What words are used to describe Zhu's composition?
In a blink of an eye, ten years have passed and my hometown has changed a lot! Look: My hometown is like a big forest. The streets are clean and free of dust. Trees are shaded, flowers are in full bloom, and the air is filled with fresh fragrance. Ah! We live in a green world.
In addition to the beautiful environment, modern technology is also very advanced. All kinds of robots can handle all kinds of garbage, sewage and waste gas, turn waste into treasure, and even solve the problem of human water shortage, make useful daily necessities for human beings and make human life better.
10 years ago, although the roads in my hometown were wide and flat and there were many tall buildings, the greening was really poor, with white garbage everywhere and greenhouse effect. Now, all kinds of manufacturers follow our hobbies and produce a lot of soft drinks. The "coat" of soda is cans, and roads, parks and even schools have become their homes. But the main raw material in the jar is aluminum, which does more harm than good to the human body.
You see, how happy we are now living in such a good environment! How worth cherishing and protecting! Therefore, we should carry out environmental protection to the end, so that our hometown will always maintain that natural beauty!
2. What kind of expression is used to express the poet's feelings in Zhuxian Town's necklaces?
Combined with reality, I wrote a bleak scene, got my pen back, and wrote the temple in front of me. The writing time at the beginning of the article changed from day to night. I saw and heard both sides. The first half of the sentence was actually written. When the two herons came to stay, they saw the incense was cold and the ancient temple was desolate. The second half of the sentence uses a virtual pen. Without dragons in the world, how can there be "dragons"? The poet thinks that Yue Fei died unjustly, so he takes his unique feelings as the scene and imagines that in stormy days, ghosts who are unwilling to fail sometimes sing dragons. The poet created a poetic scene, created something out of nothing, and turned it into reality, endowing his poems with profound connotations and rich implications.
original text
Zhuxian Town, Li Mengyang;
"The water temple in Sha Fei is gloomy during the day, and the ancient pier is full of trees and muddy rivers.
The gold medal cries bitterly, and the iron horse drives the master's heart.
At night, pine trees, pines and herons lodge, and sometimes it rains and sings in a dragon.
After the literati returned to Ci Fu, the north and south were desolate from ancient times to the present.
works appreciation
The first couplet is about the real scene in front of us. "Water Temple" refers to Yue Temple. Because there is a river next to the temple, it is called "Water Temple". On a sunny day, the poet went to the Yue Temple to play, and suddenly it was overcast and windy. The scenery in front of the temple is also bleak: "Ancient piers-residual trees-turbid rivers are deep."
Couplets are memories of history caused by touching the scene. According to historical records, in order to recall Yue Fei, Qin Gui attached 12 gold plates in one day. Yue Fei wept bitterly and worshipped Japan again: "Ten years of hard work, once in vain!" "On that day, the local elders and the whole city went out to see me off, and some stopped the horse's head and wept bitterly. The last sentence is a summary of this historical event. In the later period, Yue Fei's merits and ideological foundation not only praised Yue Fei from the front, but also strengthened the tragedy contained in the sentence "Gold medal weeping" from the opposite side.
After Zhuan Xu began to talk about history with pen and ink, the Necklace took back the pen and wrote down the Yue Temple in front of him, but the writing time has changed from day to night at the beginning of the article. It's been a long time since I thought the poet was imagining things in front of Yue Temple. "The night is loose, the egrets stay at night" and "Sometimes the rain sings according to the dragon" are written on both sides, and the last sentence is actually written. When two herons came to stay, they found the ancient temple desolate. The next sentence uses an empty pen. Without dragons in the world, how can there be "dragons"? The poet thinks that Yue Fei died unjustly, so he might as well take his unique feelings as a scene and imagine that in stormy days, ghosts who are unwilling to fail sometimes sing dragons. This sentence is a stroke of genius. The poet created the poetic scene by creating something out of nothing and turning the scene into truth, which endowed the poem with profound connotation and rich implication.
