The history of Japanese surnames

In ancient Japan, there were no surnames, only first names. Later, with the development of production, especially after entering the class society, surnames and surnames first appeared in the ruling class. Scholar is a political organization in ancient Japan. Every surname has its own name, which is called "name". Surnames are named according to the positions held by clans in the imperial court or the places where clans live and rule. For example, in the imperial court, the department in charge of offering sacrifices is called Taboo Department, and the clan in charge of Taboo Department is called Taboo Department, while Yun and Jin are the clans that rule the places near Yun He. In ancient Japan, "surname" was a title of surname to show its social and political status. There are dozens of surnames, which are similar to titles and are hereditary. There is an obvious hierarchical relationship between surnames. For example: minister, secretary, monarch, ambition, etc. In addition to surnames and surnames, a new appellation called Miao character appeared in the ninth and tenth centuries. Miao means the origin and branch of Miao. Miao is a new surname of a family after leaving the clan. In other words, the surnames of ancient Japanese have three parts: surnames, surnames and Miao characters, which respectively represent certain meanings. The names of ancient nobles are often very long, such as "Fujiwara courtiers have nine things." Among them, it is the surname, the courtiers are the surnames, and the nine articles are Miao Wen, which are also real surnames. Later, the number of new Miao languages increased greatly, and surnames, surnames and Miao Wen gradually merged into one, collectively known as Miao Wen: in today's Japanese, Miao Wen is what we usually call surnames.

The emperor is an exception among the aristocratic ruling classes with surnames, surnames and Miao characters. Japanese emperors in history had no surnames, only first names. In ancient times, the emperor was regarded as a descendant of the gods and had supreme power, so there was no need for a surname. Not only the emperor, but also the queen and the emperor's children have no surnames (the emperor's daughter can take her husband's surname when she grows up and gets married).

Surnames, surnames and Miao characters are all symbols of power, so it was the privilege of the Japanese ruling class at that time to give names these titles. And the broad masses of working people never have surnames, only first names. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), Japan abolished feudal equality, and in the third year of Meiji (1870), the Japanese government decided; All ordinary people can take their own names. However, many people are unwilling to give their surnames because of their long-established habits. Therefore, in the eighth year of Meiji (1875), the Japanese government once again stipulated that all citizens must have surnames. Since then, every household in Japan has a surname, with sons taking their fathers' surnames and wives taking their husbands' surnames, which have been passed down from generation to generation and continue to this day.

In ancient Japan, when the samurai were 11 to 16 years old, they would hold a rite of passage, change clothes and change their hair styles. This is the so-called Fu Yuan. Before Fu Yuan, children also had children's names, but Fu Yuan, as a symbol of adults, would have a formal name. For example, Chihiro Sugiyama was called Tiger Chiyo before Fu Yuan, which was neither a surname nor a formal name. After Fu Yuan, he inherited the family name-Long Tail, an informal name-Hirazaburo (referred to as Hirazaburo for short, which usually means this) and a formal name-Jinghu, which are collectively called Changjiuping Sanjinghu. Another example is Nobutaka Oda, whose name is Master Ji, and later Nobutaka Oda.

Generally speaking, it is easier to read official history, but if you have the opportunity to read some Japanese history books with strong stories, you will be in big trouble, because famous ministers who are closely related to the monarch prefer to use informal titles. When reading the passage of Nobuhida Oda's funeral, the family members of Oda's clansmen are the following people: Saburo, Saburo, Kanjurou, Shinjiro, Kuro, Hikojiro, Nishihara, and Kogoro. I think I know a little about Japanese history, but I can't figure out who is who at once. I think you will be at a loss. In the SLG of the Warring States, many military commanders (mostly well-known) used informal titles, probably because they were used to calling and listening more, but the result was better than using formal titles. Nonobunaga's Nobuhiro series often shows the following characters: Tokichiro under the wood (Hideyoshi), Hanbi in the bamboo (Shigeyoshi), Don Simon (Takashi, later renamed as Shuishui), Matabi in Goto (Keiji), Daxi in the wood (Tomoto), Kensuke Yamamoto (Kiichi), Ishinosuke in the mountain (Yoshimori) and Lang Maeda Keiji (Nobuki).

