When Jin Xiangong was in power, where was the capital of Jin State?
More than 5 kilometers south of Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province, there is an ancient city shaped like a carriage. After the wars of past dynasties and the erosion of wind and rain in the Spring and Autumn Period, the city walls have been ruined: the collapsed city walls are piled high and the traces of destruction are vivid. The highest point is still 35 feet, and the lowest point is about one or two feet. It is uneven, many-hued, like a wounded dragon, wheezes and hisses, hovering beside the ditch at the waist of Zhongtiao Mountain, lying on the bare cliff. Like a rusty broken chain, it was abandoned in the wild.
However, you will be surprised to find that this place was once the capital of Jin, one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Overlooking the carriage city
The carriage was built in Jin Xiangong in AD 8 (669 BC) and rebuilt in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Mache City is located in the middle ridge area of Jiangyuan, north of the eastern section of Zhongtiaoshan, and is sandwiched by two ditches about 30 meters deep in the east and west. The city is about 400 meters long from north to south and 50 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 30 mu. There are inexhaustible water sources in the ditch outside the city, forming a natural moat. High-thick walls are built around the city by ditches, and tunnel-type earth doors are dug in the northwest corner, with a steep slope of 75 degrees inside and outside. It can be said that the high city is heavy and solid.
There is a 2-mu depression in the east of the city, commonly known as "Gutuo", which is said to be the prison at that time. There is an earth platform with an area of about 10 square meter on the bank of Lingou. The top of the platform is flat and towering, and it is called "sentry platform" or "beacon tower". About a mile north of the city is a year-round Sushui River. Qiu Chi, which is backed by Zhongtiao Mountain in the south of the city, is not only steep and unique in terrain, but also has excellent wind pulse and pleasant scenery, giving people the feeling that "the wind blows the mountain to know the rain in the distance, but it will suppress the clouds for two days", and "Dawn of Qiu Chi" has become one of the "Ten Scenes of Jiangxian County". In the meantime, there is an open land with gentle terrain, about 50 or 60 acres, which is called the soldier training ground. Due south 10, which goes directly to Henglingguan, the "throat" in the south of Shanxi. Crossing the Yellow River to the south, we arrived in Luoyang, the capital of the Spring and Autumn Period. That is, under the leadership of Wang Shuping, in order to protect the restoration of King Xiang of Zhou, the banner of "respecting the king and resisting foreigners" was erected in jindun, and we swore allegiance to the death.
Three trenches in the east, west and north surrounded the three villages of Southeast City, Southwest City and Jia Pei Castle. The three villages stood in isolation and echoed each other through trenches as the defense of the peripheral defenders at that time. There is a brick "town valve" on the bridge between the three villages, and the stone on the threshold is engraved with "Dr. Kim's hometown".
This used to be the ancient capital of gold.
Horse-drawn carriage city, once the ancient capital of Jin, has detailed historical materials to check.
According to the Records of Jiangxian County in the Ming Dynasty, in eight years, "Gong Xian sent soldiers to build a capital city (that is, the carriage city 5 kilometers south of Jiangxian County), killing all the sons of Huan and Zhuang nationalities, and then gathering into crimson, which made the capital of the State of Jin in crimson". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Lashang, the magistrate of Baishan County in Langjiang County, was awarded the title of "Preface to Newly Built Jiangxian County", saying: "Jiangxian County is also the capital of Kujin. Today's Quwo and Yongfenjiang draw circles ... "During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, Hualing and Xi 'an were both Jiangxian County. Liu Bin also said in the Preface to the Continuation of Jiangxian County: "Jiangxi was a cosmopolitan metropolis in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Jin Dynasty, and it was an impregnable place ..." Pingyang government records clearly: After offering the public to the throne, he "killed a group of sons and moved to Jiangxi. The "Jiang" in the above picture is now the horse-drawn carriage city in Jiangxian County.
A large number of authoritative historical records also show that the carriage is the ancient capital of Jin State.
"Yu Fang Minutes" contains: "Ju, that is, the carriage city ten miles southeast of Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province." There are more than 65,438+00 kinds of historical books, such as Historical Records of Historians in Jin Dynasty, Shipu, Dictionary of Place Names in China, Yuanhe Records, Supplement to Place Names, Spring and Autumn Stories, etc. Without exception, this argument is confirmed.
