Complete detailed information on Makassar Strait

Makassar Strait, a strait in the middle of the Indonesian archipelago. It is located between the two islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi (117 degrees 30 minutes east longitude and 2 degrees 0 minutes south latitude), connected to the Sulawesi Sea to the north and the Java Sea and Flores Sea to the south. It is an important route from the South China Sea, the Philippines to Australia, and the most important waterway for US warships traveling to and from the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean. It is about 800 kilometers long, generally 250 kilometers wide, and has an average water depth of 967 meters.

Makassar Strait, Selat Makasar in Indonesian.

A strait in the middle of the Indonesian archipelago. It is located between the two islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi (117 degrees 30 minutes east longitude and 2 degrees 0 minutes south latitude), connected to the Sulawesi Sea to the north and the Java Sea and Flores Sea to the south. It is not only an important route from the South China Sea, the Philippines to Australia, but also the most important waterway for US warships traveling between the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean. It is about 800 kilometers long, generally 250 kilometers wide, and has an average water depth of 967 meters. There are many coral reefs in the gorge. Ujong Pandang on the east coast is an excellent commercial port and military port. Coastal fisheries are developed. The strait is an important passage between the western Pacific and the northeastern Indian Ocean, and a shortcut for inter-regional offshore routes in Southeast Asia. It is one of the eight straits in the world with important military and economic significance.

Running northeast-southwest, it is 800 kilometers (500 miles) long and 130 to 370 kilometers (80 to 230 miles) wide. It is a deep-water channel with many islands, the largest of which are Laut Island and Sebuku Island. The main settlement on the Borneo side of the strait is Balikpapan, and the largest settlement on the Celebes side is Ujung Pantang (formerly known as Makassar). During World War II, the American and Dutch forces fought here with the Japanese Navy in January 1942. Basic introduction Chinese name: Makassar Strait Foreign name: Makassar Strait Geographical location: Located between the two islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi (117 degrees 30 minutes east longitude, 2 degrees 0 minutes south latitude) Average water depth: 967 meters long : 800 kilometers wide: 130 to 370 kilometers geographical location, strategic position, economic role, military role, Java War, cross-strait, neighboring countries, shipping routes, Strait piracy, tourism resources, geographical location, central and western Pacific connection Celebes Sea and narrow waterway of the Java Sea. Located between the Indonesian islands of Celebes (east) and Borneo (west). It runs northeast-southwest, 800 kilometers (500 miles) long and 130-370 kilometers (80-230 miles) wide. The main settlement on the Borneo side of the strait is Balikpapan, and the largest settlement on the Celebes side is Ujung Pandang (formerly known as Makassar). The strategic position of the Makassar Strait The Makassar Strait is an important intercontinental sea lane between Asia and Europe. It is an important route from the South China Sea, the Philippines to Australia, and a shortcut for inter-regional routes in Southeast Asia. It is an important military and economic link in the world. One of the eight straits of significance. It is connected to the Lombok Strait and has become a strategic channel connecting the western Pacific and the northeastern Indian Ocean. Ships from the United States, Russia, Japan, and other countries often travel between the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the Makassar Strait and the Lombok Strait. During World War II, in order to compete for control of the strait, the Japanese Combined Fleet and the Allies fought in the Makassar Strait in the world-famous Battle of Makassar in January 1942. The Makassar Strait plays an important role in maritime transportation, and is also of great value to the navy's use of the strait for north-south maneuvers and mutual support of the two oceans' forces. Therefore, they have always been maritime arteries that are fiercely contested and controlled by various countries. Economic role The world economy in the 21st century is a globalized economy. 90% of world trade transportation is realized by sea transportation. Although land transportation and air transportation will also grow rapidly, it is predicted that by 2010, the tonnage of international shipping containers It will also double. The Indonesian archipelago, which stretches between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, consists of 13,667 islands of various sizes. The dotted islands form a criss-crossing water channel and occupy a very important strategic position in the world's maritime traffic pattern. The most famous among them are the Makassar Strait, the Lombok Strait and the Sunda Strait. These three straits are the maritime chokepoints that pass through the Indonesian archipelago and connect the two oceans.