Tail couplet says the ancient way is today, and lyrical writing is pregnant. Contrary to the previous sentence, the focus falls on the conclusion sentence. It means: Although the literati in the past still wrote poems and eulogized Yue Fei's heroism, it can't change the bleak scene that Nanfen (Yue Fen is in Hangzhou) and Beimiao were left out by the world. Yue Fei's spirit of serving the country has long been ignored or even forgotten by the world, conveying deep sorrow and great emotion. Zhong Xing praised this poem without diminishing Du Fu's Book of Letters (where is the Hall of Fame). I think there is the same loyalty, grief and indignation in these two poems.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Mengyang (A.D. 1473—— A.D. 1530) and 1473 were born in Anhua County, Qingyang Prefecture (now Qingcheng County, Gansu Province), and then returned to their hometown. Therefore, the direct author of Lu is from Fugou, Henan. Good at calligraphy, Yan Zhenqing brushwork, and good at ancient Chinese characters. A writer in the middle of Ming Dynasty, the leader of the first seven sons of the retro school. Advocate "literature must be in Qin and Han dynasties, poetry must be in the prosperous Tang dynasty" and emphasize retro. Yan Zhenqing, a self-written poet, is rigorous, does not stick to rules and regulations, and has a strong sense of learning. The literary "retro" movement advocated by Li Mengyang prevailed for a century, and was later replaced by the "public security school" represented by Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao.
3. Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures (pieces)
Open classification of Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures: Henan, New Year Pictures, Kaifeng, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Folk Art Kaifeng Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures is the originator of China Woodblock New Year Pictures.
It is mainly distributed in Kaifeng, Zhuxian Town and its surrounding areas, and the New Year pictures in Yangliuqing, Tianjin, Taohuawu, Suzhou and Weifang, Shandong are all influenced by it. It is characterized by exquisite color, rich and bright color, lasting fastness, strong contrast, rough Gu Zhuo, fullness and compactness, and strong versatility.
Composition with traditional methods, the picture has its own theme and time, the object is obvious, and the characters in the scene are cleverly arranged, showing a uniform and symmetrical aesthetic feeling. Zhuxian Town is 10 km south of Kaifeng City, Henan Province. Although it is a small town, it was listed as one of the four ancient towns in China in ancient times.
Especially at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei led an army here to defeat the nomads from Wu Shu, and Zhuxian Town is more known to the Chinese people. To commemorate the achievements of Yue Jiajun, Zhuxian Town built a large-scale Wang Yue Temple, and now Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures Society is located in this ancient temple.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, every Spring Festival, especially during the Spring Festival, it has become a fashion for every household to stick up their doors. In order to pray for a long life, good luck and evil spirits.
Later, the Northern Song Dynasty declined and perished. After several wars, the woodblock New Year pictures declined. In the Ming Dynasty, Kaifeng New Year pictures were revived, but gradually moved to Zhuxian Town.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the flood flooded Kaifeng and everything was deserted. Zhuxian Town became the center of woodblock New Year pictures. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 300 woodblock New Year pictures workshops in Zhuxian Town, and their works sold well all over the country, so the New Year pictures in Kaifeng area were collectively called "Zhuxian Town Woodblock New Year Pictures", which had far-reaching influence.
The woodcut New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town have five characteristics: first, the lines are rough and the thickness is alternating; Second, the image is exaggerated, with a big head and a small body; Third, the composition is full and symmetrical; Fourth, bright colors and strong contrast; Fifth, the door gods are many codes, serious and dignified. In the woodcut New Year pictures of Zhuxian Town, there are the most door gods, among which Qin Qiong and Wei Chijingde are two military commanders.
In those paintings of door gods, the two military commanders are either dressed differently or have different shapes: stepping on the whip, riding the whip, turning the whip, holding the whip, vertical knife, robe and so on. No less than 20 styles. In addition, there are various civil and military door gods.
