Zhu Shi data
Pinyin: Zhu [1]
Serial number: 00 17
introduce
Introduction document
Introduction document
Probe into the origin of Zhu surname
On the word "Zhu"
Red heart wood-the meaning of "Zhu"
The word "Zhu" is written in the oldest Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze or Miwen, and seal script is written in Miwen.
In modern Chinese, the word Zhu means "red".
In China's oldest Chinese dictionary, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Zhu is described as follows: "Zhu, mahogany, pine and cypress. From wood, one is in it. " It turns out that the word "Zhu" surnamed Zhu is not red, but refers to a tree with red hearts. Profound ancient philologists have explained that the ancient "Zhu" character is a so-called "integrated finger" character, which has both pictographic and referential characteristics. We can also clearly see from Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions that the word "Zhu" consists of two parts: "Wood" is like a tree, and "One" is an indicative symbol, originally written in the shape of "."It is marked on the wood and symbolizes the heart of the tree. Duan Yucai, a scholar of Dai Wangshu in Qing Dynasty, clearly pointed out that Zhu was a man with a pure heart, and the so-called "pure heart is incomparable, and you can know it by knowing it". Just like the word "Ben" under the tree, the word "Mei" under the tree and the word "Zhu" under the tree.
Knowing that the original meaning of the word "Zhu" is a kind of red heart tree, the first password was deciphered for the origin of Zhu. As for the relationship between Zhu's surname and Chixinmu, we need further analysis.
The knowledge of ancient history and totem science tells us that various totem worship prevailed in human childhood. These ancient ancestors often took some animal or plant as the sacred symbol of clan group, and thought that all clan members were descendants of this totem. The formation of the oldest Zhu surname is also the result of this totem worship.
In the primitive stage of gathering agriculture, human beings mainly lived in forest areas. For these trees and plants, human beings instinctively produce all kinds of feelings and attachment, kindness, awe and even worship. Among them, there is such a consanguineous clan group that has such mysterious and profound special feelings for the red heart tree around them. They call this kind of red heart wood Zhu Mu, and worship it as the god of their own people, thinking that they are descendants of this sacred Zhu Mu. Thus, it became the symbol and totem of this clan, which called itself the "Zhu" clan. Over time, this custom has been passed down from generation to generation by this clan, and has been widely recognized by other clans around it. Thus, as a part of later generations, the ancient Zhu family, the blood ancestor of Zhu surname, was formed.
People leave their names, geese leave their voices. The ancient Zhu people not only regarded their clan as a totem, but also called their clan Zhu, and often called their place of life and residence Zhu or Zhu.
Where is the earliest Zhu Fang? Because the history is unknown, I can't find it today. But one thing is certain, that is, the earliest Zhu Fang was in North China, where pines and cypresses grew red hearts. Therefore, the oldest Zhu clan should also originate from the Central Plains and North China.
When we investigate the Zhu clan according to the evolution track of ancient history, we find that the earliest Zhu land recorded in the literature is Zhu, where the ancient Zhu Xiang family lived. "Lu Ji" records: "Zhu Xiang's family is in Zhu." The "Zhu" land here, as well as ancient records, is also written as "Zhu". In today's Huaiyang County, Henan Province, the "Continued Records of the Counties and Countries in Hanshu" therefore records that "Chen has a land of Zhu Xiang". Therefore, although it cannot be arbitrarily considered that the ancient Zhu land in Huaiyang, Henan Province today is the birthplace of Zhu surname, it should at least be the early migration place of ancient Zhu people.
The earliest written materials in Oracle Bone Inscriptions also contain "Zhu", such as "Bu Bin" ... in Zhu "(December 8 last year) and" Tian Zhu "(December 12 last year-). The "Tianzhu" here is hunting in Judy, which is a place name. Not far from Shangdu, Henan, it is probably the ancient Judy in Huaiyang County. It can be seen that there are still some ancient Zhu people living in Henan since Shang Dynasty. Later, Henan became a big county named Zhu, which was probably related to this.
