Complete works of detailed information on spring ploughing
Basic introduction Chinese name: spring ploughing mbth: Spring ploughing start time: beginning of spring later interpretation:? Plough the fields before sowing in spring Chinese pinyin: chūn gēng Proverb: Plow well and rake well, and crops will not grow grass. Related poems: the definition, history, origin, customs, proverbs, poems, matters needing attention, the emperor's [spring ploughing], climatic conditions, taboos and definitions of words: [Example: Han Chaocuo's "On Your Millet": "Spring ploughing, summer harvest, autumn harvest, winter storage ... between four o'clock, rest on the day of death. Spring ploughing Song Ceng Gong's poem "Walking in the North City on February 8": "I will rise from the Gaoting and face Zhu Bei. I will spend a whole day persuading Spring ploughing." Zhou Enlai's "Land Reform and Party Consolidation in Old and Semi-Old Areas" IV: "Where it is estimated that the land reform task cannot be completed before spring ploughing, the land reform work should be postponed until after summer." The historical origin of spring ploughing is in ancient China. The country is founded on agriculture, which pays attention to the integrity of seasons. Spring ploughing, summer harvest, autumn harvest and winter storage are all carried out according to the seasons. The change of seasons can only be judged by the change of phenology, while wizards with astronomical knowledge can judge by observing the astronomical phenomena. In ancient times, observation was generally carried out when it was just dark (called "fainting"). The observed star was called "fire", and the western astronomical term was Scorpio A. When the ancient "fire" star fainted, it happened at the vernal equinox. On this day, Vulcan observed that Mars was located in the middle of the south, so he announced to the public that it was the vernal equinox and it was time to sow spring. The ancestors of Chu people used to be the ancient Fire King, which is the origin of Shen Rong's name and the first duty of Fire Zheng. Spring ploughing originated from ancient agriculture, and slash-and-burn cultivation began in one year. People are nervous about their work and excited about their desire. They regard burning wasteland as a prelude to a bumper harvest and hold a cheerful and grand ceremony. "Book of Rites Special Sacrifice" says: "Ji Chun is born and burned." It's about the ancient ceremony of burning fire to eliminate famine. Who will lead the fire of a well-preserved winter into the wild and light the first burning fire? Of course, it is a duty-bound fire. In autumn, after the fire goes out, a ceremony of "closing the fire" will be held to collect kindling. However, the fire in ancient times was mainly not an official actually engaged in agriculture, but a religious wizard engaged in sacrifice. The ancients felt incredible about the regular operation of astronomical phenomena, and always felt that there was a "hand of God" manipulating nature and human activities, and the operation of fire was no exception. Besides, there are storms and lightning in nature, and there are joys and sorrows in the world. In order to pray for God's eternal happiness on earth, there is a ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven. When offering sacrifices to heaven, kill the animals, incense the firewood, light the firewood, and let the burnt smell of animal meat float to the sky with the smoke. When the Emperor of Heaven smells the smell of fireworks and meat, he will be merciful and give peace and happiness to the world. The task of the fire administration is to sort out, light and guard the firewood used to worship the heavens and complete the ceremony of burning sacrifices. After the custom of spring ploughing in beginning of spring, spring ploughing will begin soon. In some areas of China, the custom of trial farming has been handed down. However, due to the different environmental and natural conditions, the ways and times of traditional customs of spring ploughing production are also different. In the first quarter of spring ploughing in northern Guangxi, urban activities are more enthusiastic and grand than those in rural areas. In rural areas, due to the cold weather, most people try to plow into the cowshed and put the yoke around the cow's neck, indicating that the cow is pulling the yoke to plow the field, indicating that spring is coming and the new year begins to sow grain. Be prepared for ploughing, catch up with seasonal sowing, and don't miss the opportunity of farming. Urban activities: According to legend, in the past, in order to enhance the production atmosphere of spring ploughing, people were urged to prepare for spring ploughing. The day before the spring, the county magistrate in the city sent an official to build a thatched official factory on the wasteland next to the county town God Temple. The official beat gongs and drums, blew and beat, carried the county magistrate and paper-bound spring cattle and plows, and went from the yamen to the official factory along Yingchun Road. People along the road set off firecrackers to enlarge the rice. After the spring ox is carried to the official factory, it is necessary to burn incense and sacrifice to the royal heaven. The ceremony is three days and three worships. The county magistrate leads the way, and all the squires worship with the ceremony. Then they read a prayer to worship the god of heaven and earth, and then the county magistrate personally helps the ploughing, and carries out trial ploughing after the spring ox to show the beginning of spring ploughing. The shouts of onlookers resounded through the sky. After the county magistrate tried to cultivate, the chief officer held the paper-wrapped spring cattle to the street to remind people that the new year has begun, all crops are waiting to be planted, and all industries are waiting to flourish. Everyone should be lazy to welcome the first day of spring ploughing. Travel all over the