What is the title of Cao Cao's poem "Going Out of Summer Gate to See the Sea"?
Cao Cao stepped out of the door and watched the sea.
full text
Jieshi looks at the sea in the east.
Where there is water, there are mountains and islands.
There are many trees and plenty of herbs.
The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough.
Journey to the sun and the moon, if you go out.
The star Han is brilliant and unexpected.
Fortunately, even! Sing ambition with a song.
To annotate ...
Jie
Jieshi: the name of the mountain. There are two kinds of Jieshi Mountain, which refers to the Great Jieshi Mountain at this time. When I say it, I mean Jieshi Mountain in Changli County, Hebei Province.
pellet
② Lian: The water waves are swaying.
native place
③ Stand up straight.
4 xinghan: galaxy.
[background]
Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he recruited Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao. He swore the Northern Expedition in May and left Lulongzhai in July to Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao's ascent to Jieshi Mountain was on the way to Wuhuan Northern Expedition, which was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan invaded Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 people from China. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border. So that Cao Cao had to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In a big battle in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, so he could March south in the second year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Connecting the events before and after, we can see what an important war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan was. Looking at the Sea was written by him when he passed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao, as a coach, boarded Jieshi, which Qin Huang and Hanwu had visited. When the autumn wind was bleak, his mood would be as difficult as the sea. He put his high spirit into this poem.
Works like watching the sea.
"Fortunately, this song is dedicated to this wish." This is a cliche in the chorus, which has nothing to do with the content of the poem and needs no elaboration.
[Function]
Looking at the sea, literally, the sea, mountain islands, vegetation, autumn wind, and even the sun, moon and stars are all immediate scenery. In the history of China literature, it seems that Cao Cao never wrote a poem describing natural scenery. It is not only the first masterpiece of China's landscape poems, but also unique, especially loved by literary historians. This poem is about autumn sea, which can be washed.
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. By writing about the sea, the author expressed his ambition to unify China and make contributions. But this kind of emotion is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery, full of feelings and lyrical words. Although these six sentences "What is water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland. It reveals the author's love for the motherland, witnessed the magnificent scenery of the motherland, and aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland, so he fully expressed this desire with the help of rich imagination. The author compares himself to the sea, and through writing about the sea, he expresses the poet's own broad mind and heroism. His feelings are unrestrained but subtle. "Sun and Moon" is the climax of writing about scenery. It is also the climax of the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "like retired Yan people, with a heavy charm". The poem "Looking at the Sea" has a broad artistic conception and vigorous momentum, which conforms to the demeanor of an aspiring politician and strategist, and really makes people feel that they are the people who read his poems.
In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), Cao Cao led an army to conquer Wuhuan, which was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. This is an important war in Cao Cao's great cause of reunifying the north. On the way to the expedition, he wrote Yuefu poem "Walking Out of Xiamen" (belonging to "Harmony Tune"). This group of poems consists of five parts, starting with the word "Yan", which is the preface, and the following articles are taken separately.
Seeing the Sea was written in September this year. Cao Cao climbed Jieshi Mountain on his way to Wuhuan Shengli Class. This four-character poem depicts the magnificence of the motherland's rivers and mountains through the natural scenery that the poet saw when he climbed to the sea. It not only depicts the moving images of mountains and seas, but also expresses the heroic and optimistic enterprising spirit of the poet. It is a masterpiece describing natural scenery in Jian 'an period and one of the earliest masterpieces in China's classical landscape poems. On the occasion of the Northern Expedition, the poet of the first two sentences of "East" came to the foot of Jieshi Mountain and climbed high to look at the sea. Jieshi Mountain was originally located in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province (northwest of Changli County, Hebei Province), but it was still on land in Han Dynasty, facing Bohai Sea, and sank into the sea in Six Dynasties due to geological changes. The poet climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea, only to see: "What is water?" In history, both Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi visited here, carving stones and watching the sea. Now, the poet stands in the place where Qin Shihuang and Hanwu traveled, commanding, looking at the vast sea and towering islands in the sea, thinking that the Central Plains region has been pacified, the northern expedition to Wuhuan has also won a decisive victory, and the northern reunification is about to be realized. How excited he is! At this time, the poet's eyes were fixed on the island at sea, and there was a vibrant scene in front of him: "There are many trees, the autumn wind is bleak, and the waves are rough." The trees are covered with grass, a bleak autumn wind blows, and the sea is rough. Although the bleak autumn wind gives people a feeling of sadness and killing, the vigorous grass shows its heroic nature; Hongbo is surging, and the more you see it! This is a true description of the natural environment and a concrete portrayal of the poet's subjective feelings. After winning a series of wars, Cao Cao felt that his great achievements were as full of vitality as flowers and trees, and also full of vitality for the surging sea. Below, the poet developed his rich imagination and further described the magnificent spirit and broad mind of the sea. If the stars are bright, they will appear from the sea. "The movement of the sun and the moon seems to linger in the arms of the sea, and the brilliant Milky Way stars seem to be wrapped in the belly of the mother of the sea. Look, this is the courage of the sea, the mind of the sea. It's really spectacular, spectacular.
