Does anyone know what the information compiled by this person for the postgraduate entrance examination in China is like? Is it reliable? Taobao has a shop and a media lab. I think someone in the comments called him Xiao Er.
One of the misunderstandings is that you only read reference books without any necessary knowledge expansion.
Typical examples of candidates:
(1) You should be able to get by just reading reference books, right?
(2) Why can't I find some test sites specified in the syllabus in the reference books?
(3) There are many real questions over the years that can't be found in reference books, such as "What if it changes"?
Misunderstanding analysis:
It is a false proposition that China journalism has reference books. Since a few years ago, it has stopped specifying a bibliography and only provided an examination outline. However, as far as the current situation is concerned, such a set of reference books is still widely circulated on the Internet. These names are as follows:
Communication University of China Press;
A Course in Journalism Theory by Higher Education Press;
Media criticized Lei Yuejie Peking University Publishing House;
A Course of Chinese Journalism History Ha Qiuyan China Radio and Television Publishing House;
A Course of Foreign Journalism History Li Lei China Radio and Television Publishing House;
Modern Journalism Course (Revised Edition) Liang China Broadcasting Press;
News Writing Course, Liu Minghua Renmin University Press;
Tan Yunming, news editor of Communication University of China Press;
News review and electronic media Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang;
Introduction to literature and history, Wang, etc. Communication University of China Press.
I love and hate these books. I love them because they are my first step to know the news. Through them, I got a glimpse of the doorway and learned some basic concepts, events and methods. What I hate is that they take up too much of my precious time (I read it word for word during World War I), and the input-output ratio is seriously unbalanced. I've seen a lot, but I can't use much.
It is said that this 10 reference book was adapted by predecessors according to the items in the outline. If so, then these books can really be described as "reference books closest to the syllabus" With the passing from generation to generation, the status of these books has also undergone subtle changes-gradually evolved into "designated reference books" and became classics. However, after reading and using these books, later generations found some problems one after another, such as outdated news theory, media criticism that the book seems to be read for nothing, the writing style of foreign new history seems to be unsuitable for exams, and the serious shortage of news business control. ...
It can be seen that the reference books listed above do not correspond to the items in the syllabus one by one, and there are even many places that need to be improved, which also proves that there is no so-called "designated reference books" in China Communication Journalism. So it's not surprising that you come across several typical examples listed above when preparing for the exam. News changes in real time, and the research on news is constantly evolving. It is difficult to get an overall, systematic and comprehensive understanding of news only by books more than N years ago.
Review recommendations:
(1) About how to treat and use the above reference books.
Generally speaking, the above 10 reference books are outdated in some places, but their essence and core still have reference value, so we should pay attention to screening when reviewing. For interdisciplinary candidates, my advice is to read carefully in advance, which will help you build a macro framework and lay a good foundation for further study in the future. For the candidates of this major, they only need to understand the essentials quickly, and they don't have to read every word carefully, otherwise they will lose not only time, but also scores. The book Media Criticism is so strange that you don't even have to read it. )
(2) Take the outline as the key link and sort out the test sites.
The outline is the general grasp of your review and the general outline of doing the problem. You must treat the syllabus well. You must know the answers to all the contents required in the syllabus, but you don't have to guarantee that you can recite all the contents. What you have to do is: after you have a certain understanding of journalism (that is, after reading the reference books), reorganize the logical level of the exam outline, then draw the key points in the exam outline in combination with the real questions over the years, and finally decide the review depth of the test center according to the degree of the key points.
Be extensively involved in
If you don't listen to me, you're dead. First of all, you should appropriately broaden your horizons and look at the newly published textbook "News Basis". Of course, I suggest watching the media teacher make it up. Especially in the news industry, it is not enough to rely on the books listed above. When reading, we should consciously cultivate the skills of saving reading and speed reading, and focus on the core ideas and concepts. Secondly, after laying a good foundation, we should also browse more core journals in the industry (such as News Frontline and China Reporter, which can be downloaded from China HowNet). Need I tell you the benefits? This is the key to getting high marks.
Myth 2: I bought a lot of books and counseling materials, which made me unable to start.
Typical examples of candidates:
(1) I bought all the books and counseling materials recommended by my seniors and sisters. There are so many miscellaneous books. I don't know where to start. What should I do?
(2) The exam is coming, and there are still a few books to read. I was so worried!
(3) The authors of several books have different views. How should I choose?