The military role of the Makassar Strait: Malacca Strait, Makassar Strait, Sunda Strait, Korean Strait, Suez Canal, Bab el Mandeb Strait, Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Gibraltar, Skagerrak, Kattegat, The 16 straits including the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom Strait, Panama Canal, Florida Strait, Gulf of Alaska, south of Africa and North American shipping lanes are because of these straits, which are intercontinental straits in economically developed areas, straits that communicate with the ocean, and straits that are the only channels. and straits on major routes. They are choke points for maritime traffic. They can control the navigation of ships and shorten maritime navigation. They have very important political, economic and military significance, and occupy an extremely important position in global strategy. Makassar Strait The Makassar Strait is located between the islands of Sulawesi and Kalimantan in the Indonesian archipelago. It is connected to the Sulawesi Sea in the north and the Java Sea and Flores Sea in the south. It is 740 kilometers long and 120-407 kilometers wide. Most of the water depth is 50-2458 meters, with an average depth of 967 meters. The Makassar Strait is an important intercontinental sea lane between Asia and Europe and a shortcut for inter-regional routes in Southeast Asia. It is connected to the Lombok Strait and has become a strategic channel connecting the western Pacific and the northeastern Indian Ocean. Ships from the United States, Russia, Japan and other countries often travel between the Pacific and Indian Oceans via the Makassar Strait and the Lombok Strait. During World War II, in order to compete for control of the strait, the Japanese Combined Fleet and the Allied Forces fought here in the world-famous Battle of Makassar. The Makassar Strait, Lombok Strait and Sunda Strait not only play an important role in maritime transportation, but are also of great value to the navy's use of the straits for north-south maneuvers and mutual support of the two oceans' forces. Therefore, they have always been maritime arteries that are fiercely contested and controlled by various countries. The Battle of Java In January 1942, the invading Japanese army attacked the Dutch East Indies from the east, north and west. At dawn on January 10, the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), a geomantic treasure called a "ringed emerald" by the 19th-century writer Edward Duwees Dekker, showed an ominous sign. Japan has long coveted the Dutch East Indies because it is located between the Asian and Australian continents and the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is the choke point for controlling maritime traffic between the two continents and two oceans. Japan can find the natural resources they need here, especially the oil they urgently need for the war. In this battle, the Japanese captured about 80,000 Dutch, Indian and American and Australian troops, seized 177 aircraft, seized 1.7 million tons of oil, and obtained oil field facilities that were not seriously damaged, providing much-needed oil for their strategic offensive. During the Indonesian invasion, there were also the Battle of Makassar, the Battle of Batang and the Battle of Java. The Allies lost 5 cruisers and 7 destroyers. The Japanese only had 4 transport ships, 1 minesweeper and 1 patrol boat. Shen. Cross-Strait Ujung Pandeng Port on the East Coast Ujum Pandeng (UJUMG PANDENG) is the capital of South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. The old name is "Makassar", and the Chinese call it "Xijiang" for short. Population 709,000 (1980). Located at the southwest end of Sulawesi Island, it overlooks the throat of the Kasai Strait, the Flores Sea and the Java Sea. It is halfway between the capital Jakarta and the eastern islands, and is the transportation hub between Asia and Australia. It is 328 nautical miles from Banyan Port, 440 nautical miles from Surabaya Port, 596 nautical miles from Semarang Port, and 775 nautical miles from Jakarta. The port area stretches north and south along the coast, protected by small islands and breakwaters. To the south is the Hata Pier, which is 475 meters long and has a low-tide water depth of 9.5 meters. There are five warehouses on the wharf, each with an area of ​​3,400 square meters. To the north is the Suga Pier, which is 1,370 meters long and has a low-tide water depth of 8.5-9.5 meters along the edge. The total length of the harbor line is more than 1,840 meters and there are more than 10 deep-water berths. In addition to the north and south piers, there are 14 mooring buoys lined up. The inner anchorage is 11 meters deep at low tide and can be used for anchoring. Ujung Pandang Port is also one of the four Indonesian seaports open to China. The largest port, trade center and aviation hub in eastern Indonesia. There are many small islands outside the harbor and a long embankment; the water inside the harbor is deep and the equipment is excellent. It can accommodate 10,000-ton sea vessels. It is an excellent commercial port and military port. In addition to the main island of Sulawesi, the cargo distribution range reaches Lesser Sunda and Malu Ancient Islands. There are food, textile, leather, printing, shipbuilding and other industries in the city. There are a wide variety of products, and the daily necessities woven with raw materials such as rattan, palm and horsehair are exquisite and well-known. There are good roads connecting the island and air routes with Jakarta, Surabaya, Manado, Ambon and Kupang.

