The Social Culture of Wenyuhe River
Huluchuan basin in the upper reaches is a metamorphic rock area with steep peaks, and the forestland area accounts for 90% of the basin area, basically maintaining the original forest appearance, with less cultivated land in Sichuan.
There are four rivers with V-shaped or U-shaped channels. Gravels and pebbles are mainly distributed in rivers, with boulders in between. The riverbed is basically stable and the water flow is smooth. Outside the flood season, the river is clear, flash floods occur, sediment falls, and the river becomes turbid.
Xiyechuan, called Xiyehe in ancient times, is a limestone area with towering peaks, gentle peaks, deep valleys, karst development and many spring outcrops, but the flow is very small. There are many mines in this area, which are seriously polluted. Between Chakou Village and Baiyekou Village in central and western Sichuan, cliffs stand tall, and the river course is narrow with granite basement. This is the planned dam site of Baiyekou Reservoir. The total length of the main rivers in central and western Sichuan is about 94 kilometers, and the drainage area is 1.876 square kilometers. Enter the tail of Wenyuhe Reservoir near Yukou.
Wenyu River, centered on Wenyu River Reservoir in the middle and lower reaches, is bordered by mountains with different widths in the north and south, and belongs to the hilly plateau area in the middle and lower reaches. The climate is mild and the four seasons are distinct. There are not only rich mineral resources such as coal, aluminum, iron, asbestos and marble, but also suitable for the growth of fresh fruit economic forests such as walnuts, grapes and persimmons.
Wenshui county has a long history of river irrigation. In the third year of Tang Wude (620), water was diverted south to Fenzhou. In the second year of Kaiyuan (7 14), four canals, such as Ganquan, were dug to irrigate hundreds of hectares of farmland in Kaizha Town of Wenshui County and Guangxing Village of Jiaocheng County. In the 13th year of Jintianhui (1 135), the citizens of Wenshui County dug a regular barnyard canal on the south bank of Wenyu River to irrigate 64 hectares of farmland in Beixu, Nanxu, Zhongshe, Songerzhuang and Fanerzhuang. In Yuan Dynasty, Ganquan Canal in Wenshui County extended to Xishihou Village in Jiaocheng County, further expanding the irrigation area. Up to now, Ganquan ancient canal still exists, and it is one of the oldest preserved ancient canals in Fenhe River Basin. Tomorrow, in the fifth year (1625), the Yonglai Canal (later changed to Yongtian Canal) will be dug 20 miles west of Wenshui County, and the stone will be cut through the stream to irrigate dozens of hectares.
"Water Classic Note" records: "Wenshui is located in the south of the old town of Jingzhi County (now east of Gongcun, sanquan town, Fenyang County) as Huwen Lake, which is fifteen miles from east to west and thirty miles from north to south. It is known as the West Lake in the world and ten miles east of the county; On the west side of the lake, there is also a city near the lake called Zhucheng (there is Zhucheng Village about 5 kilometers southeast of the county). It can be seen that in the Northern Wei Dynasty, today, to the east of Fenyang is a great lake in Fiona Fang, which is nearly a hundred miles, that is, Guwen Lake. According to historical records, Hu Wen Lake was named Xi and Long in the Song Dynasty, forty miles in the first year of Xi Ning (1068) and Hu Wen Long in the Jin Dynasty, which was deep in the first year of Dading (1 1). During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Huwen Lake was called "Reservoir City" and had no water storage function. Since then, the lake has dried up and gradually changed from a depression to a cultivated land. Fenyang County is a developed place of industrial and agricultural economy in Lvliang. The territory is rich in coal and iron ore resources, and is rich in agricultural and sideline products such as pears, walnuts, red dates and persimmons. Xinghua Village Fenjiu is well-known at home and abroad. Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, famously said, "It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to lose their souls. Where can I find a restaurant, and the shepherd boy can point out Xinghua Village?" It refers to Xinghua Village Town on the north bank of Wenyu River in the northeast of Fenyang City 15km. Fenjiu is famous for its "three wonders" of color, fragrance and taste, and won the highest prize in Panama World Expo. Since 1950s, Fenjiu has been rated as a national famous wine for many times and won the gold medal. In addition to the local unique high-quality sorghum and traditional fine production technology, the high-quality guarantee of Fenjiu is mainly the natural well water for brewing, which comes from a deep well known as Shenshui by the world. This well water is sweet, transparent, pure and refreshing.
Guoyi River, a tributary, is located in the south of Fenyang, and flows from top to bottom through rocky mountain areas, loess hilly areas and alluvial plain areas. Loess areas are criss-crossed, with serious soil erosion and dense villages in plain areas. This is a grain and cotton producing area and a key area for flood control.
According to the Notes on Water Classics, Xiaohe was a tributary of Wenyu River since the Northern Wei Dynasty, followed by Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the early Song Dynasty, the middle and lower reaches of Wenyu River were captured by Fenhe River, and the migration of Fenhe River and Wenyu River was impermanent. Wenyu River was transformed into the mouth of Fenhe River in Wenshui or Fenyang, and its downstream river went straight into Fenhe River along the 800-year-old road. Until the thirty-second year of Qing Qianlong (1967), the Fenhe River moved eastward, and Wenyu River took the old road again and entered the Fenhe River in Xiaoyi. The river has become a tributary of Wenyu River.