Misunderstanding analysis:
Postgraduate entrance examination is a purposeful behavior with only one purpose, that is, to be admitted to graduate school. However, quite a few candidates seem to have forgotten this purpose when preparing for the exam. They buy a bunch of reference materials at random and bury themselves in the sea of books. They often don't know where to learn, but they add a little pressure to themselves. At this time, you should go back to the logical starting point of all your actions and reflect. What was my original intention? ..... Since our "initial dream" is to be admitted to graduate school, then we should have all the materials that can help us to be admitted to graduate school. This is a fact in itself. The mistake is that we will not deal with and use the endless books and counseling materials on the market.
When I say books and counseling materials, I mean journalism textbooks and counseling materials for postgraduate entrance examination prepared by various people in the market. Journalism textbooks are relatively systematic, and the general content can be understood through the catalogue, and the level is clear at a glance. Of course, due to the particularity of journalism, the knowledge is fragmented, and the links between chapters are not very close. Sometimes, it is difficult to review. Let's talk about the counseling materials prepared by various people. Speaking of this, it may offend a group of people, but I "just write it down". These counseling materials are mixed, not without good, but it does not rule out that some people see the business opportunities of the media's postgraduate entrance examination fever, keep papers whenever they have the opportunity, and always be the "first person" under the signboard of "authority" and "internal". In fact, they have a bad heart. They don't care about your future, they only care about their own money, which is really misleading. I am one of the victims, and I have a deep understanding.
So, what should I do?
Review recommendations:
(1) more is confused, less is clear.
Let's take the postgraduate entrance examination, don't compete with others for quantity, and don't panic at the sight of how many books others have read. The more books you read, the better. You should learn to simplify and prioritize each book. You should know which one you should read first and which one you can read later. Some chapters can be read (such as the news history of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), and some books can't be read at all because of lack of time (such as media criticism). This surface is a process of subtraction, but in fact it is a process of addition. If you delete meaningless places, you will have more time to read meaningful content. Only in this way can we collect four or two kilograms.
(2) lose soldiers and protect cars
If there are still unfinished books before the exam, consider their importance and throw them away decisively. Before that, you have mastered most of the key knowledge. If you have time, you can look through these supplementary materials, and if you don't have enough time, you can leave them out decisively. Before the exam, you should give yourself a "sense of fullness" in knowledge, and don't think that I still have a lot to see. In fact, what you haven't seen may not be tested. What are you afraid of as long as you master the essence?
(3) Give priority to the views of media teachers.
Birds are big, and there are all kinds of Woods. There are many books and opinions. What should we do? My suggestion is to give priority to the views held by media teachers, followed by the views recognized by the industry. You can disagree with the media teacher, but don't try to oppose him on the test paper. This is an emotional intelligence problem. Also, you can choose the best way to kill two birds with one stone, that is to say, various opinions. For example, to ask you the concept of news value, you can list several statements. This method is more convenient, you appear as a neutral, and the big coffee people don't offend anyone, but they are also knowledgeable.
Myth 3: rote memorization, inflexible.
Typical examples of candidates:
(1) When was Milton's On Freedom of the Press published? How could I forget again!
(2) Ask me what Huang Yuansheng's "four abilities" are, and I remember them all. But if you ask me what the revelation is, I don't know!
Misunderstanding analysis:
Undeniably, when the two courses of news basics and literature and history are combined, the amount of reciting is huge. Everyone has different methods of reciting. Some people like to shake their heads and recite, some people like to recite with music, some people like to read aloud, and some people like to recite in their hearts. There is only one purpose, that is, to deeply input knowledge into your mind so that you can freely output it at any time. But memory is not a simple mechanical input, and we cannot be a living library. News never requires you to be a bookworm who can only recite and recite. It requires you to be able to extrapolate, improvise, understand the nature of things and have the ability to think independently.
The first typical example listed above is such a situation: some candidates tend to be overly entangled in some specific things, such as time and place; The second typical example shows that some candidates can recite knowledge points, but their extension ability is not enough.
Review recommendations:
(1) Find the right reciting skills.
Briefly introduce the tips I usually use in various subjects for reference only.
The opposite of news theory is that important concepts (such as the definition of news) must be memorized word by word, while general concepts (such as news sensitivity) must be memorized in combination with their own understanding. Once asked when answering a question, you must be able to explain it in professional language and avoid colloquialism. Journalism theory is somewhat similar to postgraduate politics. Answer short questions and essay questions in one, two, three and four points. Just remember the core content of each point, and the answer doesn't need to be exactly the same as in the book.
The backtracking method of news history is:
A. key memory method. For historical events, remember the background, process and influence of substantive events; For historical figures, we mainly remember their news activities, news works and influences. Don't worry too much about the specific time and other priorities, just know in what century and age.
B. adopt keyword memory method. Condense a long memory into several key words, memorize the key words, and then slowly expand yourself. This practice is efficient and focused.