Around the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, a large number of ethnic groups from the North and the Central Plains migrated to the south of the Yangtze River, and finally settled and dispersed in the southwest of China. After these Zhu ancestors moved south, they moved the place name "Zhu" originally in the northern part of the Central Plains to the south. But at this time, it is not just a place name, but the southwest region where Zhu people are located. This concept was quickly recognized by the surrounding clans, so the ancestors of ancient China not only called the southwest of China Zhu Fang, but even called the southwest sky Zhu Tian.
After Zhu moved south, he still worshipped as a totem god, but he couldn't find pine and cypress redwoods in the north, so Zhu replaced them with redwoods grown in the south, which was still called "Zhu Mu" in the southwest recorded in Shan Hai Jing. There are many Zhu surnames in Yunnan and Guizhou today, which may also be related to this. As a totem of the Zhu clan, the sacred tree can still find some clues in the existing ancient documents.
There are four main sources of Zhu surname.
First, from Cao, the descendant of Zhuan Xu, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty.
According to legend, Emperor Zhuan Xu had a grandson named Ng Wui, who was named Zhu Rong in Di Ku. Lu Zhong, the son of Wu Hui, married the daughter of Ghost Fang and gave birth to six sons. The fifth son is named An and Cao. Cao Yan, the descendant of Cao An, was placed in Guo (near Qufu, Shandong) after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed. During the Warring States period, Guo was destroyed, and later generations went to town to take Zhu as their surname. Zhu Xie is the ancestor of Zhu's surname. This branch of Zhujiajian lives in Peiguo township and county, and it is for Zhujiajian in Jiangsu.
Around the 27th century BC, the Chinese people in the Central Plains of China began to establish the earliest state power-a chiefdom, which produced the earliest monarch in the history of China. The title of this monarch is "Yellow Emperor".
The Yellow Emperor's real name was Gongsun, and his father was the monarch of Xiong State who ruled Xinzheng, Henan Province. Shaodian married a Gao family woman.
Legend has it that after Fu Bao and Shao Dian got married, they took a walk in the suburban fields one night, looking up at the sky and admiring the stars. Suddenly, the sky shone like lightning, like a silver snake, circling around the Big Dipper. Finally, the light fell from the sky and fell on the attached treasure. Attached treasure only felt a sudden movement in her stomach, and then she became pregnant. Different from the general female pregnancy, Fu Bao was pregnant for 24 months in a place called Xuanyuan (Xinzheng, Henan, northwest Qufu, Shandong) before giving birth to a baby. He is the ancestor of the whole Chinese nation, the Yellow Emperor.
At first, the Yellow Emperor gave his father the surname Gongsun and inherited the title of Xiong. Born in Xuanyuan, it was named Xuanyuan. Later, the Yellow Emperor became a tribal leader, and his tribe mainly lived in Jishui Valley, so he took Jishui as his surname.
The rise of the tribe named Ji in the period of the Yellow Emperor coincided with the decline of the tribe that originally ruled the Central Plains and was related to the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor took advantage of this great opportunity to unite with other tribes in the Central Plains, organized a powerful army, and then launched a fierce attack on the Yan Di tribe. After an unprecedented bloody battle, the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Di tribe in the west and "killed Yan Di and occupied his land". Then, the Yellow Emperor led an army to destroy the Chiyou tribe in Dongyi. After a series of wars, most primitive clans, tribes and nationalities in China were unified for the first time, and the earliest primitive state power of the Chinese nation in the Central Plains-Emirates was established.