streets, go back to the county government for spring, and then burn paper to wrap spring cattle. In the second stage of spring ploughing in Caoba field, in Yaoshan, the main leaders of each family have to dig several hoes in the field with their hoes on their backs, or dig several hoes in rice fields and vegetable gardens. That is to say, in addition to breaking ground in spring ploughing, they have to go up the mountain to cut some bamboo and insert it in the field, that is, insert the field and bury a few seeds in the field, which means a bumper harvest. In other places, the first day of February is considered as the Spring Festival. Early in the morning, every household knocks on the pot cover for a while to show laziness and welcome the first day of spring ploughing. After breakfast this morning, men usually check the farm tools at home to see which ones need to be repaired and which ones need to be replaced, and make decisions one by one. Do it yourself or ask someone to start sorting out farm tools. After breakfast that day, women used glutinous rice soaked the day before, ground it with a pulverizer, chopped dried vegetables and bacon pickled in early winter and glued them into delicious stuffing, wrapped them in glutinous rice cakes, made them into Yangchun cakes, padded them with grapefruit leaves and steamed them in a pot. After that, the family sat together and ate a sumptuous "Yangchun cake". When eating "Yangchun", the person in charge of the family told everyone about the production plan and variety arrangement to be planted in the new year, asking everyone to make great efforts to do Yangchun well and strive for a good harvest in the new year. Hun yuan, Shuoxian and Yin Shan counties in Shanxi Province and parts of Hebei and Inner Mongolia. There is a popular custom of beating drums to welcome the spring. Before spring ploughing, people held sheepskin round fans and tambourines, knocking and singing, praying for disaster relief and a bumper harvest after autumn. During the spring ploughing season of Hani people in Honghe, Yunnan Province, farmers' performance teams went from village to village to perform original songs and dances reflecting the working life of local ethnic minorities, and sang Haruka for spring ploughing. Spring ploughing proverb autumn ploughing is deep and spring ploughing is shallow. Spring ploughing is like turning cakes, and autumn ploughing is like digging wells. Spring ploughing is one inch deep, and you can top the dung once. Spring ploughing is not willing to be busy, and his face is hungry and yellow after autumn. Plow and rake well in spring, and crops will grow without grass. Crops don't recognize their parents, and intensive cultivation leads to more food. According to local conditions, reasonable close planting. You want the corn to bear fruit unless the leaves overlap. Reasonable close planting is really good, and the seedlings grow without grass. Good close planting, strong close planting, reasonable close planting and multiple seeds. The grain should be thin, the wheat should be thick, and the cows are lying in the sorghum field. Sail against the current and farm against drought. The spring drought is not early, and the autumn drought is half. Don't be lazy in spring drought, and be drought-resistant and productive. More hoes in spring, more fights in autumn. Drought is reduced under the hoe, and gold is produced from the hoe. There are three ways to look at irrigation: look at the sky, look at the land and look at the crops. Catch one more moth in spring and one more basket in autumn. Plant trees in early spring and kill insects in summer. It is better to kill one insect in spring than to kill a hundred insects in autumn. Cultivated land for winter, insects died and the soil was loose. There are many poems describing spring ploughing at all times and at home and abroad. For example, Yao Nai's "Mountain Walk" is a lively picture of spring ploughing: "The cuckoo flies to persuade early ploughing, and spring hoes at Chu Qing. Thousands of stone trees cross the road and go all the way to paddy fields. " Wei said in "Looking at Tian's Poems": "When it rains, how many flowers are spent, and the thunder wakes up, how many days will Tian's family be idle? Farming starts here. " Wang Wei said in "Stay in Zhengzhou": "The father of the field returns to the grass and the village eats grass in the rain." Spring thunder and drizzle, new vegetation, rain grazing in villages and sowing by farmers are also the hopes of sowing for one year. Precautions in the busy season of sowing and seedling raising, we should pay attention to the following matters: do a good job in seed disinfection. The specific methods are as follows: (1) Dry and select seeds before chemical treatment to enhance the germination potential and improve the germination rate of seeds. (2) Seed soaking with 25% prochloraz for disinfection: firstly, seeds are pre-soaked with clear water/kloc-0 for 2 hours, and then soaked with 3000-4000 times of prochloraz solution, that is, one stick 1 ml of 25% prochloraz mixed with 6-8 kilograms of water can soak about 6 kilograms of rice seeds. After soaking the seeds for 24 hours, the rice seeds can be taken out and directly sown or germinated without cleaning. It is necessary to turn off the good germination and sowing. Do not germinate soaked and disinfected seeds, or use heat preservation to accelerate germination until the chest is white, and grasp the favorable weather with warm head and cold tail to sow in time. Coated seeds can be sown directly without any treatment. It is necessary to manage rice fields well. Don't use urea when tidying up the rice fields. Appropriate amount of high-quality seedling strengthening agent or a small amount of compound fertilizer should be used, and the film should be tightly covered for heat preservation after sowing. If the weather is sunny and hot after full sowing, attention should be paid to uncovering the film in time to prevent the seedlings from burning