C. thematic summary method. For example, the establishment of China's news thoughts in different periods, the development and evolution of China's broadcasting industry and other topics.
D. Recite with historical pictures.
The reverse of news business is that in view of the flexibility of business, it must be handled flexibly when reciting. Business matters are not so rigid, as long as they are reasonable and effective.
The back method of literature and history synthesis is:
A. keyword memory method.
B For literature, focus on reciting the writer's representative works and their contents, writing style and influence on later generations.
C for history, focus on reciting the background, causes (root causes, direct causes), main characters in the event and the impact of the event. Some events with a large span can be recited and outlined appropriately without being too detailed.
D. Take a few entries from the catalog at any time to test yourself, start writing, and go back and forth. Remember that diligence can make up for it.
(2) Interdisciplinary connection, and strive to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study.
Memory should not be a simple linear, point-to-point input process. In the process of storing information, the newly stored information should interact effectively with the previously stored information, thus completing an association process. Only in this way, the current new knowledge and the old knowledge in the past can confirm each other and achieve the effect of deep memory.
Take Huang Yuansheng's "four abilities" (that is, thinking, running, listening and writing) as an example. What can we think of from it? From the perspective of news history, his news practice and news thought have their own position in China's news history; In terms of news theory, it can be linked with news authenticity, news professionalism and news professional ethics. From the news business, his communication is necessary, and it can also be linked with the work style of journalists; From a practical point of view, you can think of going to the grassroots and so on.
When can you take out one thing? You can draw inferences from others, and you will be fine.
The fourth misunderstanding is opportunism, focusing only on the key points.
Typical examples of candidates:
(1) You won't take the exam unless it's important. There's no need to waste any more time.
(2) Look at the real questions over the years and you will know what you have tested. Just memorize the commonly used exams!
Misunderstanding analysis:
This phenomenon appears more in the literature and history review. According to the investigation in recent years, the strategy of writing questions in Communication University has changed. In the past, the repetition rate of real questions was quite high, reaching the point where you can cope with the exam only by reciting real questions. Not now. Why don't you recite a real question for me? It can be seen that we should review in a down-to-earth manner, don't take shortcuts, and try our luck. Note that this is an optional exam, not a passing exam. What does choice mean? Others will, I think, others will not, I think!
Review recommendations:
(1) Holographic Review
Don't leave a dead end for knowledge. For those who may take the exam, we must master it and not be lazy. Need I say more about this? Believe that heaven rewards diligence.
(2) About how to treat and use the real questions over the years.
The real questions of these years are simply too important for us. Understand the review points through real questions. Through real questions, we can find out the orientation of teachers' questions; Through real questions, we can also exclude some things that don't need to be recited ... So, what should we do in the face of real questions over the years?
I don't think we need to see anything before 2004. Some people ask for answers with real questions, but it is not necessary. We should focus on the real questions in the past five years and get the real questions. It depends on its topic setting, various scores, and study the teacher's problem-setting strategy. Through investigation, I want to know the direction of investigation, the style of questions and the key points of review. As for the answer, we can naturally get it in our daily review.
Myth 5: Over-trust predecessors' notes and neglect the establishment of their own knowledge system.
Typical examples of candidates:
(1) This elder brother or elder sister has been accepted. His notes must be great. I will be admitted on the basis of his notes.
(2) I also want to tidy up my notes, but it takes a lot of time in a mess.
Misunderstanding analysis:
Almost every candidate will sort out some notes during the review process. Some are very organized and interlocking; Have a plenty of essays, indulge in pen and ink. Notes have a strong recorder's personality to a certain extent, which is a reflection of people's individual thinking in the review of postgraduate entrance examination. Once in the first place, these notes will be regarded as masterpieces; But in case it falls into Sun Shan, these banknotes will be used as toilet paper. It's that simple. The reality is that a large number of people are superstitious about notes. Moreover, due to over-reliance on predecessors' notes, it is impossible to establish its own knowledge system.
I'm not denying the importance of notes. This is very important. It can help Xiao Bai get started quickly and teach new people some methods ... The question is, how to treat and use notes correctly? Is it necessary to take notes by yourself?
Review recommendations:
(1) Use other people's notes correctly
No matter how good the notes are, they belong to others. I can't write it, which means it hasn't arrived yet, and I still owe a little time. Don't worry. If your predecessors' notes are excellent, please don't miss them. Take them to study, see his review ideas and his preparation strategies. This is another way to communicate with people who have experienced it. I believe it will still be of great help to you. Of course, some notes are too rough to help you, and studying such notes will waste your energy. Pay attention to screening.