The Yellow Emperor naturally became the monarch of this emerging early state power and was honored as the emperor. At that time, all the conquered clans and tribes obeyed the orders of the Yellow Emperor and became people under the rule of the Yellow Emperor. And the Yellow Emperor sent many of his sons, cronies and nobles to all directions to supervise and manage the world's subjects. With the passage of time, the relationship between the Yellow Emperor and the primitive tribes of the Emirates evolved from the relationship between leaders and ministers to the relationship between father and son. Members of all tribes recognize the Yellow Emperor as their father, and their descendants and surnames are also traced back to the Yellow Emperor as their ancestors. In this way, the Yellow Emperor became not only the surname of Ji, but also the great ancestor of the whole Chinese nation, including Zhu.
The chiefdom of the Yellow Emperor ruled nearly 10,000 small countries in the world at that time, which was actually many primitive tribes. He formulated many systems, and the era he ruled was a model of civilization praised by politicians in China for thousands of years. According to Huai Nan Zi and other books, in the era of the Yellow Emperor, the weather in the Huaxia area of the Central Plains was favorable, the crops were bumper, and the people lived a long and happy life. Social stability, the strong do not bully the weak, the public do not bully the widowed, and treat them equally; The law is simple, the officials are impartial, and the monarch and the minister are one; There is even a peaceful scene in which roads are not connected, doors are not closed at night, battlements are not closed, there are no thieves in the city, people are humble, and all ethnic groups are harmonious.
Zhu Xia-the founder of Zhu's surname.
According to the Ziyangzhu Jian 'an Genealogy and the Origin of Surnames, he is the 27th generation grandson of Cao's ancestor Yan 'an. Yan Ansheng even joined together and was born with Caibai, Caibai with Ji Zha and Ji Zha with the main cabinet. After the main court, it spread to the 265,438+0 generation, and they went to Zhu Xia.
1 1 century BC, the Wu Zhou revolution took place in the history of China, and the Western Zhou regime wiped out the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains and established the Zhou Dynasty. After the king of Wu destroyed the business, he implemented a famous policy, that is, while sealing nobles with the same surname, he also widely sealed princes with different surnames. At that time, the Cao State built by Yan 'an descendants had already perished, and the King of Wu successfully won the old land of Cao State and changed it into the fief of his brother Ji, namely the Western State (now Dingtao County, Shandong Province). At the same time, I visited the adherents of the ancient Cao State and got the Miao nationality in Yan 'an, so I was named Zhu (now Zouxian County, Shandong Province) as an incense after Zhuan Xu and Yan 'an. According to historical records, the state of Yue, founded by Yan Xia in those days, was only a small tribal country with only three miles in Fiona Fang. At that time, Guo was only a vassal state of Lu, and all its internal affairs, diplomacy and state affairs were subject to the will of Lu, a northern neighbor.
Guo Yuan was the hometown of the former Dongyi Yan family, where there was a clan that worshipped spider totems. After Dingge in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the land was seized by Zhou Dynasty. After Cao Xia was blocked, a clan state was established here. When Zhu was sealed, the Cao Shi family who led him moved to Zhu, but the local indigenous clan was still the main body. Since then, Cao Shi has been integrated with the local Yi people for a long time, forming a new ethnic group-Yi people. They inherited the spider totem of Zhu people, so they took Zhu as their country name and surname. At the same time, he inherited the blood symbol of Cao people-Cao surname, and became one of the main members of the Chinese nation in later generations.
Guo's name was also written as "Lou" in the classics, and was also commonly known as "Zou" or "Li" in the Warring States period. According to the research results of experts and scholars, Zhulou is a local dialect, Zhuan is a proper name, and Zou and Li are homophones used after the Warring States period, which are the same as Yan in Yan State.
The country established by has undergone great changes and development, and Xiao Zhu and Guo Guo have appeared. Because of his pioneering work, he was also respected by later generations as the great ancestor of Zhu, Yun, Yan, Zou and Lou.
