Appreciation and Translation of Du Fu's Jianghan
Jianghan translation and annotation translation I wander around Jianghan, but I miss my hometown but I can't go home. In the vast world, I am just a pedantic old Confucian. Looking at the clouds floating far away in the sky and the bright moon hanging alone in the night, I seem to be as far away from the clouds as the moon. Although I am old and weak, my time is running out, but my ambition to show my ambition still exists; Facing the rustling autumn wind, I feel that my state is getting better. Since ancient times, I love horses because of their wisdom, not because of their physical strength. So, although I am old and ill, I can still make a difference.
Note 1 Jianghan: This poem was written in the public security area of Jiangling, Hubei. Because it is located between the Yangtze River and Hanshui River, it is called Jianghan. 2 Corrupt scholars: This refers to pedantic and inflexible scholars. Here is the poet's self-assertion, which means laughing at himself. I mean, although I am a knowledgeable person, I am still not out of poverty; There is also a sense of conceit, that is to say, not many people in Gankun are as worried about the people as themselves. 3 "a cloud" sentence: This sentence is inverted, which should be "a cloud on the horizon, the night is the same as the lonely moon". Sunset: Metaphorically speaking, I am old. 5 if you are sick, tell me that you are well. Sue: Get better. 6 save: save. Ma Lao: Poets compare themselves to. The story of "An old horse knows the way" in Lin Yutang is typical: Qi Huangong got lost on his way back from attacking solitary bamboo. He accepted Guan Zhong's suggestion that "the wisdom of the old horse can be used" and let it fly, so he found the right way.
Jianghan's appreciation of "Jianghan" sentence shows the poet's dilemma of living in Jianghan. The word "homesick" is full of infinite bitterness, because the poet is homesick and can't go home, so he becomes a reduced person on earth. "Gankun" refers to heaven and earth. The sentence "Gankun" contains two meanings: "inferiority and conceit", and cleverly puts the word "Gankun" on "a corrupt Confucian". "Being in the grass, worrying about the country and the people, dry, how many people can this pedant have? (Du Shi Shuo) Huang Sheng's understanding of this poem won the poet's heart.
The sentence "Parallel Rhyme" follows the first sentence closely, and the antithesis is very neat. The poet expressed his deep homesickness by describing the natural scenery in front of him. On the lonely night hanging from the clouds and the bright moon far away from the sky, he thought of his guests, as if he were alone away from the clouds and the moon. In this way, my feelings are integrated with the scenery outside. On the surface, the poet writes about the lonely moon, but in fact he writes about himself: although far away, he is as loyal as the lonely moon. In the past, people thought that these two sentences "the scene is mixed and indistinguishable" could well explain its characteristics.
Sunset is a direct continuation of the second sentence, which vividly shows the poet's spirit of actively using the world. Zhouyi said: "A gentleman strives for self-improvement. This just shows that the pedantic Confucianism in the second sentence is not simply the poet's contempt for himself. The first couplet is clearly written about a lonely moon in a long night. The sunset in this couplet is by no means a real scene, but a metaphor. Huang Sheng pointed out: "The setting sun is a metaphor for the teeth of twilight", which is for chanting, not writing scenery. Otherwise, it is contradictory to watch the lonely moon and the sunset in a rhyme. What he said is very reasonable. Sunset means "the sun sets in the west". The original meaning of the sentence "sunset" is "the old man is not old." And Cao Cao's poem "Martyrs are courageous in their twilight years" ("Going out of Xiamen, although turtles live long"). As far as the format of metrical poems is concerned, this combination is metonymy. " Sunset is the antonym of autumn wind, but sunset is actually a metaphor of twilight. The sentence "Autumn Wind" is realistic. "Sue" has a sense of recovery. The poet Jianghan, instead of being sad for the autumn wind, felt "sick for the Soviet Union". This is quite similar to Li Bai's ideological realm of "feeling prosperous and easy in autumn, who is worried about autumn", which shows the poet's mental state of going forward bravely in adversity. The fourth volume of Hu Yinglin's poem "Inner Chapter" praises the second and third parts of this poem "the breadth is greater than the depth", which is very accurate.
