The notional words in classical Chinese as civil servants
From the heart, the voice of the blade. The original meaning: patience, tolerance) is the same as the original meaning [endure; Endure] endure, you can also.
-"Shuo Wen" bears the burden of humiliation. -"Guangya" is acceptable.
-"The Analects of Confucius Eight Practices". Uncle Huang: "Be patient, be patient."
I don't know the rest. -"Zhuangzi Qin Wang" My son endures it.
-"Zuo Zhuan Cheng Gong Two Years" If you can't bear it, you will make great plans. -"The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong" forbear private morality and follow the right path.
-"Lu Chunqiu Going Private" So, I am sad for you. -Lin Qingjuemin's Book with Wife is another example: endure things (patiently face all kinds of things); Tolerance (forbearance); Patience (patience and obedience; Patience and obedience); Bear obedience (obedience); Endure humiliation (humiliation); Suffer humiliation (bullying by others); Endure pollution (tolerance); Endure ugliness (humiliation); Endure humiliation (humiliation); Suffer from pain (endure pain) inhibition; Restraint [restraint; Hold back; Restrain selfishness and make it public.
-"Xunzi Confucianism" So be patient, Yico Zeng can't. -Mencius is another example: forbearance (restraint of temperament); Forbearance (suppressing appetite); Endure feelings (suppress feelings); Forbearance (hesitation); Endure evil (temper); Hold back your tears (hold back your tears and don't let them flow out); Laughing (refraining from laughing) is voluntary; Willing to give up [willing to].
-"Historical Records Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" is another example: tolerate crumbs (willing to care) and "recognize". Recognition [recognition; [Debate] The husband country is suspected, and the second son and the third son are not allowed to be old ministers.
-Part-of-speech changes of surnames in Guanzi Dakuang. Fifty-one kinds of firmness and tenacity are cruel; Have this heart; Vichy the cruel endured it. -"Poetry, Xiaoya, Xiaoyan" The king could not bear it.
-"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" is another example: forbearance (cruel and harsh); Endure others (cruel people); Forbearance (jealousy); Endure poison (cruel and vicious); Bear cruelty (cruelty); Endure rebellion (cruel madness); Suffer injury (killing); Endure cold (cruel and tyrannical); Endure (cruel and fierce); How to endure violence (cruelty); [How] But painting meat, he didn't paint bones, so even the best were deprived of their spirit! -Du Fu's "Dan Qing presents General Cao Ba" rén 1. Wang Mang's title of female crown in Han Dynasty. Used to address the princess [the aristocratic rank of ancient women].
-"Wang Han Mangzhuan" 2. A kind of music of ancient southern minorities in China [an ancient music of southern minorities] is also Naman's joy. -"The Book of Rites" 3. Last name.
See "Ren surname" and "Ren". Inhumane, cunning and deceptive; It is difficult to be flattering [clever] Dunde to allow Yuan.
-"Shu Shun Dian" Kong Ren can't do it. -"The Book of the Later Han Dynasty Returning to the Cloud" is another example.
People with bad conduct) rèn 1. From people, Ren (rén) sounds.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions glyph. Ren is Ren's first article.
Any is an upright shape that bears a heavy burden. Original meaning: carrying a load; Dutch; Shoulder) and the original meaning [carrying on a pole; A sad soul is a stone.
-Guo Pu's Fu Jiang is either negative or negative. -"Poetry, Elegance and Living".
Note: "Ren, I still have it." Bear the burden.
-"Mandarin Qi Yu". Note: "Ren, Bao Ye."
Be a burden to others. -"Mandarin Qi Yu".
Attention; "I still have it." Ren Zhongshi's interests.
-"Songs of the South, Sadness Returning to the Empty" is another example: the stone man (negative stone. Negative with heavy stones); Any car (a car carrying goods); Any negative value (load, bearing) 2. Comparable; Bear; It is forbidden to suffer from [bear's] diseases.