It has been 84 years since Jin Xiangong established Jiangxiang Motown as its capital in eight years, which is the most glorious period in the history of Jin State, and it is also an era of earth-shaking changes in the history of Jin State. It was not until 15 that Gong Jing moved the capital to Xintian, a flat land, because he was afraid that the Golden Shield located on the slope of Zhongtiaoshan would be in similar danger.
Surrounded and killed these sons.
At the beginning of his succession, his power was threatened by Huan and Zhuang.
The so-called Huan and Zhuang are ancestors, ancestors and lineal relatives. The descendants of Huan Hezhuang are actually uncles and nephews. These people are far more than the sons of small groups. They rely on financial resources, are lawless, idle, do evil, and even compete with public office for profits, which makes the dedication of the public very uneasy. In order to sweep away the hidden dangers around him, the sacrifice adopted a deviant strategy. First seduce most of the retarded boys, frame the rich boys who are resourceful and have few misdeeds, and then try to eradicate the boys who are eager to stir up trouble. Then, the literati built a city to gather (that is, the carriage city), arrested all ordinary sons with tricks and killed them in one fell swoop. Today, the prison that surrounded and killed those sons still exists.
After Jin Xiangong besieged and killed those sons, he eliminated his worries and consolidated his position as a monarch. He simply said, "The city gathers in the capital, and the life is crimson, and the capital is crimson at the beginning" ("Historical Records Jin Shijia"). As for the scale of expansion, there is a clear record in the Book of Songs: "Guangbei City is outside Erli", that is, the area of Erli Square City is expanded to the north of the original carriage city.
With the expansion of the capital area, the position of Mache City as the political, economic, military and cultural center of Jin State has become more and more stable.
A large number of cultural relics and place names support.
Numerous cultural relics and countless related place names distributed in Jiangxian County can prove that Checheng in Jiangxian County is the ancient capital of Jin State.
Our tombs, cultural cemeteries and mausoleums are all in Jiangxian County. Xianling Cemetery is located in Huaiquan Village, Jiangxian County, with a height of about 40 meters, which looks like a sessile muduo. It is said that it is made of Wuhua soil from Prince Quwo Beach, dozens of miles away, and Chinese people line up to deliver baskets and pile them up. Because of its poor reputation, "sleeping without a shrine is unbearable." Wenling Mausoleum, located in Xiacun, Jiangxian County, is about 40 meters high and circular. Due to outstanding achievements, there is a shrine in front of the tomb. There is a stone tablet of "Jin Wengong's Tomb" in the shrine, which dates back to 565,438+0 years. In recent years, a lifelike stone statue of Jin Wengong was carved in front of the mausoleum, which was used for sacrifices in past dynasties. Because of his tyrannical nature and ignorance, Jin Linggong was buried alone in the barren hills in the south of Liucun, Jiangxian County, without sacrifice. In Jiangxian Museum, all kinds of monuments, monuments, stone statues and related cultural relics such as the old capital of Jin Dynasty, the owner of Jiangxian County and the elderly in Jiangxian County are preserved.
Many place names in Jiangxian County can also illustrate this point. The hometown of The Scholars is very close to the carriage city, so it is called Chengnan Village, which is an example. Zhuo Zi ditch, 7 miles east of the carriage, was named after a selfless son, Zhuo Zi, who lived in seclusion here. Xiaoqi Village is the training ground of Wu Qi, the general of Jin State. Nanguanzhuang, named after Jin Wengong's visit here; Wu Bi Village, according to legend, a villager surnamed Wu once gave a piece of jade to Wengong, hence the name. Fan Cun is said to be the former residence of his uncle's son, formerly known as Dashan Village, but later changed his name because he avoided the word "guilty". There are still relics such as the general temple and stone tablets in the village. Jinyu Village, named after Jin Wengong once stationed here; Sword spring, it is said that when Jin Wengong led troops to fight, the soldiers here were hungry and thirsty. Duke Wen hurriedly plunged his sword into the ground, and when he drew his sword, the spring overflowed, so his reputation spread. Dongfeng Village is the fief of A Jin historian Dong Hu; It is said that Sunwang Village is called Zunwang Village because Jin Wengong once held a meeting here to "respect the king and refuse foreign countries". Later, Sun An in the village became an official for Tomb-Sweeping Day. In memory of Tomb-Sweeping Day, he is even more famous today.
Nowadays, as the ancient capital of Jin State, the carriage city has gradually become people's understanding, and more and more scholars and tourists come here to discuss it. The carriage city is becoming a new attraction.