What idioms are derived from historical stories or celebrity allusions?
I am happy to miss Shu
After the Queen of Shu, Liu Chan, surrendered, Sima Zhao hosted a banquet in honor of him, with Wei music and dance in front of him. The Shu officials were sad, but only the Queen was happy. Sima Zhao ordered the Shu people to pretend to be Shu and was happy to go to the front. All the Shu officials were in tears, but the emperor was laughing and smiling. When the wine was half drunk, Sima Zhao said to Jia Chong: "This is human nature! Even if Zhuge Kongming is here, he can't help him for a long time, let alone Jiang Wei?" Then he asked the emperor, "Do you think about Shu?" "The emperor said: "I am happy here, but I don't think about Shu."
Looking at plum blossoms to quench thirst
Cao Cao led his troops to a place where there was no water. The soldiers were very thirsty. In order to encourage them. To improve morale, Cao Cao said to the soldiers: "There is a large plum forest not far ahead. There are so many plums, sweet and sour. We will eat them to our heart's content." After hearing this, the soldiers all drooled. , no longer cried out for thirst, and the march speed also accelerated.
Returning the Bi to Zhao
In the state of Chu, there was a piece of jade called He's Bi, which was acquired by King Zhao Huiwen. After hearing about it, King Qin Zhao expressed his willingness to exchange 15 cities for He's Bi. King Zhao Huiwen summoned Lin Xiangru, and Lin Xiangru expressed his willingness to take He's Bi to Qin. If Zhao obtained Qin's cities, He's Bi would be left in Qin, otherwise, He's Bi would be returned to Zhao intact. After Lin Xiangru arrived in Qin, he presented He's Bi. King Qin Zhao was very happy, but he had no intention of giving the city to Zhao. Lin Xiangru lied that there was a small flaw in the jade and wanted to show it to King Qin Zhao, and took the jade back. He stood next to the court pillar and said: King Zhao was worried that Qin would rely on its own strength and would have to harmonize the jade without giving it to the city. He only agreed after my persuasion. King Zhao fasted for five days, and then he asked me to come here holding the jade to show respect and respect for the majesty of Qin. Unexpectedly, the king's etiquette is simple and has no sincerity in delivering the city. Now if the king insists on taking away the treasure and jade, I would rather smash my head and the treasure on the pillar. King Zhao of Qin had no choice but to allocate 15 cities to Zhao. Lin Xiangru estimated that King Qin Zhao was just pretending to deal with it, so he asked King Qin Zhao to fast for 5 days and then exchange it seriously. King Qin Zhao had no choice but to agree. Lin Xiangru then sent his entourage to hide He's Bi and secretly returned to the State of Zhao through the trail. After King Qin Zhao finished fasting and held the exchange ceremony, Lin Xiangru told King Qin Zhao about sending He's Bi back to Zhao, thus preserving He's Bi.
Sleeping on fuel and tasting courage
During the Spring and Autumn Period, a war broke out between the State of Wu and the State of Yue. The State of Yue was defeated by the State of Wu, and Gou Jian of the State of Yue was captured by Fu Chai. Later, King Wu Fu Chai released Gou Jian and allowed him to return to the capital of Yue State. Gou Jian hung a piece of gall in the place where he was sitting and lying. He lay on the firewood at night and faced the gall. Taste gall every day with your meals. The general blamed himself: "Have you forgotten the humiliation of Kuaiji's defeat?" In this way, Gou Jian and his colleagues shared the same fate. After ten years of developing production, gathering strength, and ten years of military training, they finally succeeded in the war. In 473 BC, he defeated Fu Cha and destroyed the State of Wu.
Hearing the Chicken and Dancing
When Zu Ti was 24 years old, he served as the chief administrator of Sizhou (governing Luoyang). The chief clerk is a minor official in charge of documents and books. He has a colleague named Liu Kun. Liu Kun is a descendant of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan in the Han Dynasty, and he is also an ambitious young man. The two became good friends because of their congenial spirit. They often talked about current affairs, making achievements, and serving the country. They talked most of the night, so they slept in the same bed with their feet touching each other. One day, they also talked very late. Just after they laid their heads on the pillow, Liu Kun was already snoring like thunder. Zu Ti was dozing off when he suddenly heard the crow of a rooster (the ancients called the rooster that crows before the third watch of the night a crowing of roosters. The crow of a rooster was regarded as the sound of evil and a symbol of the rise of an army.). He suddenly woke up, slammed his foot towards Liu Kun, woke Liu Kun and said, "Listen, listen, isn't this the crow of a wild chicken? I'm afraid the world is going to be in chaos, can we still sleep peacefully?" So he took Pass the two swords and start dancing in the courtyard. Liu Kun rubbed his eyes, thought for a while, and said, "Yes! You should be prepared for danger in times of peace!" He also went to get two swords and started dancing with Zu Ti.
