security and harmonious relationship between man and land are China’s top priorities. Unwise land use and urban expansion have destroyed the structure of the earth’s living organism. and functions have been severely damaged, leading to a comprehensive decline in the service functions of the earth's ecosystems, including frequent floods and droughts, a decline in the self-purification ability of the earth's life systems, the disappearance of species, the destruction of urban features, etc. For more than 10 years, I and my team have been conducting continuous theoretical and practical exploration in response to major issues such as China's severe man-land relationship, land ecological security, and urbanization. I strive to build a bridge between ecological science and landscape, urban and regional planning practices, so that the scientific understanding of living land can be reflected in the structural language of physical space on the landscape interface, and ultimately make land use and urban development planning more scientific and wise.

First, he systematically proposed the theory and method of landscape safety pattern internationally, and then proposed the "anti-planning" theory and planning methodology based on ecological infrastructure, and comprehensively applied it in territorial planning, urban and regional planning. , new rural construction planning, and played an active role in the planning and construction decisions of many ministries and cities, completing a number of demonstration projects with international influence.

2.1 Landscape security pattern During the research, I realized that the solution to the tense and contradictory relationship between man and land in China is not only in the relationship of quantity, but more importantly, in the relationship of spatial pattern. Therefore, as early as when I was a doctoral student at Harvard University, I proposed the concept of Landscape Security Pattern in my doctoral thesis, trying to maintain the ecological security of the country by establishing a key landscape pattern. Inspired by the space strategy of Chinese Go, I proposed the idea of ​​effectively ensuring the health and safety of certain natural and humanistic processes by controlling key patterns in space, namely landscape security patterns (Security Patterns), which were later published in Published in domestic and foreign journals. The characteristic of landscape security pattern research is that the horizontal landscape process is regarded as a series of controlled processes. These horizontal processes need to overcome spatial resistance to achieve landscape coverage and control. To achieve the most effective landscape coverage and control opportunities, it is necessary to occupy special features. Strategically significant elements, parts, spatial locations and connections. In the context of extremely limited land in China, the landscape security pattern has practical application value in how to use land efficiently, especially in coordinating the contradiction between protection and land development. After 1998, he chaired two natural science funds, continued to conduct research on landscape safety patterns, and implemented a large number of planning practices. This basic methodological exploration laid the foundation for the establishment of future landscape ecological planning and ecological infrastructure networks for national, regional and urban areas. Of course, many technical problems remain to be overcome.

2.2 Ecological Infrastructure In the research, we realized that the main root cause of China’s land ecological security problems lies in the segmented management between departments and the “small decision-making” aiming at a single function, which is reflected in the land Various ecological processes and landscape patterns are fragmented and fragmented. To this end, in the process of combining theoretical research on landscape security patterns with a large number of urban and regional landscape planning practices, the Peking University landscape design research team and I systematically proposed and improved the concept of ecological infrastructure (Ecological Infrastructure, referred to as EI). It is used to integrate various services of the ecosystem, integrate the landscape security patterns of each single process into a complete landscape security network on the earth, and propose a spatial strategy for establishing urban, regional and territorial EI.

EI is the basis for cities and their residents to continuously obtain ecosystem services (Ecosystem sservices). These ecosystem service functions include providing fresh air, food, sports, recreation, safe shelter, aesthetics and education, etc. wait. It not only includes the concept of customary urban green space systems, but more broadly includes all urban green space systems, forestry and agricultural systems, and natural reserve systems that can provide the above-mentioned natural services, and can further be extended to cultural heritage with nature as the background. network.

Just as the sustainability of urban development depends on forward-looking municipal infrastructure (road systems, water supply and drainage systems, etc.), the sustainability of urban ecology depends on forward-looking EI. The term ecological infrastructure itself is not the first time I have proposed it. , some people in the world have used the term EI, but it only appears as a descriptive term in the field of biological protection. My contribution lies in the systematic and clear definition of EI as a landscape pattern that integrates various ecosystem service functions and heritage protection functions, and then develops it into an infrastructure that guides and defines the development of urban space, as reflected in :

(1) Combine EI with comprehensive ecosystem service functions, emphasizing the comprehensive service functions of basic landscape structures, including stormwater management, biological protection, heritage protection and recreation, etc., making EI scientific Functional measurement indicators have improved the scientific nature of land planning, urban and regional planning, especially land ecological security planning.

