Brief introduction of Li Dan (wife of Li Shouxing)
How many years was Li Dan emperor?
8 years
Li Dan ascended the throne twice in his life and abdicated the world three times. From the first year of civilization to the second year of his reign (684-690), from the first year of Jing Yun to the first year of Yanhe (765,438+00 to 765,438+02), he reigned for eight years.
Li Dan was named Yin Wang, Ji Wang, Xiang Wang and Yu Wang at the beginning of the calendar, and proclaimed himself emperor in Si Shengyuan (684), but he was only a puppet of his mother Wu Zetian. After the establishment of Wu Zhou, he was reduced to heir, later renamed Xiang Wang, and participated in the Dragon Coup.
In the first year of Jing Yun (7 10), after the political changes in Tang Long, he was re-elected as emperor. He cherished his sister Princess Taiping, which led her to get involved in politics and compete with Prince Li Longji for power. In the first year of congenital (7 12), Zen was located in Li Longji, and he abdicated as the Emperor's Father.
Related history
In February 684, Wu Zetian of Tang Zhongzong abolished Tang Zhongzong as the king of Luling, and in the same month, he did not become the emperor of Hitachi, and changed his title to "civilization". Tang Ruizong and Wu Zetian still ordered him to live in the palace, and he was not allowed to participate in state affairs. All military power was handled by Wu Zetian, and Tang Ruizong had no real power, even the power to interfere in state affairs, and became a puppet.
In September 690, Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor and changed his country name to Wu Zhou. Tang Ruizong was abolished, and he was made his successor, renamed Ulun, and moved to the East Palace. In the first year of Emperor Wu Zetian's reign (698), Wu Zetian changed Tang Zhongzong to Chu Jun, was demoted to Prince Wang Xiang, and the fifth son (Li Xian, Li Chengyi, Li Longji, Li Longfan and Lord Li Long) was made king of the county.
In the first year of Emperor Wu Zetian's Shenlong (705), five people, including Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi, launched the Shenlong Revolution, killed and forced Wu Zetian to abdicate, ushered in the restoration of the loyal emperor, and soon Wu Zetian died. In the first year of Jing Yun (7 10), Tang Zhongzong died. Legend has it that he was poisoned by Wei Ruyun, and the young emperor Li Zhongmao succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Tang Long.
Li Dan's Life Story
Life of Characters in Li Dan's Works
Early experience
Li Dan, the fourth son of Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian, was originally named Li Lun (Li Xulun). Shortly after his birth, he was named Wang Yin, and served as the governor of Jizhou, the governor of Han Dadu and the general of Jin Wuwei. As the youngest of the brothers, he is deeply loved by his father Tang Gaozong.
As an adult, Li Lun is modest and studious, proficient in calligraphy, and has a good knowledge of textual exegesis. He used to be a right-back general and a shepherd in Luozhou, and was named Yu Wang, King Ji and King Xiang. In the second year of Yongchun (683), it was renamed Li Dan and was once again named Yu Wang.
Puppet emperor
In the year of Heishengyuan (684), Wu Zetian abolished Emperor Li Xian as the king of Luling and changed Li Dan as the emperor, in charge of all political affairs in recent dynasties. In the name of Li Dan, she changed the title of the year to civilization, and conferred the title of Princess Liu as the queen and the eldest son Li Xian as the crown prince. Then, Li Dan was placed under house arrest, unable to know the state affairs in advance, and began the life of a puppet emperor. Not only can he not go in and out of the palace at will, but he can't even move freely in the palace. At that time, British Duke Xu Jingye opposed Wu Zetian in Yangzhou. Pei Yan, the prime minister, took the opportunity to invite Wu Zetian back to power in Li Dan, and was beheaded by Wu Zetian on charges of rebellion. Wu Zetian sent 300,000 troops to suppress Yangzhou rebellion, and Xu Jingye was defeated and killed.
In the first month of the second year of hanging arch (686), Wu Zetian wrote a letter saying that he would return the emperor. Li Dan knew that his mother was testing him, so she went to the table several times and strongly refused, asking her to continue her visit to the DPRK. Wu Zetian then pushed the boat forward, "accepted" Li Dan's request and still dominated the state affairs.