Three visits to the thatched cottage
At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out and the world was in chaos. Cao Cao took control of the court, Sun Quan supported Soochow, and Liu Bei, the shepherd of Yuzhou, the Han clan clan, heard Xu Shu and Sima Hui say that Zhuge Liang was very talented. He was knowledgeable and talented, so he, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei took gifts to Wollongong in Longzhong (today's west of Nanyang City in Henan Province, or southwest of Xiangyang City in Hubei Province) to invite Zhuge Liang to assist him. It happened that Zhuge Liang went out that day, and Liu Bei had to turn back disappointed. Soon, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei braved the heavy snowstorm to invite him for the second time. Unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang went out for a leisurely trip again. Zhang Fei was unwilling to come back, but when he saw that Zhuge Liang was not at home, he urged him to go back.
Liu Bei had no choice but to leave a letter expressing his admiration for Zhuge Liang and asking him to come out to help him save the country's dangerous situation. After some time, Liu Bei went on a vegetarian diet for three days and prepared to invite Zhuge Liang again. Guan Yu said that Zhuge Liang may have a false name but may not have real talent and learning, so there is no need to go. Zhang Fei, on the other hand, insisted that he call him alone. If he didn't come, he would be tied up with a rope. Liu Bei scolded Zhang Fei and visited Zhuge Liang for the third time. By then, Zhuge Liang was sleeping. Liu Bei did not dare to disturb him. He stood there until Zhuge Liang woke up and then sat down to talk to each other.
When Zhuge Liang saw that Liu Bei was determined to do things for the country and sincerely asked for his help, he came out to help Liu Bei establish the Shuhan Dynasty.
The fledgling hut
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei visited the thatched hut three times to invite Zhuge Liang out and worship him as his military advisor. But Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were satisfied with diesel. Not long after, Cao Cao sent General Xiahou Dun to lead an army of 100,000 to attack new areas. Liu Bei approached Zhuge Liang for discussion. Zhuge Liang said, "I am afraid that the generals will not listen to my orders, so I would like to lend my lord's seal sword for use." Liu Bei hurriedly handed the seal sword to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang began to gather his generals. Guan Yu was ordered to lead a thousand men and horses to ambush in Yushan. He spared the enemy's vanguard and attacked quickly when he saw the fire. Zhang Fei led a thousand men and horses to ambush in the valley. After a fire broke out, they attacked Bowang City. Guan Ping and Liu Feng led 500 troops and waited in two groups behind Bowang Slope. As soon as the enemy troops arrived, they immediately set fire to them. He also transferred Zhao Yun from Fancheng to serve as the vanguard, and he was only allowed to lose but not win. Liu Bei brought a thousand troops as backup. Guan Yu couldn't help but asked: "We are all going to fight, what are you doing, sir?" Zhuge Liang said, "I will wait in the city." Zhang Fei laughed and said, "We are all going to fight, sir, you are so free!" Zhuge Liang said, "Sealing the Sword Anyone who disobeys the order will be killed!" Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were speechless and left with a sneer. During the battle, each general acted according to Zhuge Liang's instructions and killed Cao's soldiers so hard that they lost their helmets and armor. Zhuge Liang used his troops for the first time and won a great victory with his clever calculation. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were so impressed that they fell to the ground.
Secretly assassinating Chencang
After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin at the end of Qin, he proclaimed himself the overlord of Western Chu and betrayed the agreement that whoever conquered Xianyang first would be king. Liu Bang was extremely dissatisfied and led his troops into Sichuan. After burning the plank road in Bashu, he was named King of Han. Liu Bang got help from Han Xin and was building the plank road secretly. He secretly detoured and captured Xiang Yu's general Zhang Han, and then took over the Central Plains as king.