(2) Use landscape security pattern as a basic technical means to identify and establish ecological infrastructure, and combine it with geographic information systems and spatial analysis technology.

(3) Use EI as the basic structure of land ecological security, urban and regional development, and connect it with the current land and construction planning at the macro, meso and micro levels to become an ecological civilization Building spatial infrastructure.

The recently completed scientific research project "Research on Land Ecological Security Pattern" commissioned by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China and the "Research on Ecological Security Pattern of Beijing" commissioned by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, completed by Peking University's Landscape Architecture Institute, allow us to examine A systematic approach to the establishment of ecological infrastructure networks at different scales from national to regional and local levels. It is expected to be extended to land and urban planning across the country in the near future.

2.3 “Anti-Planning”

In our research, we realized that one of the main causes of systemic ecological and environmental crises in Chinese cities is the current planning methodology and planning system. It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive reflection on the material space planning methodology that is oriented by "population-scale-nature" and formed under the planned economic system. The existing urban and regional development planning methods (i.e., the "population-nature-layout" model) cannot enable the implementation of ecological infrastructure with comprehensive service functions. The ideals of ecology and harmony are difficult to realize under the old development planning model. To this end, we propose an "anti-planning" approach and practice starting from "inverse" planning methods and "negative" planning results, by establishing ecological infrastructure to guide and define urban spatial development in the context of rapid urbanization. This approach emphasizes:

(1) A "reverse" planning process - first in the name of the health and safety of the living land, in the name of lasting public interests, rather than from the immediate perspective Urban and regional land planning should be based on the interests of developers and development needs.

(2) "Negative" planning results - reversing the map-ground relationship between urban construction and non-construction areas. What is reflected in the planning results is a mandatory non-development area and its type and control. Intensity constitutes the restrictive and guiding pattern of the city, while the development area is regarded as a changeable "map", leaving it to the market to improve. This restrictive pattern also defines the space for buildable land and is the framework that supports the urban spatial form. It is not a simple "blank space" or a mere non-construction area, but a complete and critical structure of the living land.

(3) Comprehensive solution approach: The "anti-planning" approach attempts to comprehensively and comprehensively solve the territorial problems by establishing ecological infrastructure - a landscape security pattern that ensures the safety and health of natural and human processes. Ecological security issues, urban ecology, characteristics and morphological issues.

After years of research, we have developed a set of operational methods and a large number of cases. “Anti-planning” is the Chinese version of Landscape Urbanism and is also an operational approach to China’s current ecological planning. "Anti-Planning"

As soon as it was published, it caused a strong response in the fields of urban and territorial planning, cultural relics protection and environmental protection. Two completely different comments emerged, causing strong resistance and blockade from some "authorities" in the planning community. On the other hand, we have seen that "anti-planning" has been widely welcomed by many localities and departments. We have seen that Beijing's master plan began with "anti-planning", Shenzhen carried out "anti-planning" with great fanfare, and there are also Taizhou, Dongying, and Heze City leaders have found a way out of the dead end of traditional planning through "anti-planning".

In the planning of China’s main functional areas under the auspices of the National Development and Reform Commission, we also see the role of “anti-planning”. In recent years, the Ministry of Construction has been more or less affected by the "anti-planning" thinking from the "Revision of Urban Planning Preparation Methods" to the revision of the "Urban Planning Law". Recently, the land use planning of the land department has also seriously absorbed some ideas and methods of "anti-planning". "Anti-planning" declares that it is the landscape, not the architecture, that will determine the development form and characteristics of the city; it is the ecological process and pattern, not the predictions and assumptions of population and socio-economics, that should and will eventually determine the spatial development and layout of the city. .