In the fourth year (688), Wu Chengsi dedicated a white stone engraved with the words "Empress Yongchang" to Wu Zetian, claiming that it was discovered in Luoshui. Wu Zetian was overjoyed and named this white stone "Treasure Map" (later renamed as "Divine Holy Map"), and added the title of "Virgin Jade Emperor". Li Dan, as the emperor, can't stop, but also go to Luoshui with Wu Zetian to participate in the ceremony of "Love for Luotu". At that time, Li Chong, the king of Langya, and Li Zhen, the king of Yue, fought against Wu Zetian and were both defeated and killed. , Lu Wang Li Lingkui, Huo Ligui, Ji, Jiangdu, Huang Guogong Li Chuan, Dongguan County Li Rong, Princess Changle, etc. Forced to commit suicide, or beheaded by Cao, or died in exile. Li Tang imperial clan was almost killed.
Difficult heir
In the first year of God-given (690), counselor Fu Youyi led 900 people from Guanzhong to the court and asked Wu Zetian to be emperor. Guan Bai, the imperial clan, the consorts, the leaders of Siyi, and even monks and nuns persuaded them. Li Dan was forced by the situation to make his mother emperor and asked to change his surname to Wu. In September of that year, Wu Zetian officially proclaimed himself Emperor of the Holy Spirit, and changed the name of the country to Zhou, known as Wu Zhou in history. Li Dan was demoted as an heir, given the surname Wu, and moved to the East Palace. All manners conform to the crown prince's specifications. Prince Li Xian is called the grandson of the emperor. From then on, Li Dan became the target of Wu kings and cruel officials, and began a difficult heir career.
In the second year of God's will (69 1), Wang Wei and Zhang Jiafu, Wu's confidant, instigated Wang Qingzhi, a common people in Luoyang, to gather hundreds of people, demanding that Wu Zetian abolish Li Dan's successor status and change Wu to be the Crown Prince on the grounds that "God does not reward the inhuman and people do not worship the inhuman". Prime Ministers Cen Changqian and Ge Fuyuan opposed the change of the prince, and were falsely accused by Wu of rebellion and imprisoned and killed. Li Zhaode, assistant minister of Fengge, not only clubbed Wang Qingzhi, but also took the opportunity to remonstrate with Wu Zetian, thus saving Li Dan's throne. Later, however, Wu Zetian held a sacrificial ceremony in Vientiane Shrine, ignoring the ceremony of "the Crown Prince offering sacrifices to Asia", avoiding Li Dan, the heir, and making sacrifices to Asia by martial arts, and ordering Wu Sansi, the king of Liang, as the final sacrifice.
After two years of longevity (693), Wei Tuaner, Wu Zetian's favorite maid, took revenge for seducing Li Dan, falsely accusing the imperial concubine Liu and the imperial concubine Dou of cursing Wu Zetian with witchcraft. Wu Zetian secretly executed Liu Fei and Dou Fei and buried them in the palace. Li Dan did not dare to mention the disappearance of the two concubines, and she also behaved very calmly in front of Wu Zetian as if nothing had happened. Wei Tuaner tried to harm Li Dan, but was condemned to death. Soon, Fang's supervisor Pei Fei and his servant Fan Yunxian were killed for privately seeing Li Dan. Wu Zetian also deprived Li Dan of the right to meet officials.
Later, Li Dan was framed for rebellion, and Wu Zetian ordered cruel officials to come to Chen Jun for trial. Lai Junchen tortured officials in the East Palace to make them "confess" the truth of Li Dan's rebellion. Musician An Jin-Zang publicly performed a caesarean section to show that the heir did not rebel. Wu Zetian was deeply moved, no longer doubted Li Dan, and ordered to stop the trial of Lai Junchen. Li Dan survived because of this.