Scholar Wuzi, Nine Lotus Lantern, Fu Lushou. Wumen God is often a loyal minister, a righteous man and a variety of heroes in traditional Chinese opera. Door gods with different contents are often posted on different people's doors: fairies, even children and three mothers are posted on the doors of married children; Middle-aged people stick to their homes, step by step; Old people stick pine cranes on their doors to prolong life; The children's bedroom door is plastered with five sons winning the championship, bangs hitting golden toad and so on.
A folk woodcut in the Central Plains of China. It was named after it was produced in Zhuxian Town, Henan Province.
"Dream of China in Tokyo" records that during the Northern Song Dynasty, the woodblock New Year pictures in Bianjing area were quite prosperous. Every New Year's Day, kitchen horses and door gods were printed and sold in the street. From the mid-Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, there were more than 300 woodblock New Year pictures workshops in Zhuxian Town, producing door gods and red paper.
The style is rough and vigorous, the composition is full, the color is bright and the shape is exaggerated. The varieties include sorcerer's door gods, literati's door gods, pictures of gods, tidbits, hanging notes and so on.
Witch door gods are divided into generals, Wu Caishen, warriors and so on. Literati gods divide blessings, boys and evil spirits. Printing methods are mainly engraving and watercolor overprinting, generally a set of six editions, and some as many as nine editions.
The color is mainly warm. Most characters use white blushing eyelids, which is their unique decorative technique.
Transparent watercolors are used for printing. After overprinting, the wood grain appears slightly in color, which highlights the artistic characteristics of woodblock New Year pictures. Now Zhuxian Town has established a woodblock New Year Pictures Society.
"The doorman The doorman rides a red horse and sticks it on the door to guard the house; The doorman is holding a broadsword, and GREAT GHOST boy can't get in ... "This is a folk song with a long history. And the "door god" is the New Year picture! When a heart comes from afar with the "keeper" riding a red horse, I am moved! Moved by her long history and hardships.
I am proud! Proud that her birthplace is in Kaifeng. Speaking of the origin of woodcut door gods, let's listen to an old legend told by elders ... In that year, Li Shimin, king of Qin, led an army to capture Kaifeng.
The local elders complained to him: years of war, the city is haunted at night, and the people can't live. That night, Li Shimin was awakened by nightmares many times and couldn't sleep.
Knowing this, General Qin Qiong and Wei Chijingde stood majestically by the door, holding a double mace in one hand and a golden whip in the other, and nothing happened at night. Li Shimin had a brainwave and asked the counselor to draw the statues of Qin Qiong and Jingde and stick them on the two city gates to protect people's safety.
A clever carpenter from Zhuxian Town came to Kaifeng and saw the portrait of the general at the city gate. When he came back, he carved the portraits of the two men on a pear board and printed them as door gods. The carpenter's door gods were in short supply, and later they developed into festive New Year pictures.
Since then, Zhuxian Town New Year pictures have become famous in one fell swoop. Legend belongs to legend. History shows that China woodblock New Year pictures first appeared in Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.
"Dream of China in Tokyo" records that in Kaifeng, the capital, "On the first day of New Year's Day, the door gods printed and sold in the street, and Zhong Kui, peach boards, peach symbols, and money gates were blunt donkeys, turned back to deer and horses, and stuck them in the sky ..." The door gods were called "paper horses" and "paper paintings" in the Song Dynasty. Turning over the historical scroll "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival", the portrait of the door god in front of "Wangzhima Store" is clearly discernible.
The door god painting in the Northern Song Dynasty is the first painting in the history of China. The woodblock New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
"Yue Fei and Zhuxian Town" contains: "The red paper door god is something for the New Year and the most famous specialty in the town. In the heyday of the past, there were more than 300 people in this industry ... "In that year, there were more than 300 shops in Zhuxian Town, and the output of New Year pictures reached 4 million in the peak year.
