When can I visit the Ming Tombs (Yongling)?
Introduction to the scenic spots of the Ming Tombs (Yongling);
Located at the southern foot of Yang Cuiling, Ming Yongling is the tomb of Zhu Hou, the Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, and three Empresses Chen, Fang and Du.
The construction of Yongling Mausoleum was in the fifteenth year after Emperor Sejong ascended the pole. It was the "first merit" he built when he was in office. However, the location of Buxuanling was when Empress Chen died in the seventh year of Jiajing (1528). At that time, Sejong ordered Zhang Cong, assistant minister, and Luo Yongqing, minister of war, to choose the mausoleum for Queen Chen. At the same time, I also secretly chose my own tomb.
Luo Yongqing was famous for his mastery of Feng Shui during Jiajing period. After he came to Tianshou Mountain, he chose two auspicious places, Acorn Ridge and Shibadaoling, for Sejong. Later, Sejong led Qin ministers and officials to visit two auspicious places that Luo Yongqing chose for him. After reading it, I thought that Shibadaoling had the best feng shui and decided to build a mausoleum there. But still not at ease, he sent people to Jiangxi to find the descendants of famous Feng Shui masters Yang Junsong, Emperor Zeng Wendi and Liao Sanchuan to check again. Finally, Shibadaoling was determined as the location of the mausoleum. Sejong suspected that the name of Eighteen Ridges Mountain was indecent, so he changed his name to "Yang Cuiling". On April 22nd, the 15th year of Jiajing (1636), the work of Daling started. Emperor Sejong personally presided over the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Changling, and Hou Guoxun and Wuding Assistant Minister Shi Li were ordered to build the Prime Minister's Mountain Mausoleum. On this day, the repair works of seven other mausoleums, Shinto Stone in Changling and Stone Terrace began.
During the construction process, Sejong planned to build in accordance with the provisions of Changling, but it was difficult to explain the text. He said to the ministers insincerely, "The system of the mausoleum is similar to that of Changling, so it must be severely suppressed and killed, and sweaters and coffins are often remembered." Ministers got the news from Sejong, and the design of the mausoleum for Sejong's imperial view was only slightly smaller than that of Changling, so it was quickly approved by Sejong.
After about 7- 1 1 year of operation, the construction of Yongling is basically completed. Compared with the former Seven Mausoleums, the completed Yongling Mausoleum is really unique.
The first is large-scale. In ancient times, the size of the cemetery depended on the rules of the tomb hall, Ming building and Baocheng. According to "Daming Hui Dian", the diameter of Yongling Treasure City is 8 1 piece, with seven double eaves and nine left and right side halls, which is second only to Changling and exceeds the system of sacrifice, scenery, abundance, Mao, Tai and Kang Ling. Its _ en facade is five rooms wide, which is equal to Changling, and then it is only used for Dingling. In addition, in addition to the square yard and Baocheng of Yongling, there is also a Wailuocheng that was not found in the first seven tombs. Its system is "long, stone meticulous, fine, Changling planning heart, not as good as also." In the outer Luocheng, there are five kitchens on the left and five warehouses on the right, and there are east-west long streets modeled after the system of the deep palace and the eternal lane. "Illustration of the Mausoleum of the Emperor" once recorded the origin of Luocheng: "Yongling has been built, which is extremely magnificent, and it is the highest among the seven tombs. Emperor Deng Yang Cuiling visited the Ministry of Industry and said,' Is my mausoleum here?' The minister said quickly, "There is Joo Won outside". So all around _ build by laying bricks or stones, the wall is thick and strong. Although Xiaoling never existed, Dingling has been effective since then. "Of course, this passage is from hearsay. Because, according to the Records of Shizong in the Ming Dynasty (volume 187), the system of eternal mausoleum drawn up by Xia Yan and others at that time was based on the will of Emperor Shizong, and the imperial concubine was considered from the burial form to the cemetery system. More precisely, Emperor Sejong wanted to bury his concubines in his own cemetery (though not in a mysterious palace), so Xia Yan and others designed Wailuocheng, so that all the imperial concubines could be buried in Wailuocheng, and the burial place was planned to be "outside Baoshan, in front of the Ming building", that is, outside the left and right palace walls in front of the Ming building, from left to right. Later, although the tomb of Sejong's concubine was not built in Wailuocheng as originally agreed, Wailuocheng was built as originally planned.