Anguo Wang Xiang
In the first year of the holy calendar (698), Wu Zetian decided to return the political power to Li under the persuasion of the emperor, the king and other ministers. She ordered people to go to Zhoufang to bring Li Xian, king of Luling, back to Luoyang. Li Dan admitted several times that he was ill, refused to go to North Korea and demanded that Chu Jun be ceded to Li Xian. In September of that year, Wu Zetian re-established Li Xian as the Crown Prince.
In the second year of victory (699), Li Dan was reinstated as prime minister, under the command of the right-back of the Prince, and later under the command of Anbei Dadu. At that time, in order to mediate the contradiction between Li and Wu, Wu Zetian summoned the children of two ethnic groups and vowed in the hall that the two ethnic groups should live in harmony. Li Dan, as the representative of Li, attended the swearing-in ceremony with Princess Taiping.
In the first year of Chang 'an (70 1), the Turkish Mohan Khan led an army to invade the south. Li Dan was appointed Marshal of Tianbing Island to command the army against the Turks. He didn't take the lead in the war, but he is the nominal Tang Jun coach. Soon, the Turks withdrew their troops, and Li Dan served as David's left and right general Yu Lin.
In the second year of Chang 'an (702), the Turks invaded Bingzhou. Li Dan was appointed as the state shepherd and served as the marching marshal of Anbei Road. Later, Li Dan was appointed as Yongzhou Pastoral.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), prime ministers Zhang Jian, Cui Xuan and others launched a Shenlong coup, killing Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, the leaders of Wu Zetian, forcing Wu Zetian to retreat to Li Xian and assist Tang Zhongzong. At that time, Li Dan commanded the imperial army in Nanya, and captured Wei Chengqing, Cui and other confidants of Zhang. Because of his work, he worshipped Feng Ge as Qiu and Luan Tai, participated in the political affairs as a prime minister, and increased his country. Soon, Li Dan resigned from Qiu's post and as a politician. Tang Zhongzong tried to make Li Dan the emperor's brother, but he refused.
The coup d' é tat ascended the throne
Main items: Rebellion in Wei Hou and political changes in Tang Long.
In June of the fourth year of Jinglong (7 10), Tang Zhongzong died (it is said that he was poisoned by Wei Ruyun). King Wei Liwen was the emperor, changed, and was regent as the empress dowager. She sent cronies to control the northern and southern imperial armies and the ministries of Shangshu Province, and vigorously recruited partisans, ready to follow the example of Wu Zetian and usurp the Tangmen. At that time, as an uncle, Li Dan was worshipped as Qiu, and together with Princess Taiping became the main obstacle for Wei Hou to seize the throne. Wei Party is determined to put them to death. Li Dan's third son, Li Longji, secretly recruited heroes in the capital and conspired with Princess Taiping to help the country. Cui Daily, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, was originally a member of Webster's party, and reported Webster's plot for fear of disaster.
On June 20th, Li Longji, with the help of GeFushun, Li Xianxuan and other imperial generals, first launched a mutiny, killed Wei Ruyun, Princess Anle and their henchmen, and then welcomed Li Dan into the palace to assist the young emperor. Li Dan and Li Zhongmao boarded Anfu Gate to appease the people. At that time, Li Longji was worshipped as the prime minister and became the king of Pingping, commanding the imperial army to control the inside and outside of the imperial city. Li Zhongmao was forced by the situation and asked to give way to his uncle Li Dan. Li Dan tried to refuse at first, but later he listened to the persuasion of Li Longji, Li Xian and others and accepted Li Zhongmao's abdication.
On June 24th, Li Dan ascended the throne in the Taiji Hall and proclaimed himself emperor for the second time. He boarded Chengtianmen, declared an amnesty, changed his name to Jing Yun, and was restored as King Wen. At that time, Li Longji made great contributions, while Li Xian was the eldest son, and both of them were qualified to be princes. Li Dan hesitated for this. Li Chengqi resigned from the post of Prince on the grounds that "national security comes first, and national disaster comes first." Liu Youqiu and other coup heroes also mostly supported Li Longji. Li Dan then made Li Longji the Crown Prince.