Besides formal and informal names, some Japanese have nicknames. Takeda Shingen, Ōtomo Sōrin and Saitō Dō san are called by numbers. Xue Mei of Dongshan is the nobuyuki of Dongshan, and Xue Mei is the abbreviation of his name, Mei Xuezhai is not white; Hong 'anji Guangzuo, Guangzuo is a name, as obvious as the dharma number ―― in fact, Hong 'anji Guangzuo is as obvious as Benyuan Temple; Similarly, the longevity of Hong An Ji is like Hong An Ji. The characters in these three games, some players regard them as six people, which is quite funny. Some players also wrote to ask about Hosokawa Morihiro and Hosokawa after watching the Toyotomi family. Actually don't have to treat them as two people, because Hosokawa Morihiro is Hosokawa Morihiro, and Youzhai is the name of Fujiao, just like Zhou Shi Zhai is the name of Yagyu Zongyan.

In addition, samurai with official positions generally call their official positions between their surnames and first names. For example, people used to call feather firewood Xiuji before it was built, which Akechi Mitsuhide called a wise day to keep the light on display.

In addition to the above, there are some synonyms. Yasuke Yamamoto of Nobuyeong's Wild Hope is called Yasuke Yamamoto in Unifying the World. "Stone in the Mountain" is also called "Stone in the Mountain" in the book, because in Japanese, the pronunciation of help and intermediary is すけ, so the Japanese think it can be mixed. In addition, Maeda Rieta is also called Maeda Rieta (だぃ), Inaba Yitie is called Inaba iџ(てつ), Ando Shoujiu is called Anton Shoujiu (どぅ), and Yamagata Masayoshi is called Yamagata Changjing (が).

In the early plot of the game "Tian Xiang Ji", players can find that the Yoshikawa family and Obuchi Keizo family are both powerful families, but they were later peacefully merged by Maori Yuan in a way similar to Nobunobu. Another young man used a similar method. This is Miyoshi Nagayoshi. Maybe the readers still don't believe it. In fact, Miyoshi Nagayoshi's third and fourth brothers inherited Anzhai's winter life and ten rivers and one deposit.

This kind of adoption is for others to see, and more is a real adoption. When one party sends his son to be someone else's adopted son, it actually acts as a lifelong hostage. The most famous hostage is Shangshan Mirror Lake. The North Island family traveled from the North Island Zaoyun to the North Island Kang, galloped the Kanto, and led the Kanto Chief Executive Guan Shangshan's constitutional government to Vietnam. In the end, the weak constitutional government proposed to give the post of Guanling in Guandong to Jinghu on the condition of beating up Kosuke Kitajima. Jing Hu, the long tail, accepted it and changed its name from now on. After three times of renaming, it was the military god who went to China. Shinichi Sugiyama has been fighting with Takashima for several years. Now, it seems that the Chinese fir army seems to be a little poor, but after all, it has no ability to destroy the North Island family at once. The war has been in a state of tug-of-war. Finally, under the leadership of General Ashikaga Yoshiaki, the two sides reconciled, and Kosuke Kitajima sent his seventh son, Saburō Kitajima, to Shang Yueshan's house as an adopted son as a hostage. Later, out of deep love for his son, Uesugi Chinobu gave him his previous name, that is, Uesugi Kyoto (that is, Uesugi Chinobu) whom readers wrote to ask.

There are also some rare cases. In order to improve his reputation, Ichiro, a farmer from Muxia, took a word from the surnames of Niwa Nagahide and Shibata Katsuie as his surname, which was ODA's etiquette. In order to improve his reputation, Ozaki Keihiro, a famous surname in the south of Hokkaido, took a pine word from Tokugawa Ieyasu's old surname Matsuhei and a previous word from Maeda Toshiie's surname, which was called Matsumae Keihiro. In fact, such an honor was very high at that time.