There are modern residences and hotels in the city, as well as 17th-century Dutch architecture and Hassanuddin University. The limestone caves in nearby Maros County contain stone tools, murals and biological fossils dating back 5,000 years, and have been designated as Leon Leon Prehistoric Park. West Coast Balikpapan Port Balikpapan is located on the eastern coast of Kalimantan, Indonesia, on the west side of the Makassar Strait, 387 nautical miles from Tarakan Port to the north, 563 nautical miles from Sandakan Port to the southeast. It is 302 nautical miles from Ujong Pandang Port, 322 nautical miles from Banyan Port to the southwest, 764 nautical miles from Tanjong Priok Port, and 1,052 nautical miles from Singapore Port. It is an oil export port in the southeast of Kalimantan Island. There are offshore oil fields nearby. The port is about 8km from the airport. The port has a tropical rainforest climate with prevailing northerly winds and an average annual temperature of 29 to 32°C. There are 4 days of fog and 32 days of thunderstorms every year. The average rainfall throughout the year is more than 3000mm. This harbor is a semi-diurnal tidal harbor with an average tidal range of 1.5m. Latitude and longitude: 01°16'S, 116°48'E. Balikpapan is an Indonesian city. On the east coast of Kalimantan, it is bounded by Balikpapan Bay to the west and Makassar Strait to the east. Population 280,000 (1980). The oil production center of East Kalimantan emerged at the end of the 19th century. It has refineries and exports oil and its products. It has oil pipeline connections with the Tanjong and Bekasa oil fields in the north and south. There are 12 main terminal berths in Balikpapan Port Area, with a coastline of 2159m and a maximum water depth of 12m. Among them, 10 are oil berths and can accommodate oil tankers with a capacity of 35,000 tons. The loading and unloading equipment includes various shore cranes and tugboats. The maximum lifting capacity of the shore crane is 25 tons, the tugboat power is 1765kW, and there are oil pipelines with a diameter of 152.4 to 254 mm for loading and unloading oil. The warehouse has a storage capacity of 85,000 tons. Loading and unloading efficiency: 1,000 tons of crude oil per hour, 500 tons of aviation oil per hour, 1,200 tons of naphtha per hour, and 800 tons of kerosene per hour. In addition to crude oil and oil products, the main export goods include wood, crude paraffin, rattan, scrap iron, etc. The main imported goods include rice, cement, machinery, cloth, iron, glassware, flour, etc. Neighboring countries The Makassar Strait is located in the middle of the Indonesian archipelago. The Republic of Indonesia, with an area of ​​1,904,443 square kilometers and a population of 215 million (data from the Indonesian National Bureau of Statistics in 2004), is the fourth most populous country in the world. There are more than 100 ethnic groups, including 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% Malay, and 26% others. There are more than 200 national languages, and the official language is Indonesian. About 87% of the population believes in Islam, making it the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. 6.1% of the population believes in Protestant Christianity, 3.6% believes in Catholicism, and the rest believes in Hinduism, Buddhism, and primitive fetishism. Makassar Strait The Republic of Indonesia is located in southeastern Asia, straddling the equator. It borders Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia; it faces Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Australia and other countries across the sea. It is the largest archipelagic country in the world, consisting of 17,508 large and small islands between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, of which about 6,000 are inhabited. The coastline is 54,716 kilometers long, the territorial sea width is 12 nautical miles, and the exclusive economic zone is 200 nautical miles (World Bank data). Tropical rainforest climate, with an average annual temperature of 25-27°C. The capital is Jakarta (JAKARTA), with a population of 8.385 million (2000 census data). Important festivals include the Islamic Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha; National Awakening Day on May 20 (to commemorate the establishment of the Indonesian national movement organization "Zhishanshe" in 1908); and Independence Day on August 17. Shipping routes The Makassar Strait involves two important routes: Far East-Australia route The route from China and Japan to the west coast of Australia needs to enter the Indian Ocean through the Mindoro Strait, Makassar Strait and Lombok Strait. Persian Gulf-Southeast Asia-Japan route This route is mainly used for oil transportation, and many of them are transit transportation of bulk cargo. The route passes eastward through the Strait of Malacca (available for ships with a deadweight of less than 200,000 tons) or the Lombok and Makassar Straits (available for supertankers with a deadweight of more than 200,000 tons) to Japan. Strait Piracy The Makassar Strait is one of the important passages from Asia to Australia with complex terrain. In recent years, the Strait, including the Java Sea in front of the Strait, has become one of the areas where international piracy is rampant. Passing merchant ships have been robbed and crew members have been injured. incidents happen from time to time.