Internal abdication
After Li Longji was made a prince, her political power grew day by day, which became the main obstacle for Princess Taiping to interfere in state affairs. Princess Taiping wanted to make it easier for the prince to maintain his power for a long time, so she spread rumors in the ruling and opposition circles, claiming that Li Longji was not the eldest son of the emperor and was not qualified to be a prince. But because Li Dan publicly announced to quell rumors, she failed. She also planted eyes and ears around Li Longji, monitored his daily behavior, made friends with Dou Huaizhen and other ministers, and plotted against Li Longji. Later, the contradiction between Princess Taiping and Li Longji gradually became public. She even invited the Prime Minister to stay in Guangfanmen in the hall and suggested that they persuade the emperor to replace the Crown Prince, which was severely rejected by Song.
In the second year of Jing Yun (7 1 1), Li Dan listened to the advice of Prime Ministers Yao Chong, Song _ and Zhang, and ordered him to supervise the country, stripped all the kings who might threaten the status of the prince, such as Li Chengqi, and moved Princess Taiping to Yongji (now Shanxi). But Princess Taiping went to Li Dan to cry, not only to stay in Beijing, but also to expel Yao Chong and Song _ from the court. Later, Li Dan wanted to pass the throne to the prince. Although he failed to get his wish under the persuasion of ministers, he still handed over all government affairs to Li Longji. He only had the power to execute military affairs and the death penalty, as well as the power to appoint and dismiss officials above five categories.
In August of the first year of congenital (7 12), Li Dan was located in Li Longji, the Prince, and abdicated as the Emperor's Father. However, he still has the right to appoint officials with three or more titles and adjudicate major criminal cases. Every five days, he receives greetings from ministers in the Taiji Hall and still calls himself me. And the emperor can only call himself "Yu" At that time, relying on Li Dan's trust, Princess Taiping still had a strong influence in North Korea. Five of the seven prime ministers came from her door, and most officials were attached to her. She publicly proposed to abolish the emperor, but failed because of the opposition of Prime Minister Lu Xiangxian. Later, Li Dan planned to send Emperor Li Longji to Beijing to inspect the border, but it was postponed for some reason and the date was changed to August next year.
In July (July13), in order to regain the power that the emperor deserved, Li Longji took the lead in launching a congenital coup, led the Yu Lin army to attack, killed Dou Huaizhen, Xiao Zhizhong, Cenxi and other Princess Taiping henchmen, and then awarded them the death penalty. Li Dan heard the chaos for the first time and went to Chengtianmen with Premier Guo Yuanzhen to avoid it. He learned that Li Longji destroyed the power of Princess Taiping, so he issued a letter to announce the charges of Dou Huaizhen and others, and then officially returned to the emperor, retired to Baifutang, and lived a peaceful life. At this point, Li Longji finally mastered all the state affairs.
Died of illness in his later years
In June of the fourth year of Kaiyuan (July16), Li Dan died in Baifutang at the age of 55. In October of that year, Li Dan was buried in Qiaoling (now Fengshan, Weinan) in memory of the Great Sage True Emperor (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty), and the temple was named Zong Rui.
In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Li Dan was renamed Zhen Xuan.
In the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Li Dan was promoted as the Great Sage Daxing Emperor of Zhen Xuan.
Dan Li
A Brief Introduction to the Life of Emperor Li Dan in Tang Dynasty
Tang Ruizong Li Dan, formerly known as Li Xulun, was the eighth son of Tang Gaozong, the fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty. The following is a brief introduction of Li Dan's life that I collected for you. I hope it helps you!
Brief introduction of Li Dan's life
Li Dan, formerly known as Li Xulun, is the youngest son of Wu Zetian, Tang Gaozong, his mother's brother and the eighth son of the fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
Li Dan was born in Chang 'an in 662 AD, and was named Wang Yin in 1998. First called Xu LUN, three years, renamed Dan, renamed. In 684, Li Xian was deposed for angering Wu Zetian. Because Wu Zetian was not yet emperor, Li Dan was made heir to the throne. At that time, he was 22 years old, the same age as when his father ascended the throne.