In addition, due to the outstanding contribution of Racecourse Xinchun to the Takeda family, he was guarded by Xinxuan, and the letter room was grateful. He quoted a sentence on the spot (the author can't remember) and changed his name to the racecourse Mino Shinchon. Sanada Masayuki's son Shinsuke married Tokugawa Ieyasu's adopted daughter (actually Benduo Zhongsheng's daughter) and took refuge in the Tokugawa family. Tokugawa Hideyoshi didn't like his father, Jia Kang, to appreciate Shinsuke so much, but there was nothing he could do, so he forced Shinsuke to change his name to Shinsuke, just to avenge himself.

In Japan during the Warring States period, there were many reasons for changing the surname, and more people changed their names. Perhaps this is a way to adapt to environmental changes in troubled times. Japanese surnames all have certain meanings. Taking place names as surnames is a major feature. For example, some people live at the foot of the mountain and take "Yamamoto" or "Yamamoto" as their surnames; Some people live near paddy fields, so they are called "fields". Many Japanese surnames end with the word "village", such as Nishimura, Okamura, Morimura and Kimura. These surnames were originally derived from place names or village names. In addition, there are many surnames that express natural phenomena, social life and ideology. From the sun, moon and stars to flowers, birds, fish and insects, from professional residence to religious belief, almost all can be used as surnames. For example, Takasaki, which means the prominent part of the island, is the square in front of the palace. Bai Niao and Little Bear are animals. Ruosong and Gaoshan are plants; Gao Qiao and torii represent buildings; Onodera and cylon expressed their religious beliefs; Qin is the surname of a naturalized person (that is, an immigrant) who moved to Japan from Asia and even all over the world in ancient times.

Japanese women should take their husband's surname after marriage, and the famous table tennis player changed his husband's surname to "Kurimoto" after marriage in Song Dynasty. After World War II, Japan's new civil law stipulated that both husband and wife could take their husband's surname or wife's surname according to prenuptial agreement. However, most Japanese women still take their husbands' surnames according to Japanese customs after marriage. Japanese names also have certain meanings. For example, loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith in names indicate ethics; Goodness, auspiciousness, happiness and Jia represent auspiciousness; Tortoise, crane, pine, Chiyo, etc. Represents longevity; Dai Jun and others represent a long time, while broadness, erudition, vastness and foreign land represent wisdom. Some words expressing death, illness and evil, such as death, thinness, hunger, bitterness, strangeness and evil, are taboo and generally do not need to be used as names.

Some names have specific meanings, such as Isoroku Yamamoto. Fifty-six was named after his father. He was fifty-six years old when he was born. Most Japanese men's names express mighty, handsome and loyal contents. Such as Kuroda in Xiong Jun, Xiao Ye in Takahiro, and Hideyoshi in Hotan. In addition, ranking is also a feature of male names. Such as: Ren Saburo, Chengshan Saburo and Xintian Jiro (the second son). Men's names are widely used. Generally speaking, there are many names that end with the words Lang, Xiong, Male and Fu, such as Hideyoshi Kobayashi, Beowulf Sakamoto and Kishi Nobusuke. Before the Meiji Restoration, many men were called "soldiers guards" or "left (right) guards". This class name originated in ancient times. In the eighth century AD, the emperor's court set up five military institutions, which were responsible for defending the emperor and the court respectively, namely, the Weimen House, the Left and Right Guards House and the Left and Right Guards House. Taiwan Province is called "the home of five guarantees". Originally known as "Bing Wei" or "Left (Right) Wei Men", most of them were non-commissioned officers working in governments at all levels, and some were immediate family members of these non-commissioned officers. However, these time-honored brands are rarely used nowadays.