What are the myths and legends of Mongolians?
A boy of three or four years old is running in the wilderness. The hunter drove the wolf away and brought it back. I don't know why he was born, so he was named "Shalu". With his eloquence, Sha Luneng understood various animal languages. He Zhuang enlisted in the army and fought side by side with Genghis Khan. On a camping trip, Charouk heard wolves howling and told the leader that there was a flood and he had to camp elsewhere. Sure enough, it was stormy at night and the original camp was flooded. From then on, whenever camping at night, the leader asked Charouk if he knew it was good or bad. From the above historical records and the folklore of wolf children, it can be clearly seen that Mongols have the concept of wolf totem worship.
Deer, with vigorous skills, good at running, beautiful and magical, are naturally worshipped by the ancients and recorded in history books. Mongolian shamans believe that deer can manifest spirits and exorcise evil spirits. The hats worn by shaman wizards (Bo) in Hu Ba, Chahar, Horqin and other areas in Inner Mongolia are decorated with iron antlers, and the bronze mirrors and drums used also depict the image of deer, which shows that Mongolian ancestors, especially forest hunters, regard deer as totem gods. Therefore, the totem myth of "Canglang White Deer", a pair of once cohesive Mongolian ancestors, is recorded in the secret history of Mongolia and is precious. From the development of totem system, the oldest totem is the "original totem", and each clan has only one totem, and it is a real thing that exists in their surrounding environment, such as totem entities such as wolves and deer. "With the development of two kinds of production (material production and man's own reproduction), conflicts, alliances, exchanges, intermarriage and hybridization will inevitably occur between clans. ..... The consanguineous family was greatly impacted and eventually collapsed. Extraethnic marriage led to changes in totem worship, and' quasi-primitive totem' came into being. " Quasi-primitive totem is actually a transition from a single totem to a confrontation between matriarchal totem and paternal totem. At first, the latter did not occupy an important position. When people paid more attention to paternal totem, they entered the late primitive society, that is, the patriarchal clan commune period. The appearance of Canglang White Deer in the form of husband and wife shows that it is a totem form that existed during the patriarchal commune period in Mongolian society.
2. Bear totem worship
According to legend, there is such a story: "A woman met a bear and gradually became familiar with it. Later, the woman gave birth to several bear-like children. After raising the child, she returned to bear. Leave a message before leaving:' If you don't kill the bear for three years, you will kill me'. But the children still ignored their mother's warning and killed a bear in the third year. When the bear's abdomen was cut open, they saw the woman's breasts inside. "
3. Cattle totem worship
Totem worship of Mangniu is also the belief of Buryat Mongols. The History of Buryat in Mongolia is still written by Longmu, which records the myths and legends about Buryat's ancient history. It is said that "Idugan" (a witch) born in Buryatia, named "Asugan", was roaming in Lake Baikal when she saw a bison barking and foaming at the mouth of the lake. I thought, "This is not my ordinary opportunity, but a godsend opportunity", so I had sex with Mangniu. Soon, Idugan gave birth to two boys, the elder brother named Briatai and the younger brother named Hao Tairi. While hunting in the jungle at the top of the mountain, Mrs. Buryatov met a woman as his wife and gave birth to two boys. My brother's name is Yi Hei Log, and my brother's name is Paula Gatt. The descendants of Ehrit and Bo lagat always said in the jungle of Hanshan Mountain: "The father of Manuna (king) and the mother of Hatun (old age)", and the ritual of offering fresh milk to God was circulated, which is still practiced in some tribes living in Lake Baikal. The myths and legends about the worship of cows (the Emperor worships the face of cows) also describe the origin of the face of cows, Park Jung Su of Iraq and Baucaut. Legend has it that the bull's forehead is the son of heaven, but he made eyes at Princess Taiji and Khan, and got pregnant while walking in a seemingly busy bull covered with bull's hide. Later, the two boys who were pregnant with his eyes became the ancestors of Paula Gatt and Gerrit.
4. Swan totem worship
According to legend, Holitumut is a single young man who is not married. One day, while roaming in Lake Baikal, he saw nine swans coming from the northeast, shedding their feathers and becoming nine fairies. He stole the feather of a swan and hid it. After taking a bath, eight swans flew away in feathered clothes, leaving one as his wife. After giving birth to the eleventh son, the wife wanted to go back to her hometown and asked her husband to return the clothes, but her husband refused. One day, while his wife was doing needlework, Holitumut was cooking with a "clip" (that is, two blankets to prevent burning hands). The wife said, "Please give me a goose coat. I want to try it on. I went in and out through the gate. You will catch me easily. Let me try! " Horitumo thought, "What will happen if he wears it?" So he took the white goose coat out of the box and gave it to his wife. The wife put on a goose coat and immediately turned into a swan, spreading her wings in the room. Suddenly, she spread her wings and flew out of the skylight. "Oh, you can't go, don't go!" The husband let out a cry of surprise and grabbed the swan's calf, but at last the swan flew into the sky. Holitumut said, "You can go if you want, but you have to wait until you have named your eleven sons!" " Therefore, the wife named her eleven sons Hubbard, Garrud, Kwacai, Garbin, Batunai, Kedai, Xuxide, Kayan and Salad. Say that finish, then fly to the northeast.
5. Eagle totem worship
The traditional view of shaman is that "the eagle is the messenger of the birds in the sky." It was ordered to descend to earth to marry the tribal leader and give birth to a beautiful girl. The eagle taught her the magical skills of communicating with heaven and gods, and knitted the girl into a magical dress with her own feathers, and put a crown made of feathers on her head, so that she could be invited to visit heaven and cultivated into an amazing world's earliest Udugan. The earliest incarnation of male shaman was also related to eagle. The collected works of Gallov in the former Soviet Union recorded a legend: "At the beginning of the world, there was no disease or death on the earth. After a while, evil spirits sprinkled disease and death on the world, and people began to suffer. At this time, the gods sent eagles from the sky to help the world. However, this specially sent eagle finally fell to the ground, and people on the ground couldn't understand it and couldn't figure out why it came to the earth. As a last resort, the eagle flew at the feet of the gods and returned to the sky. So the gods ordered the eagle to say: Teach the shaman skills to the first people you meet when you get to the ground. In this way, the eagle came to the world again and saw a woman sleeping under a tree at a glance. The eagle crossed with this woman and got her pregnant. At this time, the woman was temporarily separated from her husband. When she returned to her husband, she gave birth to a boy at full term, which was the earliest shaman in the world.
6. Tree totem worship
Legend has it that in ancient times, there were two families, Amin and Tumen, who lived in the deep mountains and forests. One of their descendants is a professional hunter. One day, the hunter found a big tree in the forest, with a tumor in the middle and a baby lying in the hole (hollow). At the top of the tree tumor, there is a branch that looks like a leaky pipe, and its tip is just inserted into the baby's mouth. The sap of the tree enters the body through the baby's mouth along the leaking pipe and becomes his food. There is an owl in the tree carefully guarded. The hunter brought the baby back and raised it, calling it "the mother is a tree baby and the father is the nephew of the owl god (Tengger singer)." When a baby is promoted as a leader in adulthood, his descendants will breed into the Churos tribe. People in Larose miss the idea of feeding people with branches. There is also a saying that people who adopt babies and their offspring are called the "Junggar" department.