A Last Stand
A Last Stand In 204 BC, King Liu Bang of Han sent generals Han Xin and Zhang Er to lead the Han army to attack Zhao. King Xie of Zhao and Chen Yu, the commander-in-chief of Zhao State, led 200,000 troops and horses, gathered at Jingjingkou (now Jingxing Pass on Jingxing Mountain in Hebei Province), and prepared to fight. Li Zuoche, a counselor of Zhao State, suggested to Chen Yu: "Han Xin led his troops this time and fought many victorious battles along the way. He took advantage of the victory and was unstoppable. However, after traveling a long distance, they must have insufficient food and grass, and the soldiers will not be full." The horses are also short of fodder. The mountain road in our Jingxing area is very narrow, so it is difficult for horses and horses to pass through. Therefore, I have an idea. You can dig a deeper trench to cut off his grain carts from the road. Build a high wall and hold on to the camp without engaging them. In this way, they will not be able to fight in front or retreat. We will capture Han Xin in less than ten days." Although Li Zuo's words were reasonable. , but Chen Yu was a nerd and did not listen to his opinion. Instead, he said: "I have read a lot of art of war. The art of war says that if your force is ten times larger than the enemy, you can surround the enemy; if your force is twice as big as the enemy, you can fight with him. The enemy is facing each other. The Han army is said to be tens of thousands, but it is actually only a few thousand. Moreover, our troops are many times more powerful than the Han army. If we avoid fighting today, what will happen? Others will laugh at me for being timid." In this way, Chen Yu did not adopt Li Zuoche's correct opinion. Han Xin was very happy to find out Chen Yu's strategy of not using Li Zuoche. So he stationed his troops 30 miles away from Jingxingkou. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent another 2,000 light cavalry, each carrying a Han army red flag, back to the side and rear of Zhao Camp from the path, and set up an ambush, preparing to attack Zhao Camp. Then, Han Xin sent another 10,000 troops as the vanguard and set up a formation along the river bank. Chen Yu found out that Han Xin's soldiers and horses were arrayed along the river, and laughed loudly and said: "Han Xin has a false reputation! Fighting with your back to the water and leaving no escape route is asking for death!" It was daybreak. Han Xin led the troops behind him, raised the flag, and marched toward Jingxingkou with great fanfare. Zhao Jun immediately met him. After the battle, the Han army pretended to be defeated, abandoned its flags and drums, and retreated to the river bank position. Chen Yu didn't know what the plan was and ordered the Zhao army to pursue them desperately.
At this time, Han Xin's 2,000 light cavalry in ambush saw the Zhao army attacking, and immediately rushed into the Zhao camp, pulled out the Zhao army's flag, and replaced it with the Han army's flag. The Zhao army chased the Han army back to the position with its back to the Han River. The Han army had no way to retreat, so they turned around and fought desperately with their backs against the water. Zhao Jun could not win after a long battle, and his morale began to decline. Later, when they suddenly discovered that the red flags of the Han army were planted on their own forts behind them, the morale of the army was suddenly in chaos, and they fled in all directions. As a result, the Han army took the opportunity to attack from both sides and defeated the Zhao army. They killed Chen Yu and captured Zhao Wangxie alive. After the victory, a sergeant asked Han Xin: "The military manual says that when setting up a position, we should have a mountain on the right rear and a water on the left front. This time, the general ordered us to stand against the water, and we unexpectedly won the victory. What tactic was this?" Han Xin said : "This also comes from the art of war. The art of war says: "Be trapped in a dead place and then survive; put it in a dead place and then survive." This is because, if put in a dead place, soldiers will fight to the death to save their lives; if a way to survive is left, a soldier will fight to the death. When fighting against the enemy, if there is a slight disadvantage, some may escape." After this battle, people praised Han Xin for his strategy.
A poem in seven steps
After Cao Cao's death, his eldest son Cao Pi succeeded to the throne. Cao Pi was afraid that his younger brothers would compete with him for power, so he acted preemptively and took away the military power of his second brother Cao Zhang. He also forced his fourth brother Cao Xiong to hang himself. At this time, Cao Zhi, the third oldest, was left, and Cao Pi hated him deeply. Therefore, Cao Zhi was ordered to walk seven steps above the main hall, and then recite an impromptu poem with the title "Brothers", but the word "Brothers" could not appear in the poem. Without thinking, Cao Zhi immediately blurted out: "Cooking beans burns the bean sprouts, and the beans weep in the cauldron. They are originally from the same root, so there is no rush to fry them!" - This is the famous "Seven Steps to Poetry". After hearing this, Cao Pi burst into tears and did not succeed. He just demoted Cao Zhi to the title of Marquis of Anxiang.
Luoyang Zhigui
Zuo Si, a writer in the Jin Dynasty, was a very naughty child who did not like reading when he was a child. His father often loses his temper over this matter, but little Zuo Si is still very naughty and refuses to study hard.