After Li Dan ascended the throne, he actually had no real power. Wu Zetian refused to let him go to court to listen to politics, and even let him live in different halls, while Wu Zetian herself took power as the queen mother. Li Dan became a puppet emperor in name only. The only thing Wu Zetian did for him was to make his princess Liu the queen and his eldest son the crown prince. Wu Zetian's power is getting stronger and stronger, and the trend of weighing system is unstoppable, so Li Dan asked Wu Zetian to be emperor after Liu's death in order to ensure peace. Wu Zetian ascended the throne by boat, and made Li Dan his heir. This is Li Dan's first concession to the world.
In 698, Wu Zetian returned to Luoyang with the deposed Li Xian. Li Dan said he was ill and asked to make way for Li Xian. Li Dan's modesty finally restored Li Xian, and he was safe. In 7 10, Li Xian was poisoned by Wei Hou and Le An Gongzhu, and his son Li Zhongmao succeeded to the throne. Wei Hou tried to follow the example of Wu Zetian to control state affairs, but she did the opposite, and was finally killed by Li Longji, the third son of Li Dan, and Princess Taiping. After Wei Hou was killed, Li Zhongmao was deposed and Li Dan was able to return to the throne.
In 7 12 AD, Li Dan abdicated again, and let Prince Li Longji reign, claiming to be the emperor's father. He died five years later, at the age of fifty-five, at the age of ten, and was buried in Qiaoling, whose temple number is Zhen Xuan Dasheng Tang Ruizong.
How to evaluate Li Dan's merits and demerits?
After Li Dan died, he got the name of the temple "Zong Rui". It can also be said that "Rui" is the evaluation of his life by future generations, and it is praising his understanding and wisdom. But throughout Li Dan's life, what he did in his main business has nothing to do with the word "Rui", because his ability is not enough to be an emperor, but he has made more achievements in learning. Therefore, he was an unqualified emperor. He didn't do his duty and let the power be manipulated by his mother, just like a marionette.
If Li Dan has done anything commendable, it is indeed wise for him to step down twice. When he first came to Dabao, the imperial power had nothing to do with him, because everything in the imperial court was decided by his mother. He only had a hollow name, so he could not give orders to ministers or even go to court, and could not do what an emperor should do. Even under the imperial court, you can't use the main hall as your bedroom, which shows how the emperor exists in name only.
So it's only a matter of time before Li Dan gives way. However, his mother is really talented and suitable for the throne. Therefore, Li Dan's decision is actually very beneficial to Datang. Without the long-term rule of Wu Zetian, the Tang Dynasty at that time might not have developed so well, and the prosperous times that followed would not have appeared.
Li Dan's second contribution to the Tang Dynasty was to make way for Xuanzong. When Li Dan's mother and brother died one after another, Li Longji took the opportunity to bring down Wei Hou and others, ending the chaos and handing over the political power to Li Dan. However, Li Dan didn't care about politics and only stayed on the throne for two years, so Li Longji took his place. It is precisely because of this move that the Tang Dynasty ushered in the most prosperous period.
Whose son is Li Dan?
According to official records, Li Dan, whose original name was Li Xulun, was the eighth child of Tang Gaozong and the youngest child of Wu Zetian. Li Dan was crowned king when he was only eleven months old, and has been enfeoffed since then. Among the royal descendants, it can be said that it is favored. Li Dan also has three half-brothers, namely Li Hong, Li Xian and Li Xian.
Li Zhi is his father and Wu Zetian is his biological mother. Because of this, when Wu Zetian slaughtered Li's descendants after her death, Li Dan survived with his younger brother. It is precisely because of this noble royal orthodox lineage that Li Dan ascended the throne twice in the turbulent political environment of the early Tang Dynasty, and finally abdicated twice to make way for the overall situation.
For the first time, in order to prevent the two brothers from killing each other and save the life of his younger brother Li Xian, he abdicated to Li Xian. The second time was to give the throne to his third son, Li Longji, to prevent the killing between his son Li Longji and his sister Princess Taiping.