Every winter, businessmen from all over the world get together. "Gatekeeper, Gatekeeper, Riding a Red Horse", Zhuxian Town woodblock New Year Pictures traveled all over the province in a boat carrying grain river, and went to Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Fujian, Gansu, Ningxia ... and entered people's field of vision.
After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River flooded the Central Plains many times, and Zhuxian Town was seriously affected. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were only over 70 New Year pictures companies in the town.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the economy of Zhuxian Town was depressed, and the business dropped sharply, leaving only more than 40 New Year picture workshops. On the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to survive, the New Year pictures industry moved to Bookstore Street, Nanmen Lane, West Street, East Street and Tujie in Kaifeng City.
1938, the Japanese army occupied Kaifeng, which made all walks of life in the ancient city depressed, and the New Year pictures closed down or changed careers. On the eve of liberation, the New Year picture workshop was in Kaifeng.
Write a review for Wuyuan, the most beautiful village in China.
1. Wuyuan guide words Friends: Hello everyone! Welcome everyone to visit Jiangxi! Jiangxi is a good place with beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful people and fragrant tea.
Today we will visit Wuyuan, the "most beautiful village in China". Wuyuan is located in the northeast of Jiangxi.
In the 28th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (740 AD), a county was established, which is an ancient county-level administrative region with a long history of 1200 years. It is named for its "land is the source of five waters".
Wuyuan is adjacent to Anhui and Zhejiang, with a flourishing style of writing and places of interest everywhere, especially the ancient buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties are more classic. Surrounded by rural areas, gurgling streams, ancient trees and bamboos, waterfalls, post roads, road pavilions and arch bridges, the natural scenery is picturesque. It has rich cultural and natural scenery.
Wuyuan Square Garden covers an area of 29 147 square kilometers, and now governs eleven towns and fifteen townships. Known as "eight mountains and a half-fields, half waterways and half manors".
This is an area affected by subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature 16.7 degrees Celsius, and the annual average precipitation 182 1mm or more.
Wuyuan is a fast-growing and high-yield forest base county and one of the advanced counties of modern ecological agriculture in China. It has the titles of "National Top 100 Greening Counties" and "National Folk Culture Village".
This is the tea town of China, the hometown of tea culture in China ... Wuyuan County belongs to Zhou She, Jiangnan Road from Tang Dynasty to Five Dynasties, Xin 'an County in Huizhou in Song Dynasty, Huizhou Road in Yuan Dynasty and Huizhou House in Ming and Qing Dynasties ... This is one of the birthplaces of Huizhou merchants. At that time, businessmen made money abroad, went home to invest and study, broke through the complex of worshipping business in feudal political system, and embarked on a road of "cultivating Confucianism with business" and "promoting business with Confucianism". There are many businessmen, scholars and officials in Wuyuan.
Under the guidance of "studious, good business and good fruit", Wuyuan will "have talents in the room". Under the influence of the instructions, Wuyuan people became popular in reading, and it lasted forever.
In the good reading atmosphere, Zhu Bian, a writer in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Jian, an educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, He Zhen, the father of China's railways, Hu Shi, a modern scholar, Jiang Qian, a modern educator, and a famous modern medical scientist emerged.
According to historical records, from the Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were 550 scholars in Wuyuan County, and as many as 2,665 served as officials at all levels. There have been victories such as "Nineteen Scholars, Six Departments and Four Ministers", "Sanliantang, Shilisi Academician".
Since ancient times, "there is no business without emblem", but Wuyuan is the main force among Huizhou merchants. At that time, there was a saying that "there is no badge without force." Wuyuan merchants are the top wood merchants and tea merchants among Huizhou merchants. This is enough to explain the status of Wuyuan businessmen in those days.
This also makes today's Wuyuan, Ming and Qing buildings all over the county. Official residence, family ancestral temple, merchant residence, villagers' former residence, everything.