-"Biography of Historical Records and Leitian" was seriously ill and refused to be a basket case. -"The History of the Later Han Dynasty Ding Hongchuan" meets for no reason, which is not just a yearning.
-Wang Song Anshi's "Answering Sima Zhi's Suggestion", deputy viceroy Stevie, generously let go. -Qingquan Wang Zu's "Meihualing" is another example: accept (bear, endure); Suffering (suffering, taking the blame); Have served (bear the fault); Ren Kan (forbear, forbid) 3. Recommend; Guarantee [guarantee] if the state allows it, forgive it.
-"Zhou Li big Stuart" heavy and angry. -"Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong fifteen years".
Note: "That night." Another example is: leaving the job (released on bail); Appointment (guarantee) 4. Assign sb. to a position. To a position] as a country.
-"Li Zhoufu" has nine posts for the people. Another example is Ren Liang (appointing talents); Ren Xian (a person with both ability and political integrity); Ren neng (entrusting talented people); Take advantage of the trend; New factory director; As an official (appointed office); Ren Chen (entrusted minister); Send (appointment; Entrusted) 5. Keep one's promise; Believe; Trust [believe] and protect it. -"Shuowen" is angry with Ren Xia.
-"Historical Records Biography of Ji Bu and Luan Bu" I have the right to let my son live and also have the right to let him die. -Wang Ren, The Pipe, Big Chui.
-"Historical Records, Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" is another example: Shu Ren (Trust); Trust; Do whatever you want (trust and value) 6. Let [allow] have no intention of fighting for spring, and everyone is jealous. -Lu You's "Yongmei" doesn't care whether to stay or not.
-Tao Jin Yuanming's "Gui Xi Ci" may not be what I want. -"Yutai Xinyi Ancient Poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's Wife" is another example: Ren Xing (willful; By interest); Grab at will (choose at will; Feel free to take it); Defamation and efforts (efforts and complaints; Not afraid of being vilified by others, having fun in bitterness); Let things go wrong; Arbitrary); Place an order (let it go, let it go); Appointment (at will, at will); Ren Zhen (let nature take its course); 7. Indulge [indudge] It is good to give up the law and do what the people do, so there are many traitors.
-"Shang Jun Shu Weak People" makes feelings return to the Tao, and efforts are nothing. -"Qi Yao Min Shu Zhi Gu" feels arbitrary. I went to the bamboo forest with my uncle, and all polite people in the world laughed at what they did.
-"Jin Shu Ruan Xian Chuan" gives another example: Ren Da (willful indulgence, not bound by etiquette) 8. Use [use] to accumulate benevolence for the people. -"Zhou Li Li Si" is another example: Ren Li (with the power of the people); Any number (use of power and conspiracy); Ren (using authority; Usage policy); Be in charge of [in charge of]
Such as: holding (presiding; Maintenance); Ren Zheng (ruling); Appointment (Resident Director) 10. Pregnant. Later, it was called "Huai" [being pregnant] and the empress dowager was made king.
-At the beginning of "Da Dai Bao Li Fu", Qin Li was in charge. —。
2. Classical Chinese notional words
(1) (pictophonetic characters. From Chu to Yu. Original meaning: meet, meet unexpectedly)
(2) the same meaning [satisfaction; Encounter]
Meet, meet also. -"Shuo Wen"
Meet god on the path. -"Yi Wei". Cui Note: "If you meet someone who is not comfortable, you will meet unexpectedly."
I met you, Duff, and you. -"Preface to Books"
The princes met before they met. -"Book of Rites Quli"
After this road, I met my husband. -The Analects of Confucius
Xia, Gong and Song met in Qing Dynasty; Who will meet? I didn't expect that. -"Biography of the Ram"
(3) Another example: meeting in court (meeting with parents); Meet a bad guy (referring to a woman marrying a bad husband); Make corrections when there is a vacancy (you may be replaced by an official when the position is vacant)
(4) suffering [suffering; Continuous]
It's hard to meet people. -"Poetry Feng Wei, Zhong Gu You Heng"
(5) once again
Meet people's misfortune.