The phrase "ancient" once again shows the poet's old and strong feelings. "Old Horse" uses the stories of "When the Woods are big, I will do anything" and "Old Horse knows the way": Qi Huangong came back after chopping solitary bamboo, lost his way. He accepted Guan Zhong's suggestion of "using the wisdom of the old horse" and released the old horse, which was followed by "enlightenment". "Old horse" is the poet's self-comparison, and "distance" refers to the driving force. The poet pointed out that the ancients saved the old horse not by its strength, but by its wisdom. Although I am a "pedant", I am still strong inside and want to get sick. Like an old horse, I'm not useless. The poet obviously contains resentment here: am I really a worthless pedant, even worse than an old horse? This is the poet's implication, which naturally emerges from the poem.
The second couplet of Jianghan Appreciation wrote the poet's dilemma of staying in Jianghan in a self-deprecating way. The title of this poem is "Jianghan", and the first word of the first sentence is a symbol of wandering. "Homesickness" means that the poet wants to return to his hometown but can't, so he has to wander around and wander around the world. The poet is homesick but unable to return, becoming a degenerate at the end of the world, which contains the poet's infinite bitterness. The sentence "Gankun" contains two meanings: "inferiority and conceit", and cleverly puts the word "Gankun" on "a corrupt Confucian".
Couplets closely follow the first sentence, and the antithesis is very neat. Through the description of the natural scenery in front of him, the poet showed his deep "homesickness" feelings. On the lonely night hanging from the clouds and the bright moon far away from the sky, he thought of his guests, as if he were alone away from the clouds and the moon. In this way, my feelings are integrated with the scenery outside. Literally, the poet sees a lonely moon, but in fact, they are used as metaphors of the poet himself. The poet integrates his inner feelings into the external scenery, feeling that although he is wandering around, his loyalty to the country is still as bright as a lonely moon. People used to think that these two sentences were "mixed with scenes and could not be distinguished."
The necklace is directly connected with the second sentence, which vividly shows the poet's spirit of actively using the world and uses metaphors to write the poet's mental state despite adversity. As far as the format of metrical poems is concerned, this combination is metonymy. "Sunset" is the antonym of "autumn wind". The former is a fictional writing, which is a metaphor for "twilight". The first couplet is clearly written about a lonely moon in a long night. The sunset in this couplet is by no means a real scene, but a metaphor. Huang Sheng pointed out: "The setting sun is a metaphor for the teeth of twilight", which is for chanting, not writing scenery. Otherwise, it is contradictory to watch the lonely moon and the sunset in a rhyme. While that lat is in writing. Being in Jianghan, facing the chilly autumn wind, the poet not only lost his sentimental feelings in the past, but also felt "sick for the Soviet Union". This change is the embodiment of the poet's heroic mentality and active spirit of using the world. This just shows that the "pedant" in the second sentence is not simply the poet's contempt for himself. This is quite similar to Li Bai's ideological realm of "feeling prosperous and easy in autumn, who is worried about autumn", which shows the poet's mental state of going forward bravely in adversity.
Couplets borrow the allusion of an old horse who knows the way, and once again show the poet's feelings of being old and strong. "Old horse" is the poet's self-comparison, and "distance" refers to the driving force. The poet pointed out that the ancients saved the old horse not by its strength, but by its wisdom. Although the poet is a "pedant", his heart is still strong and he wants to get sick. Just like an old horse, he intends to show that although he is old and sick, he still has wisdom to use and can still make a difference. In addition, the poem naturally reveals the implication: "I am really a worthless pedant, even worse than an old horse?" "Said the resentment.
The whole poem uses euphemistic and implicit techniques, which fully shows the poet's psychological state of being strong and brave. Although the poet is 56 years old, there is no hope of returning to the north, and his livelihood is shrinking. Nevertheless, loneliness and loyalty still exist, and courage still exists. This poem embodies the indomitable spirit of resisting old age and is very touching.