2.4 The Art of Survival and Criticism of Traditional Gardens During the research, we realized that for thousands of years, our ancestors have continuously competed and reconciled with the natural world to obtain the right to survive. It is the core of landscape architecture and an art of survival. However, this "art of survival" has long been covered up and castrated by the so-called gardening art in upper culture in China and the world. Although gardening art also reflects the relationship between man and land to a certain extent, it is one-sided and many are even false. Therefore, in order to establish landscape architecture as an art of survival, we must clear away the clouds and see the sun, and we must start by criticizing and exposing the traditional gardens of feudal literati. To this end, since returning to China in 1997, I have written a series of critical articles on the so-called "national quintessence" of gardens, and at the same time exposed the misunderstandings of urban landscaping in China over the past few decades. This exposure was reflected in the criticism of the anti-seepage project in the Old Summer Palace. The aesthetics and values ​​​​of traditional gardens are an important source of various misunderstandings in contemporary China's urban environment construction and urban make-up movements. They are feudal remnants that must but cannot be eliminated by the new cultural and ideological movement. These criticisms are also unacceptable to some of the old and young people today who regard Chinese classical gardens as the quintessence of the nation. They even used the name of the Society of Landscape Architecture to issue red-letter documents to slander my keynote report at the International IFLA Conference and ASLA Annual Conference in 2006. , big buckle. In fact they misread and misrepresented my position and views to a great extent. My position is: traditional gardens are a precious heritage. In the name of inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditions of the motherland, we must not give the heritage the important mission of solving the environmental problems that contemporary China must face. China needs new gardens, even The new discipline, this new discipline, is landscape architecture. It finds its origins in another Chinese tradition, a fine tradition that is the science and art of survival in the relationship between man and the land, rather than the recreational arts of emperors and scholar-bureaucrats. This tradition of survival art is the true foundation of why China is full of poetry and painting, and the foundation of the "Peach Blossom Land" that is productive, safe, beautiful and healthy.

In contemporary China, the balance between man and nature has once again been broken, the "Peach Blossom Spring" in the agricultural era will disappear, and the survival of the Chinese nation is once again facing crises, including environmental and ecological crises, and the loss of cultural identity. crisis and the crisis of losing our spiritual home. This is also an unprecedented opportunity faced by landscape architecture. Landscape architecture should regain its true identity as the "art of survival" and assume an important responsibility in the process of creating a new "Peach Blossom Land". In order to be qualified for this role, landscape architecture must completely abandon the hypocrisy and emptiness of gardening art and return to the real "survival art" of coordinating the relationship between man and land; it must be in the real relationship between man and land, in the ordinary and daily life Position and develop itself without getting lost in the illusory "garden"; spatially, it must build ecological infrastructure through "anti-planning" to guide urban development, protect ecology and cultural heritage, and rebuild heaven, earth, man and god of harmony. Just as the ancient "Feng Shui" pattern maintains the health and safety of the earth's natural processes, the survival of the contemporary Chinese nation relies on and is built on an ecological infrastructure that can maintain the safety and health of ecological processes. This will therefore also be the contemporary landscape. The core content of design.

2.5 Criticize the urban make-up movement and advocate the culture of one-step and the beauty of wild grass. During the research, we realized that the reason why Chinese cities are so greedy for big things and seeking foreign things, and the landscapes are so vulgar, is rooted in the consciousness of small farmers, the consciousness of nouveau riche, and The accumulation of feudal totalitarian consciousness. If this kind of dirt is not removed, it will be impossible to form a high-grade urban landscape, and the conservation-oriented ecological city will have no connection with China. The native cultural landscape and native natural landscape of the vast rural areas will not be protected, and China's man-land relationship will be in crisis. It will be impossible to solve. Our cities, buildings and landscapes, just like the classical Chinese works criticized by Hu Shi, are full of "abnormal landscapes" or classical Chinese works called landscapes.

They talk without meaning and moan without illness; they are far away from life, the people, and the basic functional needs of the city; they not only imitate the ancients, but also better imitate ancient foreigners and modern imperial foreigners. Look at those hypocritical and empty, so-called "poetic" antique gardens that are far away from the land and life, mixed with the decadent genes of Western Baroque, attached to the undead from the ruins of ancient Rome and the ruins of the Old Summer Palace, and then added with all kinds of vulgar and colorful decorations. His ability in makeup has given birth to freaks in China's contemporary urban landscape. In order to clear away the feudal filth and create contemporary Chinese landscapes and cities, we must carry out the New Culture and Thought Movement to the end, thoroughly criticize the two thousand years of feudal ideology, and professionally criticize the traditional gardening ideas of emperors and feudal literati. Promote the culture of one step and the beauty of wild grass, return to the land, return to normality, return to the real relationship between man and land, and create a new hometown of New China. This new vernacular originates from the land of China, meets the needs of contemporary Chinese people, and can use contemporary technology and materials to most effectively solve the ecological and environmental problems, energy and resource problems faced by contemporary China, that is, the Chinese people A new landscape of continued survival and life problems.