There are many ways to write the word "Zhu" in Guo, but they all look like spiders on the whole. It can be seen that Guo, the ancestor of Cao tribe, once took spiders as totems. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was named "Spider" and later changed to "Zhu" for convenience. In ancient times, the word Zhu had two pronunciations. The word "Zhu" in the Biography of the Ram written by Qi people is pronounced as "Zhu Lou", and the Zuo Zhuan written by Lu people is pronounced as "Zou". Why are there these two pronunciations? This is because the ancients had two pronunciations: acute and slow. If you read slowly, it is the consonant of "Zhu" and "Lou", which is pronounced as "Zhu Lou"; If it is pronounced as an emergency, it becomes "Zou" or "Zhu". These two pronunciations are written as "Guo Guo" or "Zou Guo" in ancient books, which actually refer to the same country.
Zhuiziguo
After Yan was killed, Yan's younger brother was appointed as the monarch by the Emperor of Zhou.
In history, it is the gentleman described by Guo. After he succeeded to the throne, he did not pass it on to his son, but to his nephew Yan Xia's son. In order to thank his uncle for his great kindness, his father just cut out one-fifth of Guo's land and gave it to his uncle Zhu Shu, making him an independent monarch. Uncle's small feudal country is called abusing the country.
It has been more than half a century since Shu Shu let Guo and Xia Fu succeed to the throne at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and history has entered the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the earliest monarch of Guo was Fuxi's grandson.
As traditional classic documents, Chunqiu Shiben and Zhu's genealogy both record the lineage of the throne in the Spring and Autumn Period for more than 200 years: Zhu Suo-Biography.
Zhu Yi's father, Mink, also known as Zhu Zike in literature, is a figure in Guo's history.
When Zhu Yi's father became the monarch of China, history entered the Spring and Autumn Period, and the central dynasty of the Zhou Dynasty stood aside, and the four sides stood side by side, and the princes competed for hegemony. At this time, the Zhuzi countries established by Zhuzi's ancestors were unable to compete in the competition because of their small size and weak potential. On the contrary, it can only rely on this big country from time to time, and sometimes go to another big country to survive under the protection and mutual restraint of big countries. To this end, all dynasties actively participated in major activities such as political alliances and military wars of great powers at that time.
The geographical location bordering on Shandong in the east, north and west determines that the country's foreign relations have to be centered on Shandong. Monarchs in the early dynasties realized the importance of the relationship between Zhu and Lu, so on the day of independence, Zhu became a vassal of Lu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Prince Zhu also made great efforts to make friends with Lu, and participated in many league meetings convened by Lu. In Lu Yinnian, Zhu Yi's father formed an alliance with Lu to despise land in order to repair the good relationship between the two countries. However, after participating in the coup in Lu, the people of Lu lost their trust in Yan. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu has been eyeing the State of Guo in an attempt to occupy or even annex its territory. In terms of cultural consciousness, the people of Lu claimed to be a "polite country", despised and despised Guo, and even demoted him as a foreigner. In this way, since the Spring and Autumn Period, the relationship between Lu and Zhu has been tense most of the time. For example, in 7 16 BC, Lu sent troops to invade the country, and then invaded it in 704. Since then, Lu Ji has been in a state of war all the year round.
In order to deal with the threat of Lu, from Zhu Yi's father, Zhu had to rely on other big countries to contain Lu and protect his own security. At first, yi zhu's father took refuge in the State of Qi, and in 68 1 BC, he joined the Northern Apricot Alliance hosted by the State of Qi. Guo is an active advocate of seeking hegemony. Zhu Yi's father won him great success with the policy of controlling the whole country.
Benefits: Qi Huangong speaks well in front of the King of Zhou. More than 300 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the State of Yan was finally officially made a viscount by the Emperor of Zhou, occupying a place among the princes of various countries. It can be seen that the father of Zhu Yi has great merits in Guo's history.