If it rains, it will be overdue. -"Historical Records Chen She Family"
(6) Another example is: Eritrea (disaster); Get sick (sick); Suffer slander (be framed by slander); Be condemned (condemned); Be killed (in a disaster); Be slandered (slandered); In case of chaos (war)
(7) Be kind to each other [be kind; Entertain]
It's an honor to meet you. -"On a Wide Rest"
The son met the priest. -"Historical Records Biography of Wei Gongzi"
(8) Another example: cold reception (cold treatment); Politeness (respectful and courteous treatment); preferential treatment
(9) resistance; Deal with [face]
It's useless to satisfy others' advantages with my shortcomings. -"Xunzi Outline"
(10) Another example: encounter the enemy (resist the enemy; Deal with the enemy)
(1 1) encounter; Join hands [meet and get along well]
Why don't you meet me? -"The Warring States Policy and the Qin Policy". Note: "Ye He."
It is better to be a good official than to meet anyone. -Preface to Biography of Historical Records.
(12) contact person [contact person; Touch]
At this time, I met God, not my eyes. -"Zhuangzi Health Master"
Wood will fall off when it touches. -Ouyang Xiu's Ode to Autumn Sound
3. 120 Classical Chinese Content Words in the College Entrance Examination Center-120 Collection of Classical Chinese Content Words 1, Love Wu Guangsu's lover (love, benefit) his parents' beloved son, then "touch" (love) his son and choose a teacher to teach "teacher" (love) Qin Aishe. Stealing the touch of love (pity), the princes dare not form an alliance and seek to weaken Qin, but they don't love treasure or fertile land. The people all love the King of Qi, but I know that the King of Qi loves Qi (unkind) but I can't see it, scratching my head. Jing female (through "qi", hidden) 2. Those who are peaceful know how to provide food and clothing for others, and those who dare to specialize in Cao Cao (enjoy and feel at ease). Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking people? Those who will never be seen with honest faces will think of national security, and they will accumulate their moral meaning "advice" (stability, stability). Jun 'an and Xiang Bo have a reason. (where) 3. Later burned by later generations (applied to and added to ..., extended to suffering), Wen Tianxiang was imprisoned in Wupoling (preposition, passive) and was released to sing (through "wearing"). The general was firmly decided by Chen (through Wear). * * * Don't double (betray). I hope Boquan can't be virtuous. Also, Hong (violation) 5. The book is in the south of Jizhou. Foolish (adverb, original) is the way of ink, and universal love is the foundation (fundamental, basic). If two or three copies are printed, it is not for simple "living" (quantifiers, books). 6. I will be humble and filial. There are two monks in Shu, Wei. Uncle ordered Wei in the west and Wei in the north. Zheng Boke is in Yan (border). Carnivores are contemptuous and fail to make a far-reaching plan (shallow) -The first emperor didn't regard Wei (with low status) as a humble monk in Shu. Yueguo is far away. Soldiers command the "trust" of the army out of "touching" (the army). 8. The disease of the sick king is in the stomach (disease). The gentleman is incompetent, and the patient doesn't know (worry, worry) to buy 300 pots. Sick people don't serve us, but they have been sick for a long time. Understand) micro-examine the letter of the son (examine) or personally examine the bow (white appearance). Prior to this, the satrap, the courtier, (inspection and recommendation), 10, and then the court went to the court to see Zou (imperial court). The third call aggravated him with state affairs, and devoted his heart to two generations (the dynasty) and did not listen to the court (political affairs). Yue (morning), full of weather, can slander Zou (imperial court) in the city dynasty, just as every dynasty often claims to be sick (going to court) 1 1, and Zeng Zengyi can't "fool" (by "adding"). We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? Not a widow or a weak child. Almost) self-sufficient. I don't know that I am old (blue) (unexpected) 12. I can use my weakness to reach the city and the other side of the cliff, in order to restore Feng Wei's customs protection (boarding) 13.