These buildings have a front hall and a back hall in turn, and there are dozens of contiguous buildings. Streets and alleys are paved with bluestone slabs. Stone buildings are mostly concentrated in Tuochuan, Sikou, Jiangwan, Liutou, Yuan Zhe, Longshan, Xucun, Tsinghua and other villages, as well as covered bridges, road pavilions, gatehouses, storefronts and stage.
Wuyuan is one of the best preserved ancient buildings in China. In the green forests and ancient trees, there are houses with cornices everywhere. This is "the last Shangri-La". Wuyuan is rich in products, and the local green tea "Wuqing" is a tribute of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The unique boiled red carp is a treasure at the Diaoyutai State Banquet. Weilong inkstone is one of the four famous traditional inkstones in China. Jiangwan Sydney, known as the "Pear King of Jiangnan".
Wuyuan Cultural Eco-tourism Zone has now opened 20 scenic spots in "one area and four lines", where you can enjoy the charm of Huizhou Opera, the rough and primitive Nuo dance and the tea performance of pure and charming mountain village girls. Friends of Yancun, a boutique merchant residence in Qing Dynasty, is located at 18km west of the county seat.
It is a boutique in Wuyuan's existing residential groups of merchants in the Qing Dynasty and an elegant manor in the Qing Dynasty. The earliest construction of Yancun can be traced back to the Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1078- 1085). The earliest residents in the village were Cha, Wu, Cheng and Lu.
During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the Jin family moved in from Wuyuan Tuochuan. Later, the population of the Jin family gradually increased and now accounts for 80% of the total number of villagers. Yanchun used to be called Yanchuan, because the village is facing a steady stream of Qingxi water, and the villagers expect future generations to be immortal, so they got this name.
With the change of time, the ancient name Yanchuan has been abbreviated as Yanchun. In Yanchun, there are now 56 ancient houses built by businessmen during the Qing Qianlong and Jiaqing years, covering an area of more than 25,000 square meters.
Most of the ancient houses in Yancun are patio houses. The so-called "patio" is actually an open-air courtyard, but the area is small.
It is hot, rainy and humid here, with many mountains and hills and narrow people. The layout of residential buildings here pays more attention to sun protection and ventilation, as well as fire prevention. Compact layout, dense, many buildings. The basic units of residential buildings are centered on the horizontal rectangular patio, surrounded by buildings on all sides or on the left, right and back sides, with less sunshine; The narrow and high patio also played a role in pulling the wind; The main house, that is, the main house faces the patio, which is completely open and can see the sun; Every house drains to the patio, which is called "four waters return to the hall" in geomantic theory, which means that money does not flow out.
The periphery often rises to seal the volcanic wall, because it looks like a horse's head, also known as the horse's head wall, which helps to prevent the fire from spreading. Horsehead wall is a major modeling feature of residential buildings in South Yemen.
The walls are higher than the roof, and the outline is stepped. The length of the roof eaves varies with the depth of the house. Horsehead walls with varied eaves are widely used in Jiangnan dwellings, which are divided into one, two, three and four levels. Usually trivalent and tetravalent are more common.
The brick wall of the volcano wall is painted with white ash, and the top of the wall is covered with two layers of blue tiles. White walls and blue tiles are beautiful and elegant. Yanchang villagers' residence is characterized by quadrangles, shallow patios, two-story buildings, gatehouses, white walls, horse-headed walls, and many decorations in the house.
Formed a basic unified style of architectural form. The first to third floors of the ancient house in Yancun are mostly wooden frames with bucket structure, and there is a wind volcano wall around the house, which makes the wind volcano wall higher than the roof. The gate is Shikumen Square, with water mill and blue brick facade.
The plane layout is generally three rooms, divided into front hall, back hall and kitchen, with shallow patios in front and back. Beryl, lattice doors and windows, and bluestone tablets are the most amazing "three carvings" (wood carving, brick carving, stone carving).