After Zhu Yi's stepfather, he inherited Zhu Jun and adopted have it both ways's flexible policy towards the overlord of big countries. In 659 BC, Zhu and Lu joined the land-water alliance hosted by Qi in August, but in a blink of an eye, Lu sent troops to attack Zhu in September and was defeated. Zhu began to realize that Qi was unable to protect himself. In 642 BC, after his death, he followed the State of Qi and proclaimed himself emperor. He immediately threw himself into the arms of Song Dynasty, and sent troops with Cao, Wei and other countries to follow and attack the original protector-Qi, and the relationship between Qi and China broke down. The following year, he actively participated in the alliance presided over by Song and became the most active supporter of Song hegemony. What's more, during the period of the alliance, Bi Guo did not arrive for some reason, so he had to go to Yan State, which was closely related to the Song Dynasty, and wanted to ask Zhu Wengong for help. As everyone knows, Zhi Wengong mastered Song Xianggong's will, arrested the King of Qi, and brutally killed the King of Qi as a sacrifice to the country god, which aroused criticism from all countries in the Central Plains. In 639 BC, he was captured and failed in hegemony. Lu immediately sent troops to crusade against this country that lost the protection of foreign powers. But at this time, Guo's power reached its peak. Shortly after Lu cut Zhu, Zhu destroyed Lu's in-laws country. The following year, Lu sent troops to attack Zhu again, seized Xu's hometown and restored Xu's political power. A few months later, I attacked Lu in the north to avenge my death. Look down on Guo and take no preventive measures. As a result, Zhu's army defeated Lu in Gao's promotion, and took Lu Jun's armor and hung it on the fish gate in Zhudu to celebrate. In 627 BC, in order to get revenge, Lu Xigong personally led troops to attack Yue State and captured Lou of Yue State. Then he sent a son to attack Zhu. In 620 BC, Lu seized this sentence again. In retaliation, in 6 13, Liu attacked the southern border of Lu, and Lu immediately sent a doctor and uncle to attack Lu. In 599, Lu sent Gongsun Sheng as his father to attack Zhu and captured Yicheng near the capital of Zhu. Hatred of land-based aircraft is deepening.
After the decline of the Song Dynasty, Jin Wengong took over the hegemony of the Song Dynasty, and Yan immediately sought protection from Jin. In 592 BC, Yan participated in the Broken Road Alliance hosted by Jin for the first time. Before 586, I joined the famous Worm Prison Alliance sponsored by the State of Jin. After nearly two centuries, Qi followed the State of Jin, and participated in the league meeting hosted by the State of Jin and the war against other countries led by the State of Jin. Under the protection of the State of Jin, the State of Qi contained the State of Lu and the increasingly powerful State of Chu. For example, in 529 BC, Qi Zhuanggong complained to the State of Jin, saying that Lu was in danger of national subjugation and asked the State of Jin to intervene. Therefore, Jin did not regard it as a warning to Lu. It was with the help of Jin, a big country, that Zhu protected himself from the invasion of Lu, and at the same time further expanded to neighboring small countries. For example, in 59 1 year BC, Zhu relied on the strength of the state of Jin to attack and kill despicable people. However, while being protected by the State of Jin, Qi was often bullied by the State of Jin. Because it seems that, after all, they are relatives with the same surname, and Zhu is a barbarian of the opposite sex, so in the dispute between Zhu and Lu, the State of Jin sometimes favors Lu with the same surname. In 554 BC, the State of Jin arrested him for frequently invading Lu, and forced Zhu to demarcate its national boundaries and allocate a large area of beautiful and rich land to Lu. Guo suffered a big loss and had nowhere to complain, because he had to rely on the strength of gold.
In 524 BC, Duke Zhuang took advantage of the busy farming season to send troops to attack the countryside, captured the city in one fell swoop and returned with all the prisoners. (Yu Yu) You have to pay compensation to redeem your wife and yourself, but your daughter was occupied by Li Jun. The next year, Song Guodong conquered Guo, captured Guo's worm city, forced Guo to release prisoners as much as possible, and made an alliance with Song in the worm city. This is the country's last large-scale military expansion to other countries. After that, Guo began to decline.