As the son of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, Li Dan has an unusual sense of political smell and can always save himself in a crisis.
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How many years did Tang Ruizong Li Dan rule? Did he achieve anything during his reign?
Tang Ruizong Li Dan can be said to be the most outstanding emperor in the Tang Dynasty. Why do you say that? Tang Ruizong Li Dan reigned for eight years, but only two years really had the right to speak. If you want to ask Tang Ruizong Li Dan what achievements he made during his eight years in office, you can regret to tell you that there were almost no achievements, almost because of his fatuity and incompetence, the Tang Dynasty came to the end.
Tang Ruizong Li Dan is the eighth son of Wu Zetian and the biological son of Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong. This is clearly recorded in history, so there is no need to doubt it. Originally, Tang Ruizong Li Dan had no chance to be emperor, because he had seven older brothers. Even if it wasn't for him, he wouldn't let this mediocre and cowardly man be emperor.
However, history sometimes likes to play jokes on people, and sometimes this joke makes people laugh and cry. Tang Ruizong Li Dan is not a son who can please his parents, because he has no talent, but he is the biggest shortcoming in his life, but he is regarded as the biggest advantage by his mother Wu Zetian.
Why do you say that? Because Tang Ruizong Li Dan's mother is Wu Zetian, he is not interested in anything in this life, only interested in rights, only interested in the whole world, only interested in the Tang Dynasty. It can be said that Wu Zetian is a rare beast of power in this history, and her love for power has surpassed her enthusiasm for everything.
It is in this context that after Tang Gaozong's death, Wu Zetian played with her sons. It can be said that almost none of Tang Ruizong Li Dan's brothers have a good end, because they have a too strong mother, that is, Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian finally focused on Tang Ruizong Li Dan, because he knew exactly what kind of person this son was. He thought that this son could easily become the puppet of the Yellow Emperor and control him in his hands, so he became the fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty in 684 AD.
But when he became emperor, Li Dan suddenly found a problem, that is, he had no right to speak at all, and all decisions were subject to his mother. Otherwise, he may even lose his life. After six years as a puppet emperor. Li Dan was abolished by Wu Zetian, because Wu Zetian wanted to be the first 1 queen in the history of China, so she could only temporarily remove this son from the position of emperor.
Then after the death of Wu Zetian, Li Dan became emperor again. This time, his reign was only two years. However, in the past two years, Li Dan, as a king of the generation, has no achievements for future generations.
How many years was Li Dan emperor?
Li Dan was emperor for eight years.
Tang Ruizong Li Dan (June 22, 662-765438+July 2006 13) was originally named Li Xulun, Li Lun and Wu Lun. Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Qin 'an County, Gansu Province) was born. The fifth emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozong's eighth son Li Zhi, Wu Zetian's fourth son, Tang Zhongzong Li Xian's mother and brother.
Li Dan ascended the throne twice, reigned for eight years (684-690, 765, 438+00-765, 438+02), and really took power for two years. Kaiyuan four years (7 16), died at the age of 55. The Great Sage of posthumous title, Emperor Daxing Xiao, was buried in Qiaoling.
Early experience:
On June 22, 662, the second year of Long Shuo, Li Dan was born in Chang 'an.
Li Dan, the fourth son of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian, was originally named Li Xulun. Shortly after his birth, he was named Wang Yin, and served as the governor of Jizhou, the governor of Han Dadu and the general of Jin Wuwei. _ The truth is that the letter judges the murderer. I am looking for a job.
As an adult, Li Xulun is modest and eager to learn, proficient in calligraphy, and has a lot of experience in textual exegesis.
In the second year of Tongzhang (669), Li Xulun moved to seal the King of Ji and changed his name to "Li Lun".
In the second year of Shangyuan (675), he moved to Xiang Wang and worshipped General Youwei.
In the third year of Yifeng (679), Li Lun moved to Luozhou as a shepherd.
In the second year of Yongchun (683), it was renamed Li Dan and was once again named Yu Wang.