The poem Looking at the Sea is full of scenery, in which there are no words to express feelings directly, but reading the whole poem can still make people feel the feelings deeply entrusted by the poet. Through the poet's vivid description of the rough sea, we seem to see Cao Cao's great ambition and grand mind of forging ahead and unifying the whole country, and touch Cao Cao's elegant demeanor as a poet, politician and strategist. The flow of thoughts and feelings in a typical environment. The whole poem is simple in language, rich in imagination, magnificent, desolate and tragic, which has been greatly appreciated by readers of all ages. Shen Deqian's evaluation of this poem in The Source of Ancient Poetry is very accurate.
Cao Cao (155-220): Wei Wudi, a politician, strategist and poet in the Three Kingdoms period, was born in Pei County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province).
At the beginning, Lian Xiao was appointed as the commander in the north of Luoyang, and moved to Deng Ling. Later, during the suppression of the Yellow Scarf Uprising and the war against Zhuo Zhi, he gradually expanded his military strength. In the third year of Chu Ping (A.D. 192), he was a state shepherd, and was lured to surrender as a part of Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army, which was compiled as "Qingzhou Soldiers". In the first year of Jian 'an (AD 192), the separatist forces such as Lu Bu were successively put down. After the battle of Guandu defeated Yuan Shao, a separatist force in Hebei, the northern part of China was gradually unified. In the 13th year of Jian 'an, he ascended the position of Prime Minister, led his troops south, and was defeated by Sun Quan and Liu Bei in Chibi. He established Wang Wei, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and was honored as Emperor Wu.
He reclaimed land and built water conservancy projects in the north, which solved the problem of insufficient rations and played a certain role in the recovery of agricultural production. Use talents by themselves, and attract the middle and lower classes of the landlord class to restrain the mighty and strengthen centralization. The social economy of the areas they ruled has been restored and developed. Methods of selecting good soldier, such as Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Good Poems, Hao Li Xing, Watching the Sea, etc. , to express their political ambitions, reflecting the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty, magnificent and impassioned.
Mao stayed in the imperial army for more than 30 years, but never gave up books. Books are about the art of war, and at night he thinks about classics. You should pay tribute to climbing high. He writes new poems, all of which are orchestral. (Shu Wei)
Gentle, good at poetry and calligraphy, although in the army, but fondle admiringly. Every time I decide to save, I calmly say: people who are less eager to learn will think professionally, and after a long time, they will forget; When I grow up, I can be a diligent scholar, just me and Yuan Boye.
Cao Gong has a straight path and a sad sentence. (Poems by Zhong Rong)
Go east and climb Jieshi Mountain to see the sea.
translate
Go east and climb Jieshi Mountain to see the sea.
How vast the sea is, and Jieshi Mountain stands tall by the sea.
There are many trees on Jieshi Mountain, and all kinds of grass grow luxuriantly.
The autumn wind is rustling and the waves on the sea are sky-high.
The movement of the sun and the moon seems to start from this vast ocean.
The Milky Way galaxy is full of stars, as if they were born from this vast ocean.
Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings.
The Writing Background of Looking at the Sea
Looking at the Sea is a famous work of Cao Cao, which was written when he recruited Wu Huan. In 207 AD, Cao Cao led an army to the north to hunt down the remnants of Yuan Shao. He swore the Northern Expedition in May and left Lulongzhai in July to Jieshi Mountain. He climbed the mountain and looked at the sea. Facing the surging sea, he wrote this magnificent poem.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems with Pictures and Feelings and Analysis of Junior Middle School Chinese Texts, Volume II)
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords fought for the Central Plains, and Wuhuan, who lived in western Liaoning, was powerful, attacking cities and plundering land in the south, which became a serious border problem in Hebei. In the tenth year of Jian 'an (205), Cao Cao destroyed Yuan Shao's ruling foundation in Hebei, and Yuan Shao vomited blood and died. His sons, Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, fled to Wuhuan and repeatedly colluded with the nobles of Wuhuan to invade the fortress. At that time, Cao Cao was at a disadvantage between the north and the south: the south. There are yuan brothers and Wuhuan in the north. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Cao Cao took the advice of Guo Jia, a counselor, and led an army north in the summer of the twelfth year of Jian 'an. In May, there is no end. In autumn and July, the flood is rampant and the road near the sea is impassable. After that, he accepted Tian Chou's suggestion, changed his course and went to Liucheng, winning the first battle. Successfully returned to the division in September, passing through Jieshi and other places.
