The weather in Xinjiang is dry and sultry. It didn't rain. Why?
The climate in Xinjiang is characterized by drought, characterized by sufficient light and heat and scarce precipitation.
The reason for the arid environment is that it is far away from the ocean and mountains. The water from the ocean gradually decreased during the long-distance transportation, and was blocked by mountains when it arrived in Xinjiang, which not only reduced the water, but also formed regional differences in precipitation distribution.
2. The inversion layer mountain is
Winter shelter resort
Because the Tianshan Mountains can stop cold air from invading south, it has become a climate dividing line, with northern Xinjiang belonging to the middle temperate zone and southern Xinjiang belonging to the warm temperate zone.
The annual average temperature in southern Xinjiang plain is 10C- 13C, which is lower than that in northern Xinjiang plain. The extreme maximum temperature in Turpan reaches 48.9℃, and the extreme minimum temperature in Fuyun County reaches -5 1.5℃ ... The daily average temperature is greater than 10℃, and the annual accumulated temperature is above 4000℃ in southern Xinjiang plain and below 3500℃ in northern Xinjiang plain. The frost-free period of southern Xinjiang plain is 200-220 days, and that of northern Xinjiang plain is mostly less than 150 days.
In summer, the temperature in mountainous areas is obviously decreasing vertically, with the decreasing rate of 6c-8c/1000 m. There is an inversion layer in the middle mountain zone of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain in winter, and the inversion rate is 3c-5c/1000 m. The inversion mountain area is a winter pasture and a resort to avoid the cold, such as Urumqi Nanshan Ski Resort. The precipitation in northern Xinjiang is more than that in southern Xinjiang.
The distribution law of annual sunshine hours is as follows: from north to south, it decreases slightly, 300 1 hour in Altay and 2574 hours in Pishan; From west to east, Huocheng has 2828 hours and Xingxingxia has 3549 hours; From the plain to the mountainous area, the number of northern Xinjiang decreased and the number of southern Xinjiang increased. The reason is that there are many rainy days in the mountainous areas of northern Xinjiang and many floating dust and sandstorms in the Shangjiang Plain.
The precipitation in Xinjiang mainly comes from the westerly airflow prevailing in the Atlantic Ocean, followed by the cold and humid airflow in the Arctic Ocean, and it is difficult for the monsoon of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean to enter Xinjiang. The average annual precipitation in Xinjiang is only 1.45 mm, which is 23% of the national average (630 mm), and Xinjiang is almost the least in the same latitude in the world. The distribution law of precipitation is: northern Xinjiang is more than southern Xinjiang, western Xinjiang is more than eastern Xinjiang, mountainous area is more than plain, basin edge is more than basin center, windward slope is more than leeward slope. The mountainous area in northern Xinjiang is 400-600 mm, and the local area is close to 1000 mm, the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain is 20-400 mm, and the northern slope of Kunlun Mountain is 200-300 mm. The edge of Junggar Basin is 150-250mm, and the central and eastern parts are100-/kloc-0. The western and northern edges of Tarim Basin are 50-70 mm, the eastern and southern edges are 20-50 mm, the center is less than 20 mm, and the vicinity of Tuokexun County in Turpan Basin is only 4 mm.