in the film at high temperature, and covering the film again in time to keep warm at low temperature. The emperor's spring ploughing sounds very fresh, but it is an ancient national ceremony called "pro-ploughing", which expresses the emperor's intention to persuade farmers and pray for a bumper harvest. The spring ploughing map was cultivated by the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and it was held on an auspicious day in February or March. Since Yongzheng, before the emperor began to plow, he had to practice in the cultivated land in front of Xiyuan (now * * *) Fengze Garden to avoid being unfamiliar with farming. On the day of formal farming, early in the morning, the emperor wore a dress and took a bus to the Xiannong altar in the south of the city. After performing ceremonies such as offering sacrifices to farmers, the emperor came to his hometown in front of the viewing platform and stood facing south. The Minister of Housing kneels in thunder, and the prefect of Shuntian kneels in whip. The emperor held a thunder in his right hand and a whip in his left. In front of him, two old men were leading cows and two farmers were helping to plow the fields. Behind him, Shuntianfu worships the green box, and the assistant minister of the Ministry is responsible for sowing. In the rites department, Taichang Temple and Shu, it is only a courtesy for the emperor to plow, but there are also things that the emperor really plows. According to Shou Ji Zhai Ji, in the forty-first year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi inspected the situation of spring ploughing in Boye, south of Beijing. He once took a plow and plowed an acre of land in one breath. At that time, * * * there were ten thousand people watching this scene, and Li Guangdi, a college student, was particularly interested in Wen. Climatic conditions: "As soon as the knot is pricked, the hoe will not stop." At the moment of shock, most parts of China have entered the busy season of spring ploughing. This is a season that waits for no one, and every moment is worth a thousand dollars. In most areas, the average temperature of scary solar terms is generally 12℃ to 14℃, which is more than 3℃ higher than rainy solar terms, and it is the solar term with the fastest annual warming. The sunshine time has also increased significantly. However, due to the alternation of cold and warm air, the weather is unstable and the temperature fluctuates greatly. In the Yangtze River valley in the southeast of South China, the temperature in the warning period is stable above 65438 02℃ in most years, which is beneficial to the sowing of rice and corn. The average daily temperature in other areas is lower than 12℃ for more than three consecutive days, so it is not allowed to sow blindly early. Although the temperature rises rapidly, the increase of rainfall is limited. The total rainfall during spring ploughing in central and northwestern South China is only about 10 mm, and after perennial winter drought, spring drought often begins to appear. At this time, the booting stage of wheat and flowering stage of rape are in a period of high water demand and are sensitive to water demand. Spring drought often becomes an important factor affecting the output of Koharu. Afforestation should also consider this climate feature, plant logistics and water, and strive to improve the survival rate of saplings. Spring thunder scared off all kinds of insects, and the warm climate conditions were conducive to the occurrence and spread of many diseases and insect pests, and weeds in the fields sprouted one after another. It is necessary to do a good job in pest control and intertillage weeding in time. "Peach blossoms come, swine fever comes", and we should also pay attention to the epidemic prevention of poultry and livestock. Insoluble phosphate fertilizers such as phosphate rock powder and bone powder should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash, lime ammonia and lime. Otherwise, it will neutralize the organic acids in the soil, making insoluble phosphate fertilizer more difficult to dissolve and crops unable to absorb and utilize it. Alkaline fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer cannot be mixed with ammonium ammonia fertilizer. Because the mixed application of basic fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride with ammonium fertilizers will lead to and increase the volatilization loss of ammonia and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Farm manure such as human and animal manure cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, plant ash and lime. Because the main component of human and animal manure is nitrogen, if it is mixed with strong alkaline fertilizer, it will be ineffective. Chemical fertilizer cannot be mixed with bacterial fertilizers such as rhizobia fertilizer. Because chemical fertilizer has strong corrosiveness, volatility and water absorption, if it is mixed with bacterial fertilizer, it will kill or inhibit living bacteria and make the fertilizer ineffective. Ammonia water cannot be mixed with human excrement, plant ash, potash fertilizer, ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, urea and ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate cannot be mixed with plant ash, human excrement and potash fertilizer. Ammonium sulfate cannot be mixed with plant ash and ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium nitrate cannot be mixed with plant ash and ammonia water. The mixed use of the above fertilizers will cause acid-base neutralization reaction and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Calcium superphosphate cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash, lime nitrogen and lime. Because superphosphate contains free acid, it is acidic, and the above-mentioned alkaline fertilizer contains more calcium. If the two are mixed, it will cause acid-base reaction, reduce fertilizer efficiency, make calcium fix phosphorus, and cause "both losses".