I know (indeed) this. Although it is a common phenomenon, I don't cry for a day, as the saying goes, heaven and man are unpredictable and immortals are difficult to understand. This sacrifice is also sincere. If you can see what you want, you can think and be satisfied. If you like, you can say that you are intellectually lonely and died of defeat, and you have to "six". This is a special imperial edict (repair and arrangement) and can be titled Sacrifice (sincere intention) 14, except for sweeping the court (steps), that is, removing the ruins of Wei Yan's abandoned shrine for burial. Thanks to the kindness of the country, I paid tribute to Minister Langzhong and removed Minister Chen (appointed office) 65438. It is an "honest" (apology) that is politely declined. Its words are slight, its will is clean, and its words (words) want to add crimes, but its words are not (excuses, words). Nowadays, man is a knife and I am a fish. Why do you say "Hong" (farewell)? A wolf is still merciless from the wolf (below), the people follow Cao (below), and Wang Yixing forgives Lian (below) for not saying anything later (preposition, reason), so he broke up and lost, fighting for territory and bribing (after "vertical"). Pei Gong came to see Wang from more than a hundred riding days (making ... follow) 17, almost the same. There are many battles (dangers), so the ancients severely punished doctors. This is also the reason for the danger. This newspaper (probably I'm afraid) farmers are in danger and the land is barren (through "laziness" and slacking off) 18, when the window is closed (right, right), it is expected that the foot soldiers of the king will be enough to be the king of Xiang (resistance, resistance).
4. Verb words in classical Chinese: Chibi Fu (1) universal words 1. Holding wine is a guest, respect it with respect (belonging, tell it to persuade it to drink) 2. The wind is as strong (Feng told him to ride over) 3. Mountains and rivers are connected (Miao, call him hyun). Cry, make ... cry) 3. Sitting in a dangerous position (active, moving and tidying up) 4. There are few stars in the moon, and black magpies fly south (south, masterpiece south) 5. Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east (west, east, famous west, east) 6. Break Jingzhou, go down to Jiangling and go downstream to the east. Catch fish and chop wood) 8. Couples fish and shrimp make friends with elk (lovers and friends: using one of 24 solar terms) 2. Ling Wanqing's blankly (ancient meaning: mighty and distant; Today's meaning: I don't know at all) (4) The word is polysemous 1. Hope: Hope in July (noun, 15th day of each month in the lunar calendar) Looking at the beautiful paradise (verb overlooking, looking into the distance) 2. Song: Sing (sing) while holding the ship's side (lyrics) and combine with the song (sing) 3. For example, reeds are as huge as the wind (image) and as independent as relics (image) 4. However, its voice is as loud as a whistle (……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5. Length: Hold the bright moon forever (forever), and the death will not last long (grow). 6. Yu: Perilla and the guests rowed under (today) Chibi, and lingered on (today) Dongshan for bullfighting (today). People who are not trapped by Meng De are (being) entrusted to ask in hentai (giving) that when you are sitting in danger (indicating decoration), friends of fish, shrimp and elk (indicating juxtaposition), the deceased will go unpaid (indicating turning point). 8. One of them: Ling's vacancy (auxiliary word, the marker word after the attribute) is buckled on the side, while Song (syllable auxiliary word) relies on Song to make it sad (pronoun, not "Song"). What is it (pronoun, meaning flute) that breaks Jingzhou (pronoun, meaning) ⑤ Special sentence 1. Perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff (prepositional phrase postposition) 2. Wandering between bullfights (prepositional phrase postposition) 3. What is its nature (prepositional object)? It's safe now.
(judgment) 9. Loyal to the chest (subject inversion) 3. Idiom 1. A drop in the ocean: a grain in the sea, described as very small. 2. Sitting in danger: straighten your clothes, sit up straight, and describe a serious or formal appearance.
3. world independence: divorced from society, living alone and not interacting with others. 4. unbroken: connected like a thin thread, almost broken.