In the past, it was thought that Cao Cao's coming to Jieshi in the east occurred during the northern expedition to Wuhuan. In fact, this view is unbelievable because it is inconsistent with historical facts. We looked up the records in the History of the Three Kingdoms, the Ji of Emperor Wudi and the Biography of Tian Chou. Cao Cao boarded Jieshi on his way home from the Northern Expedition in Wuhuan, because there was a flood when he went there, and the road by the sea was impassable, so he had to divert. He should "visit Jieshi" and "see the sea" in September or early October of this year (2007). As for where Jieshi Mountain is today, it is still controversial in academic circles, or it has sunk into the sea of Laoting County, Hebei Province, or it is considered to be the North Jieshi Mountain in Changli County, Hebei Province. Anyway, when Cao Cao climbed the mountain, it should be that the first two paragraphs pointed out the position of "viewing the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, which was high and offshore, with a wide field of vision and a panoramic view of the sea. The following ten sentences are almost derived from this. "What is water? What are mountains and islands?" It is the general impression of looking at the sea at first, which is a bit like the thick line in the painting. Today, "what" and "how" are beautiful words. If you add beauty to Lian, you can imagine the vastness of the sea. In this "connected" sea, the first thing that catches your eye is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat sea surface. Hongbo surges. "The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although it has reached the season of bleak autumn wind and withered vegetation, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is flourishing, giving people a feeling of abundant business. The last two sentences are "What is water?" Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave. Cao, on the other hand, faced the bleak autumn wind and wrote about the vastness of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea was surging and mighty; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style just reflect his "martyr" mind of "riding on an old horse and aiming at a thousand miles".
Looking at the sea gives the poet deep feelings, through which we can see the poet's own soul. Cao Cao's ascent to Jieshi Mountain was on the way to Wuhuan Northern Expedition, which was a great disaster in Northeast China at that time. In the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206), Wu Huan invaded Youzhou and captured more than 100,000 people from China. In the same year, Yuan Shang and Yuan, the sons of Yuan Shao, colluded with Ta Dun, the leader of Wuhuan in western Liaoning, and repeatedly harassed the border. So that Cao Cao had to resolutely conquer Wuhuan in the 12th year of Jian 'an. In a big battle in August this year, Cao Cao finally won a decisive victory. This victory consolidated Cao Cao's rear area, so he could March south in the second year to realize his ambition of reunifying China. Connecting the events before and after, we can see what an important war Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan was. Looking at the Sea was written by him when he passed Jieshi Mountain on the way to the northern expedition to Wuhuan. Before the war, Cao Cao, as a coach, boarded Jieshi, which Qin Huang and Hanwu had visited. When the autumn wind was bleak, his mood would be as difficult as the sea. He put his high spirit into this poem.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
Two sentences about "Jieshi sees the sea in the East"
(Yuan Xingpei)
"Jieshi is in the east and you can see the sea." The beginning explains the orientation, place and object of observation. Although these two sentences are not written directly to people, we seem to see Cao Cao's heroism in climbing mountains and looking at the sea. Jieshi, according to the geography of Hanshu, was located in the southwest of Licheng (now Laoting, Hebei Province) and sank in the Six Dynasties.