A captain who has many years of maritime navigation experience and has passed through this area several times said that there are two main types of pirates in the Makassar Strait and more than a dozen gangs. One type is the well-organized professional pirates, who have formed a gang with a clear division of labor. They generally possess high-tech criminal tools and pose a major threat to the safety of maritime navigation. They have attracted great attention from countries around the world. In recent years, their power has been increasingly weakened by the concerted efforts of all parties concerned. The second type of pirates are usually fishermen on the islands near the strait. They work as civilians on weekdays and become bandits at night. Whenever a ship passes through the "combat radius" of their motorized boats, they will drive motorboats and climb onto the decks of large ships at night to commit petty thefts. Once discovered, He jumped into the sea and escaped, and many merchant ships were disturbed. Tourism Resources Charming City - Makassar, Indonesia. Geography: Located on the southwest coast of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia (full name: THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA), close to the entrance to the southern end of the east side of the MAKASSAR Strait, it is one of the main ports in Indonesia. one. The port is located on the main transportation route between Asia and Australia and has an important geographical location. It is also the distribution center for domestic and foreign trade in the northeastern region of Indonesia. The main industries include textiles, spices, canned fish and agricultural product processing. The port is about 20km from the airport, and there are regular flights to Jakarta, Surabaya and other places every day. The port has a tropical rainforest climate with prevailing easterly winds. The annual average temperature is as high as 30℃ and as low as 22℃. The average rainfall throughout the year is about 2000mm. It is a daily tidal port with an average tidal range of 0.7m. There are islands and beautiful hillsides nearby where you can relax and recuperate. The pier and airport in Ujung Pandang have gradually developed into an important link connecting eastern and western Indonesia. Most tourists pass here to get to Tana Toraja, but more and more people like to spend time here. Makassar Strait History: Makassar (Makassar) was changed to Ujung Pantang in 1971. It is said that there are many coconut trees called Pantang here. According to legend, about 1,000 years ago, the Makassar people migrated from the islands in western Indonesia and the Indochina Peninsula. An early feudal state was established in the 15th century and had trade relations with China. It came under Dutch colonial rule after 1607 and continued to fight against it. In 1945, it won national independence together with the people of all ethnic groups in the country. A village of Makassar people consists of 20 to 40 households. Housing is mostly thatched huts on stilts. There are limestone caves in nearby Maros County, with stone tools, murals and biological fossils dating back 5,000 years. They have been designated as Leon Leon Prehistoric Park.