2.6 Vernacular cultural landscape and industrial heritage Also based on the understanding of vernacular landscape and vernacular landscape, we have carried out research on vernacular cultural landscape and learned from it. It was my “Feng Shui” research 20 years ago that made me discover the charm of rural landscapes. To a large extent, "Feng Shui" is a kind of local landscape, which is different from the buildings and landscapes of scholar-bureaucrats and royal families. Its deeper meaning is the art of survival. To this end, I revealed the deep meaning of the "Feng Shui" model from two aspects: the survival experience in the development of human systems and the cultural and ecological experience of national development, and proposed that the ideal "Feng Shui" model is the biological and cultural genes of Chinese people. the schema on. After 1998, research on rural landscapes expanded to broader pastoral areas and settlements, and became more integrated with planning and design practices. Starting from the study of the local cultural landscape in the Honghe area of ​​Yunnan, to the research and design practice of the local cultural landscape in the western Sichuan Plain, the research and design practice of the cultural landscape in Tibetan areas, and then to the recent damage to the local landscape that may be caused by the construction of new rural areas, and then A case study on the planning of Magang Village in Shunde, Guangdong, which all reflects my fascination with rural landscapes. The core part of this cultural landscape is pastoralism, which is an art of survival, a harmonious unity of truth, goodness and beauty. It is the crystallization of human wisdom in adapting to natural processes and patterns for thousands of years. It carries the survival and development of people in a specific region. The history of life also brings new hope for contemporary people to deal with the ecological environment and energy crisis.

Faced with the climax of new rural construction, I had a premonition that large-scale destruction of rural landscapes was coming. Therefore, when the No. 1 Central Document was issued in 2006, I proposed to the leaders of the State Council on protecting a harmonious society. The two basic suggestions are the "Recommendation to carry out the construction of "land ecological security pattern and vernacular heritage landscape network" as soon as possible" and the "Recommendation on establishing the "Grand Canal National Heritage and Ecological Corridor". It has received great attention from the leaders of the State Council and has been adopted by relevant national departments. It actively promotes the State Administration of Cultural Heritage to carry out the third census of cultural relics and pays attention to local cultural heritage. It also actively promotes the research on the Grand Canal National Heritage Corridor and the Grand Canal. It has also promoted the national environmental protection department’s research on the national ecological security pattern.

Also based on the understanding of vernacular landscape and vernacular landscape, we have carried out research and transformation and utilization practice of China’s industrial heritage. China's industrial heritage has not been included in the national cultural relics protection system for a long time. A large number of seemingly ordinary, rusty and "ugly" industrial heritage have been completely destroyed in the process of rapid urbanization. Just as we once treated ancient cities and streets uncivilized, we are rapidly destroying the legacy left by the industrial era on the land of China. To this end, since 1999, the Peking University Landscape Architecture Institute and Turen Design have begun the research and protection practice of industrial heritage, including the renovation and utilization of the Yuezhong Shipyard in Zhongshan, Guangdong (Qijiang Park). Since then, , and has also presided over the design of the former site of Shenyang Smelting Plant, the renovation design of Suzhou Taihe Flour Mill, the design of the former site utilization of Beijing Yanshan Gas Appliance Factory, the preliminary research of the green space design in the center of Shanghai Expo 2010, and the recent preliminary research of the relocation of the Capital Steel Plant. We have accumulated experience from numerous successes and failures, while drawing on international industrial heritage research and practical examples, in particular the International Charter for the Protection of Industrial Heritage.

On this basis, I submitted the "Recommendations on the Protection of China's Industrial Heritage" to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in April 2006, and mainly drafted the "Wuxi Recommendations" aimed at protecting industrial heritage. On April 18, 2006, the "Wuxi Recommendations" were adopted at China's first Industrial Heritage Conference held in Wuxi, hosted by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, marking the formal inclusion of China's industrial heritage protection on the agenda. With the in-depth study of local cultural landscapes, the study of the rich linear cultural heritage and heritage corridors in China, including the Grand Canal, has increasingly entered our research horizons. In fact, many of my master's and doctoral students' research topics are related to this aspect. The recently completed linear heritage network study at the national scale has identified 17 cultural heritage routes in China that have important historical and cultural value and are of strategic significance to the protection of cultural heritage across the country, expanding our horizons to the entire country.

