How to grow Wendeng American ginseng?
1. Land selection and soil preparation In low latitude areas of China, it is advisable to choose mountain broad-leaved forest or fertile farmland with an altitude of 800 ~ 1000 meters. The loam or humus loam with deep humus soil layer is slightly acidic when the pH value is below 6.5, with high groundwater level and good drainage; It is advisable to use the fallow land or the gently sloping wasteland with irrigation conditions and a slope of 5 ~ 20 degrees around it. After selecting the ginseng field, plow and sow it in the spring and summer of 1 year, so as not to use it now. Sowing depth is about 20 cm, not too deep, so the soil will be weathered and mature, and the dead leaves will be fully decomposed. 1 year after leisure, plough again, sift out stones and other impurities, and add 8 grams of 50% carbendazim, 2-3 kilograms of decomposed manure, bone meal 1 kg or 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer per square meter of soil. Then 1 time shallow tillage, leveling and harrowing are carried out to make a high ridge with a width of 1.2m and a depth of 20cm, and the width of the working track is 80 ~ 100cm, so as to facilitate drainage, air circulation and receiving scattered light.
2. Transplanted seeds should be sown to raise seedlings, and American ginseng seedlings should be cultivated for 2 years before planting in nursery. The planting period should be carried out before germination in February-March in spring. In the meantime, the sooner the better. Late April at the latest. It can also be done after plants wither in autumn, but it is best to plant in spring. Dig ginseng seedlings from the day before planting ginseng, and plant them while planting. When planting, the seedlings are classified according to size and planted separately. It is reasonable to arrange the plants in rows with the spacing of 25 cm× 12.5 cm. At present, most planting methods are inclined, that is, the planting ditch keeps a slope of 40-45 degrees from the ground, when planting, the buds are upward, the roots extend into the ditch, the covering soil is about 5 cm thick, and the edges are covered with leaves of 4-5 cm or short wheat straw of 5-8 cm long; Or cover with 3 cm thick sawdust to protect ginseng seedlings from overwintering and prevent weeds from breeding.
3. Ginseng shed Panax quinquefolium was originally a shady plant under the forest, avoiding direct sunlight, and artificial cultivation needed to build a shade shed for shade. Generally, the scaffolding time is from mid-April to mid-May, and the scaffolding is started at the same time when the border plastic film is removed. Scaffolding forms include bow shed, single shed, double shed and flat ceiling. It is necessary to adapt to local conditions.
4. Pests The pests that harm the growth of American ginseng include damping off, spot disease, leaf rust, embroidery rot, weevil, stem borer, mole cricket, cutworm, needle worm and so on.
To prevent and control diseases and pests of American ginseng, we must do the following three things:
1. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, cultivate robust plants and improve disease resistance. Loosen the soil in time, pay attention to the matching supply of water and fertilizer in each growth period, and spray a new high-fat film to keep the water and fertilizer from losing water, so as to ensure a good long-term environment and conditions for the implant.
2. Timely prevention and prevention control. Combined with the production season and weather changes, timely use of drugs, and the application of new high-fat film to enhance the efficacy, prevent the invasion of pests and diseases, effectively kill pests and diseases. Before overwintering, the soil should be treated with pests and diseases, and a new high-fat film should be sprayed to prevent cold, heat preservation and pest migration.
3. Strengthen the rhizome and increase the content. When the leaves begin to unfold, spray the herb Gendarrin on them. The nutrition of photosynthesis products on the leaves is transported to the root system, which improves the nutrient conversion rate and soil loosening ability, makes the rhizome expand rapidly and greatly improves the medicinal content.
Cultivation techniques of climbing American ginseng
American ginseng, originally a wild variety, has been introduced and cultivated all over the world after domestication.
Introduced successfully in many places in China. In hot climate areas, choose forest humus soil, well-drained woodland with deep humus soil layer.
The peak forest plain with cool climate can be planted with broad-leaved forest or fertile fields, loam or humus with high groundwater level and good drainage, leisure land and uncultivated land.
After selecting the land, burn the wasteland first, and then shovel the topsoil and pile it up.
The farmland is first covered with grass and grass plants such as branches and roots, and then burned, and the soil is piled up for border use.
If conditions permit, this pile of soil can be freeze-dried for one winter and one summer. Avoid using them all now.
The ploughing depth is about 20 cm, not too deep, so the soil will be weathered and decomposed, and the dead leaves will be fully decomposed.
After idle 1 year, plow 1 time again, screen out impurities such as stones, mix 0.08kg of 50% carbendazim, 2-3kg of decomposed manure, 1 kg of bone meal or 2kg of calcium superphosphate into the soil as base fertilizer, and plow 1 time again to level the harrow.
After the whole ground, make a border, the width is 120 ~ 150 cm, and the length depends on the specific situation.
The boundary is 25 cm high, the bed runs north and south, and the soil is disinfected.
0.0 1 ~ 0.02g of 80% zineb per square meter, 0.0 1 ~ 0.03kg of 50% ethisulfuron per square meter, or 0.0 1 ~ 0.03kg of 40% toluenesulfonamide per square meter have better disinfection effect.