Interpretation of Jianghan's sentence: Jianghan misses visitors, and Gan Kun is a corrupt scholar. Wandering in Jianghan, I am a wandering wanderer who misses my hometown. I'm just a pedantic old Confucian in a vast world. Jianghan, between the Yangtze River and Hanshui River, expresses the poet's dilemma of staying in Jianghan and laughs at himself. "Thinking of his guests" is Du Fu's self-description, because he is in Jianghan and always misses his hometown, but he can't. Pedantic scholar, here is actually the poet's remorse for not catering to the secular. If the former sentence only emphasizes the poet's homesickness, the latter sentence reveals his tiny loneliness between heaven and earth. The poet's original ambition was to travel all over the world, but the more he reached the last stage of his life, the more he felt small and powerless. How deep is the pain and helplessness! The clouds are far away and the moon is lonely. Like clouds floating in the distant sky, far away from home; Face the long night alone with the bright moon. Transfer is a working couple. "The sky is far away", by Jiang Hanke; "Lonely Moon" inherits a pedant. On the surface, the poet wrote about a lonely moon, but in fact he wrote about himself. He blended his feelings with the scenery outside and lamented that he was drifting. However, under the bright and lonely moon, we realized the poet's confidence, and his heart was still bright. Long night, long night. The heart of the sunset is still strong. In the face of autumn wind, I don't feel sorry for autumn, but I feel that my illness is getting better. Sunset is a metaphor for old age, not realism. The sentence "Autumn Wind" is realistic. The artistic conception of the poem is broad and profound, which vividly expresses the poet's spirit of actively using the world, being brave in adversity and "sparse" and reviving. In ancient times, there were old horses to help, so there was no need to travel long distances. Old horses have been saved since ancient times. After a long journey, Guan Zhong used the old horse's allusion to describe himself as old and sick, but his wisdom still exists and he can make a difference. Han Feizi said in "On Forest" that during the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong cut solitary bamboo with Qi Huangong, and spring returned to winter, and he lost his way. Guan Zhong suggested using an old horse to lead the way, so he found his way home. "Old horse" is a poet's metaphor.
The background of Jianghan's creation This poem was written by Du Fu at the age of 57. In the first month of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu left Kuizhou and moved to Jiangling and Gongan in Hubei. At this time, Du Fu went through hardships, and there was no hope of returning to the north, and his life became increasingly embarrassing. Du Fu was deeply moved by his long wandering, so he wrote this poem.
Some people think that this poem was written in Kuizhou, while others think that it was written in Jiangling. The latter is true. In the first month of the third year of Dali (768), Du Fu left Kuizhou Gorge and lived in Jiangling, Gongan and other places in Hubei in the autumn. The poem was written here. The name of the poem is Jianghan, which is almost untitled. He is probably wandering around and has no intention of drafting the title. There are naturally many feelings in my heart. Nevertheless, the poet's loyal soul and strong heart still exist, and he is not pessimistic and depressed because of his difficult situation and old age and illness. This poem embodies the spirit of "the martyr's heart is strong but his strength is weak in his old age".
Jianghan commented on the poet's stagnation in Jianghan. He wrote this poem because of his feelings. With concise brushstrokes, he expressed the injustice of abandoning talents and the generous feelings of serving the country and using it whenever he wants. The first two pairs of couplets are poor, and the last two pairs can still be used. In Yuan Dynasty, Fang Hui commented on this poem in Ying Lv Kui Sui: "The longer you taste it, the more you will see its merits." With emotion, the words "common distance", "independence", "still strong" and "longing for the Soviet Union" are wonderful, and those who can write poems in the world are no longer second to none. "Indeed, the two couplets in the middle of the poem complement each other and have strong artistic appeal, so they have always been praised. Hu Yinglin's poem Painting in Poetry in Ming Dynasty.