One day, Zuo Si’s father was chatting with his friends, who envied him for having a smart and lovely son. Zuo Si's father sighed and said, "Don't mention him anymore. My son Zuo Si's study is not as good as when I was a child. It seems that he doesn't have much potential." As he spoke, there was a look of disappointment on his face. All this was seen and heard by little Zuo Si. He was very sad and felt that he was really worthless if he didn't study hard. So, I secretly made up my mind to study hard.
Day after day, year after year, Zuo Si gradually grew up. Because of his unremitting efforts in reading, he finally became a learned man and wrote very good articles. It took him one year to write "Qidu Fu", which showed his talent in literature and laid the foundation for him to become an outstanding writer. After that, he planned to write "Ode to the Three Capitals" based on the customs, customs, and products of the capitals of Wei, Shu, and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. In order to reach a certain level in content, structure, language and other aspects, he devoted himself to research, carefully wrote, and forgot to eat and sleep. It took him a full ten years to finally complete the literary masterpiece "Sandu Fu".
"Sandu Fu" has been widely criticized, and people compared it with "Liangdu Fu", a literary masterpiece of the Han Dynasty. Since printing had not yet been invented at that time, people who loved "Sandu Fu" could only copy it. Because there were too many people copying it, the supply of paper in Luoyang, the capital, exceeded demand, and the price of paper in the city rose sharply for a while.
The story comes from "Book of Jin·Wenyuan·Zuo Si Zhuan". The idiom "Luoyang paper is expensive" praises the popularity of outstanding works.
Zengzi killed the pig
Zengzi was a student of Confucius. Once, Zeng Zi's wife was going to the market. Because the child was crying, Zeng Zi's wife promised to kill a pig for him to eat when he came back. After Zeng Zi's wife came back from market, Zeng Zi wanted to catch pigs and kill them. His wife stopped him and said, "I was just playing around with the children." Zeng Zi said, "You can't play with children. Children don't understand. Learn everything from your parents and listen to their teachings. Now if you trick him, you are teaching your child to lie." So Zengzi killed the pig. Zeng Zi deeply understood that honesty and trustworthiness, and keeping one's word are the basic principles of life. If one makes a mistake and does not kill the pig, then the pig in the family will be saved, but it will leave an indelible shadow on the mind of a pure child.
Burning books and entrapping Confucians
Burning books and entrapping Confucians happened in the Qin Dynasty in ancient China.
In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (213 BC), a senior official in the imperial court, Chun Yuyue, opposed the "prefecture and county system" implemented at that time and demanded that his children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Prime Minister Li Si refuted it and advocated prohibiting "Confucian scholars" (students) from using the past to slander the government with private knowledge. Qin Shihuang adopted Li Si's suggestion and ordered the burning of historical records of various countries other than "Qin Ji", and also handed over and burned the private collections of "Poems" and "Books" that did not belong to the Doctor's Hall within a time limit; anyone who dared to talk about "Poems" and "Books" Execution, extermination of people who praise the past but discuss current policies; prohibit private education, and those who want to learn law must take officials as their teachers. This measure caused dissatisfaction among many scholars. The next year, many alchemists (people who practiced martial arts and alchemy) and Confucian scholars attacked Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang sent people to investigate and buried more than 460 alchemists and Confucian scholars alive at the "Burning Book Pit" and "Ken Confucian Valley" sites. Historically, these things were called "burning books and entrapping Confucians".
Besieged on all sides
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to use the east and west sides of the chasm (in the Jialu River in Rong County, Henan today) as the boundary to prevent mutual infringement. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping and felt that Xiang Yu should be eliminated while he was weak, so he joined forces with Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Liu Jia to pursue Xiang Yu's troops heading east to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Finally, several layers of troops were deployed and Xiang Yu was tightly surrounded by Gaixia (in the southeast of today's Lingbi County, Anhui). At this time, Xiang Yu had very few soldiers and no food. At night, he heard the troops surrounding him singing the folk songs of Chu. He couldn't help but be very surprised and said: "Has Liu Bang already obtained Chu? Why are there so many Chu people in his army?" As he said this, he felt lost in his heart. After losing his fighting spirit, he got up from bed, drank wine in the tent, and sang with his favorite concubine Yu Ji. After singing, I burst into tears. The people nearby were also very sad and felt unable to lift their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu mounted his horse, took the remaining 800 cavalry, and broke out from the south to escape. He fought and fled, and then committed suicide by killing himself by the Wujiang River.