2.7 New Vernacular Landscape Demonstration Recognizing the importance of demonstration projects, I have presided over the implementation of many demonstration projects for urban and rural ecological environment construction and urban development across the country. They have been widely published in major international authoritative professional magazines. Introductions, citations and reviews, and the honor of winning many international awards. These projects are all demonstration projects that address the major environmental, energy and resource issues currently facing China. They are the "new vernacular landscape" that the author has been advocating. Among them, Qijiang Park in Zhongshan, Guangdong embodies the beauty of culture and wild grass, advocates a new ethics and new aesthetics that respects local culture and local environment, turns decay into magic, and makes an ordinary shipyard site a widely popular among citizens and It is a new urban landscape and recreational place that tourists love, and arouses Chinese people's attention to industrial heritage; the rice field campus of Shenyang Jianzhu University advocates the concept of land conservation and vernacular landscape, and completely and vividly reproduces China's agricultural production process in contemporary cities. In the campus, landscape is used as a production process and experience, so that young Chinese can feel the meaning of "farming and studying" and rebuild the spiritual connection between people and the land; Zhejiang Yongning Park, by establishing an urban ecological flood control system and integrating urban ecological infrastructure, It advocates the art of survival that is friends with floods, rather than simple engineering or cosmetic art; the red ribbon in the green shade - Tanghe Park advocates how to use the least artificial intervention to organically combine contemporary art and ecology to make the natural wasteland Effectively "urbanize" while maintaining the integrity of natural systems and their ecological services to the greatest extent, becoming a model of conservation-oriented urban green space; and the "anti-planning" Taizhou case systematically uses "anti-planning" theories and methods , carry out urban spatial development planning and achieve an organic combination of smart protection and smart growth.

Practice has proven that these demonstration projects play a very positive role in promoting the construction of ecological environment in cities and regions, especially in promoting the construction of conservation-oriented urban green spaces, and have also produced major impacts internationally. response.

2.8 Education In practice, we realize that under China’s current system, the concepts and results of ecological planning must be realized through decision-makers in urban and regional construction, and educating and influencing them has to become contemporary scientific research work To this end, Li Dihua and I co-authored the book "The Road to Urban Landscape - Communication with Mayors" (reprinted nearly 10 times in 4 years), and taught classes for mayors and ministers, municipal and director level and above There are tens of thousands of cadre beneficiaries. If landscape is the projection of human consciousness and values ​​on the earth, then changing the values ​​and environmental awareness of decision-makers is the most effective way to create a good landscape.

Single scientific research and projects are not enough to solve the systemic man-land relationship crisis in China, and traditional disciplines have great limitations in responding to the severe land ecological security crisis. Rebuilding the harmonious man-land relationship is an important task. Relying on a new subject system and a large number of professional talents, they must have a clear understanding of land ethics, systematic scientific arming, sound humanistic cultivation and mastery of modern technology. Such a science and art of systematic analysis, planning, protection, management and restoration of land is landscape architecture, or more precisely "land design".

To this end, I spared no effort to promote discipline construction and talent training. Together with my colleagues, I founded the Peking University Landscape Architecture Institute, and created a Master of Science degree program in Landscape Architecture and an in-service professional Master's degree program in Landscape Architecture under the geography discipline. As a result, it has greatly promoted the discipline construction of related majors across the country, and directly promoted the establishment of the newly established landscape architect profession by relevant national departments, and defined this profession as: harmonizing the relationship between man and land, making cities, buildings and people The science and art of all activities in harmony with the living earth.

Ten years of hard work have made me deeply realize that to solve China’s severe territorial ecological security and man-land relationship crises, we must make systematic breakthroughs and innovations, including concepts, theories, methods, education systems and talents. Cultivation model, even including the concept and mechanism of "scientific research" itself, and devote themselves to social practice. Only in this way will "scientific development concept and harmonious society", "rebuilding beautiful mountains and rivers" and "creating ecological civilization" not become empty words. These are what I have thought and considered in the past 10 years, and what I have done in the past 10 years. They are right and wrong. I would like to say that those who are good are qualified to talk about success or failure. I would like to use this as a lesson for those who come after me.

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