The first two sentences started smoothly, "Jieshi sees the sea in the east", which means that I climbed Jieshi Mountain and looked down at the sea. The original Jieshi Mountain is in the southwest of Laoting County, Hebei Province, facing the Bohai Sea.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
Six sentences about "what is water"
"Where there is water, there are mountains and islands." Described the scene of overlooking the sea from Jieshi Mountain. "Lian Lian" describes the swaying of the sea. "What" here means "how". "What is Water" describes the vastness of the sea, with surprises and praises. This is the first impression when I just climbed to the top of the mountain. "If" means towering. The meaning of these two poems is: the vast sea is blue and boundless. We feel very different. At this time, when Cao Cao stood on the mountain, the first thing he saw was the panoramic view of the sea. Therefore, he tried to exaggerate the boundless momentum of the sea, giving people a sense of firmness and stubbornness. The towering mountain island suddenly attracted the poet's attention, so he immediately wrote down the scenery on the island: "There are many trees and grass." There is a thriving scene everywhere, as if there were some. But when we turned our eyes to the surging waves, the poet stopped describing them.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
The six sentences "What is water" are written in front of the sea. Only two of them really describe the sea. Although there are not many words, the author focuses on the morphological changes of the sea and makes a big sketch, writing out the characteristics of the myriad changes of the sea. "What is water?" Is written in the absence of wind, the sea looks rough, when the sea meets strong winds, it will immediately set off an uproar. The word "surging waves" vividly shows the majestic momentum of the sea. The word "Yong" is used very well. From this description, we not only see the shape of the sea surging into the sky, but also seem to hear the sound of stormy waves lapping on the shore. Although the author writes about the sea, he doesn't simply write about the sea. If he only writes about the rough sea, no matter how well he writes it, he will give it to others. With the spot dyeing of mountain island vegetation, the sea is full of vitality and prosperity, which makes people feel that the sea is not only vast and magnificent, but also beautiful. Let's try to recite these words together, and we can appreciate the charm: the vast sea is undulating, flapping against the coast, the mountains and islands stand tall, and the lush vegetation is swaying in the bleak autumn wind. this
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
Four sentences about "the journey between the sun and the moon"
In the face of this charming sea scenery, the author launched a rich and strange imagination. "If the journey of the sun and the moon is out of it; If the stars are brilliant, they will come out. " The constantly running sun, the moon and the starry galaxy are all contained in this sea. How energetic! These four sentences are the climax of the whole poem. The author uses exaggerated expression techniques to create an extremely open artistic conception, which adds a positive romantic color to the poem. Although they are highly exaggerated, the author still firmly grasps the majestic characteristics of the sea, and exaggeration is reasonable.
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
The poet's rich imagination has brought us to a more magnificent realm: "If the journey of the sun and the moon comes out from this; If the star-studded man is brilliant, he will come out. "This word 16 describes the vastness of the sea and writes a picture of the sun and the moon, including pregnant stars. The sky is connected with water, and the water is endless, which is really spectacular. " "People with bright stars" are the Milky Way in the sky. These four poems mean that the sun and the moon rise in the east every day, make a circle in the sky and then set in the west. Its far end hangs to the sea as if it originated from the sea. The sun, the moon and the milky way are the most brilliant and greatest images in nature, but the poet feels that their operation is still inseparable from the embrace of the sea, which is like the mother of the sun, the moon and the stars. This vast realm is rare in ancient poetry.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
Characteristics of scene blending in sea viewing
In this poem, scenery and emotion are closely combined. Facts have proved that the author expressed his ambition of unifying China and making contributions by writing about the sea. This kind of emotion is not directly revealed in the poem, but contained in the description of the scenery. This lyric way is different from many other ancient lyric poems. Many lyric poems about scenery in ancient times were written separately, or they focused on scenery above and artistic conception below. For example, the sentence "A strong man will never return" in Jing Ke's Xiao Shui describes the feeling of a strong man's death. Another example is Du Fu's "The Story of Climbing Yueyang Tower". The first part of "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the endless drifting of heaven and earth" focuses on the scenery and is also very charming; The second part of "but my relatives and friends didn't write back to me, and I was old and sick, alone with my boat" focused on writing feelings. Looking at the sea completely contains feelings in the scenery. The lines in Looking at the Sea are full of passion. Although the six sentences in "What's Water" are depicting the vibrant sea scenery, they are actually praising the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland, revealing the author's feelings of loving the motherland and witnessing the magnificent scenery of the motherland. It also aroused the poet's strong desire to unify the motherland, so he fully expressed this desire with rich imagination. The author compares himself with the sea, and expresses the poet's broad-minded and heroic spirit by writing about the momentum of the sea. His feelings are unrestrained, but they are very subtle. The four sentences in Sun Moon are the climax of landscape writing and the climax of the author's emotional development. Poets in the Song Dynasty said that Cao's poems were "like veteran Yan, with strong verve".
(Excerpted from Dong Desong's Poems and Paintings Love, ditto)
Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea accurately and vividly depicts the image of the ocean, which is simple and full, rich but not trivial, just like a heavy charcoal painting. What is particularly commendable is that this poem not only reflects the image of the ocean, but also gives it character. It depicts the scenery sentence by sentence and expresses the poet himself. Poets are not satisfied with imitating the ocean in shape, but through images.
(Excerpted from Yuan Xingpei's Cao Cao's Poem "Watching the Sea", same as above)
Viewing the Sea is a lyric expression based on scenery, which skillfully integrates the seascape in front of you with your own aspirations. The climax of "Watching the Sea" is at the end of the poem, with unrestrained feelings but subtle thoughts. It not only combines the scene, but also combines the reason. Because of its implication, it is more enlightening, inspiring and intriguing. In the past, people praised Cao Cao's poems as deep, full, vigorous and powerful.