The masonry buildings in Yongling, the sacred monument with novel shape, the unique platform design of Baocheng, the Baocheng battlements with mottled stones, and the royal stone carvings with the pattern of "Dragon, Phoenix and Pearl Play" in _ Endian and _ Enmen were all absent in previous tombs. These practices were later imitated by Dingling.
Because of the exquisite materials and broad regulations of Yongling, Qin Long's Chronicle of Changping in the Ming Dynasty called it "the heavy doors are strict and deep, the hall is magnificent and profound, the building is magnificent, and the pine and cypress are green, just like the fairy palace." Its regulation is accurate to Changling, but Wei Li is exquisite. "The completion of Yongling spent a lot of money in the national treasury. According to Records of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, there were 40,000 officers and men of 3rd Battalion who participated in the construction of Yongling at that time. In addition, in the sixteenth year of Jiajing (1537), the construction of the new palace and the sacred pavilion in the mausoleum area and the internal and external projects of the palace cost more than 302,000 yuan per month. However, at that time, the silver stored in the warehouse of the Ministry of Industry was only one million taels, so it was very difficult to repair the mausoleum. To this end, Sejong had to adopt the opinions of ministers and help the palace bell by accepting the example of silver.
During the fifty to fifty-two years of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1785— 1787), when the imperial court renovated the Ming Tombs, Yongling was also renovated. At that time, although the _ Enmen and _ Endian in Yongling were "damaged when the rafters stopped, and the rafters, purlins, purlins and mats were also rotten", their large wooden frames were not greatly damaged due to their gorgeous materials and elaborate construction. Jin Jian (Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry), Cao (Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Industry) and other ministers in charge of repairing the Ming Tombs should all suggest repairing the Ming Tombs according to the original system. However, due to the large scope of repair, Nanmu has been "chiseled away" during the Qianlong period. If it is still repaired like this, it will be more difficult for Changling and Yongling to buy big trees. After discussion, we put forward such a situation. The yongling palace gate and the palace gate will be composed of two wooden boards, and the five rooms and three rooms of the palace gate will be built according to the regulations of each mausoleum. "In their view," not only the scale of Changling will remain unchanged, but also the palace of Yongling will be neatly restored and treated together with all the tombs, and the scenery will be spectacular and open. "Today, this proposal does not conform to the principle of' repairing old buildings as old', but it can only be done at that time, because Emperor Qianlong ordered the repair of the Ming Tombs, with the aim of softening the relationship between Manchu and Han nationalities and maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and its political purpose was in the first place. As long as the political goal is achieved, it is not important whether the cemetery conforms to the original system. According to this proposal, the funds for tomb repair will be lowered. As a result, the memorial of Jin Jian and others was presented to the court, and soon Emperor Qianlong was allowed to play it. Therefore, the _ En Gate and _ En Temple in Yongling were built on a reduced scale: _ En Temple consists of seven (50.65 meters wide) and five (27.72 meters deep). It was reduced to five rooms' (width 25.9 1 m) and three rooms' (depth 14.4 m), and the roof of the temple was transformed from double eaves to single eaves. _ Enmen, from five rooms with a width of 26.26m and two rooms with a depth of11.26m, reduced to three rooms with a width of12.3m and three rooms with a depth of 8.7m.. The shape of the single-eaves rest peak has not changed.
During the Republic of China, the _ Endian and _ Enmen rebuilt during the Qianlong period collapsed one after another. Up to now, the abutment still completely retains the pillar cornerstone for rebuilding the back door and hall. There are not many pillars in the gates and temples in the Ming Dynasty, but it can be seen that their volumes are obviously larger than those after reconstruction. Among them, the existing stone drum mirror with double eaves and golden columns in Ming Dynasty in _ En Hall has a diameter of 1.2 m, which is only 2 cm smaller than that in Changling. As you can imagine, the nanmu column in Yongling _ Endian in Ming Dynasty is also very thick. & gt