Often used to describe a critical situation or a long, subtle sound. 5. Messy cups and plates: Describe the mess on the table after the banquet.
Fourth, other keywords look forward to July (the sixteenth day of the first lunar month). The Millennium is like a reed across the river. Ling's blankly (crossing) is as vast as Feng's wind (vast: vast, far away; Feng Xu: Flying in the air, out of thin air) misty (distant appearance) and relying on songs (leaning: following, relying on; Harmony: chorus) The lingering sound is like a wisp (curl: describing the long and smooth sound, wisp: filament). Sitting in danger (standing) can only break Jingzhou (square, pawn). Also (originally) mourn the moment (moment) in my life. I can't suddenly know it (suddenly: suddenly; It's easy to get it in an instant), then heaven and earth can't get it in an instant (once: unexpectedly, even ...; The blink of an eye means that time is short. I have dinner with my son (also called "comfort"). "Journey to the West Night Banquet" is synonymous with killing (collecting) people, and dreams are also very interesting. It is a long journey from hotel to hotel, and it is a vast journey with different meanings from ancient times to the present. This is a long journey without a purpose, which means (time, place, etc. ) it's endless at will.
If you wear it, you can put it on the grass and sit on your back, or you can put it on your shoulders. If anyone thinks that the mountains and rivers in the whole state are abnormal, who owns this and knows that it is a specialty of mountains, then take it later, and then you will be drunk and listless, and start swimming from the beginning. Facing the soil, the soil territory of several States, the soil beyond the sky and the soil beyond the sky look like one or two words, and the intersection horizon is vague. Therefore, conjunctions are used to show that if Japan and its disciples go up the mountain to pronoun their own, my superior pronouns, those who think that the mountains and rivers in various States have different structural auxiliary words, then they know that they are unique structural auxiliary words, pronouns with different meanings, and structural auxiliary words refer to Xishan. This is a long journey swimming conjunction, indicating that it is modified ... On the ground, it will sit on the grass and pour the pot drunk, indicating that it will take over and then don't know the strange conjunction of Xishan, but indicating that the turning point is the height of the poor mountain, and stop the conjunction. The verb that means "take over" is to write an ambitious preposition, which means that the purpose of writing is to get drunk, and the modification is equivalent to "er" ... The meaning of writing an article with ambition is equivalent to "er", and the speech that is drunk with N-V is mostly lying on the pillow, while MengMeng is dreaming, so write an article with ambition in N-shape. When you are poor, you will come to the end of your life ... adj-n There are mountains and water far away, white and blue, white mountains and white water are pale and dusk, from far to far, adj- means that V begins to refer to differences, adopts ... differences, and thinks that ... pour wine into a pot, make it drunk, and then pour everything out.
5. It is meaningful to sort out the meanings of notional words and function words in classical Chinese 136 notional words 15 notional words, which can be used as sentence components alone. Generally speaking, notional words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers and pronouns. There are a large number of notional words in classical Chinese, and mastering more notional words in classical Chinese is to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. Special attention should be paid to its three main grammatical features: first, polysemy; second, the ancient and modern changes in the meaning of words; and third, the flexible use of parts of speech. Function words have no practical meaning, so they can't be used as sentence components and can't answer questions alone. (A few adverbs such as "no", "may" and "no" can answer the question alone), and they can only make sentences with content words. Function words include adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and interjections. Although function words in classical Chinese only account for a small part of the whole vocabulary, their grammatical functions are great. Many sentence patterns in classical Chinese are marked by function words, such as the judgment sentence "zhe ye" and the passive sentence "wei". Suo "and other function words are frequently used in classical Chinese. In addition, its interpretation is quite flexible. The main commonly used function words are: knowledge, strangeness, Yu, Yi, Er, Ze, Nai, If, He, Zhe, Wei, Ran, Yes, Ben, Si, Bi, He, An, Zhe, Hu, Di, Although, However, Ran, Ran.