Brief introduction of Pinaceae plant Pinaceae

It is a big genus with about 80 species, mainly produced in the northern hemisphere. There are 22 species in China, all evergreen trees with slender needles, usually 2-5 needles in a bunch, planted at the top of undeveloped short branches. Monoecious. In spring, male peanuts have 2-4 female cones at the base of new branches. After pollination, cones will not mature until the following autumn, and cones are commonly known as pinecones. Needles and cones are important features to understand pine trees. The cone scales are woody and persistent, and the exposed part of the upper part is a scale shield. The top of the scale shield has a scale navel and a tumor-like process. The upper part of seeds usually has long wings, which is beneficial to the spread of wind. Pinus tabulaeformis is a common tree species in the north, with a bundle of 2 needles and a persistent leaf sheath. Gu Song in parks and temples, such as Tanzhe Temple and Xueyuan Temple in Beijing, are mostly Pinus tabulaeformis; Xi hope people loose and Wudafu pine in Taishan Mountain in Shandong Province are also Pinus tabulaeformis; Taihang pine in Guo Songling of Taihang Mountain in Henan Province and Wuling pine in Wuling, Hebei Province are also Pinus tabulaeformis. Pinus tabulaeformis is a unique tree species in China, distributed in northern and western provinces of China, and often forms pure forests or artificial forests.

Pinus massoniana (see photo) is very similar to Pinus tabulaeformis, with 2 needles in a bundle, but the leaves are delicate and soft, with a diameter less than 1 mm, which is suitable for growing in acidic soil in southern China and is produced in central China, south China, southeast China and southwest China.

Page (abbreviation of page) Pinus taiwanensis growing in Huangshan, Lushan and Tianmu Mountain is very similar to Pinus tabulaeformis, but it can be distinguished by resin channels in leaves. Huangshan's famous welcoming pine is this variety. The bark of Pinus bungeana is white, the leaves are in bundles of three needles, and the leaf sheaths fall off. Widely cultivated in temples and parks in Beijing, it is a famous ornamental tree. Both Pinus koraiensis and Pinus armandii are needles in bundles of 5 needles, with huge cones, 9-20 cm long and wingless seeds. The difference between the two is that when the cone is mature, the seed scales do not open and the seeds do not fall off, while the branchlets have dense hairs, and the seeds of the latter fall off. Branchlets glabrous. The seeds of Pinus koraiensis and Pinus armandii are very large and can be fried or pressed for food or industrial use. In addition, some genera of Pinaceae are named after the word "Chinese fir", including hemlock, hemlock, spruce, fir and Taxodium. Cryptomeria argyrophylla (see photo) is an ancient rare tree species, which originated in Longsheng, China and Jinfo Mountain, Nanchuan, Sichuan, and is now listed as a national first-class protected plant.

There are only 10 genus 16 species of Taxodiaceae, mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. There are only 7 species belonging to 5 genera in China, among which 5 species are national key protected plants.

Cunninghamia lanceolata is a representative of Cetaceae, and Cunninghamia lanceolata (see photo) is an important forest and timber tree species in the south of Qinling Mountains and the Yangtze River valley in China. Evergreen trees with lanceolate leaves, alternate. The scales of cone bracts are developed, leathery, with hard spines at the top, small seed scales, 3 cracks at the top, 3 seeds inserted on the ventral surface, and narrow wings on both sides of the seeds.