(2) It is more important than taking notes to establish your own knowledge system.
Whether to take notes in the preparation process depends on personal habits, and whether to take notes or not, a strict knowledge system should be established in your mind. In fact, the purpose of taking notes is also for this.
How to build your own knowledge system? Tell me about my personal practice. After reading the children's shoes in the second part of this article, I already know that I secretly sorted out 300 thousand words of notes during my work year. After resigning, I concentrated on preparing for the exam, continued to take notes, and finally took notes of more than 700,000 words. I am a perfectionist with more than 700,000 words. This is a big project. If I want to do it, I have to do it beautifully. After careful typesetting and drawing, it finally got rid of the traces of notes and became an official publication. The reason why it takes so much effort is that review can be "meaningful" and "simple but not simple". My notes are the summary and sublimation of the following information (it can be said that with it, I don't have to turn over these heavy books in review):
1. All "designated reference books"
2. Detailed explanation of journalism and communication notes and the real questions of postgraduate entrance examination;
3. Compendium of topics for review of postgraduate entrance examination in journalism and communication (journalism part);
4. Other notes and counseling materials on the market.
I don't advise you to do the same. As mentioned earlier, although it plays an extraordinary role in establishing a complete knowledge system, it is also extremely energy-consuming and harmful. If I hadn't practiced, it's hard to imagine living to this day. There are many ways to build a knowledge system. A wise man can tell by looking at the strokes. I used a stupid method.
Myth 6: Using your brain and mouth means not writing and despising critical writing.
Typical examples of candidates:
It is enough to look at the people's evaluation. "Recite three hundred Tang poems, and you can recite them without writing poems!"
Misunderstanding analysis:
How can you learn news without writing comments? In recent years, teachers have paid more and more attention to comments. The basic subject of journalism, comments have been tested, and the score has risen to 30 points; In the comprehensive examination of literature and history, political papers firmly occupy the position of 50 points, and with the score of ancient Chinese reading 10, critical writing accounts for nearly one-third of the whole journalism examination! Unfortunately, a considerable number of people, whether professional or not, have neglected the writing of comments. In the 20 13 exam, everyone generally reflected that the score of literature and history was low, but the recitation part was good. What is the explanation? Some people say that scoring is only one aspect. Since scoring is one thing, why not lack high scores? The problem lies in political papers.
Review recommendations:
(1) Select a high-quality comment source.
For example, People's Daily's important speech library and China Youth Daily's freezing point commentary. People who often use mobile phones to surf the Internet can also download various news clients to subscribe to comment sections and cultivate the habit of reading comments.
(2) Pay attention to current events and understand hot topics.
In recent years, the real questions of postgraduate entrance examination are more and more in line with reality, such as "Guo Meimei Incident" and microblog anti-corruption. Pay attention to current events, on the one hand, you can know the ins and outs when you meet these topics, so that you can face them calmly and not be confused; On the other hand, you can also accumulate necessary materials for writing other comments for yourself. It is worth mentioning that current events cannot be skimmed, and controversial hot events depend on relevant in-depth reports. Nan Zhou depth recommends you to have a look.
(3) start writing, into the brain into the heart
Practice often. After a hot news comes out, you can try to distribute comments. After writing, compare it with authoritative comments, learn from each other's strengths and make up for them step by step.
Myth 7: Lack of experience and confusion in the written examination room.
Typical examples of candidates:
(1) I have a lot to write, and I didn't finish it when I handed in the paper!
(2) I clearly wrote the main points. Why is my score so low?
Misunderstanding analysis:
When you enter the written examination room (initial or second examination), your hand is doomed to suffer from the moment when the test paper is handed out. Write for three hours in a row to test your physical strength, brain power and endurance. I remember that during World War I, it took me three hours to complete the examination paper at the slowest speed of writing one word every 1.5 seconds. At that time, many people exclaimed that they had not finished writing the paper, and I was secretly glad that I had finished it.
Why can't you finish the exam? I think, first, because I didn't practice in advance and I didn't have enough experience, I couldn't plan and control the answering time from the overall situation; Second, if you don't write for a long time, your back will be bare. Often forget words and delay time; Third, the number of words in various types of questions (that is, noun explanation, short answer questions, essay questions) is not well controlled, which affects the answering time.
Why do some people get the right answer, but their scores are still so low? This is more complicated. Maybe it's because of poor handwriting, maybe the answer level is not clear enough, which makes it difficult for the teacher to judge the paper, or maybe the main points are correct, but they are not well combined with reality.
Review recommendations:
(1) Simulate the answer sheet in advance
I suggest you take a mock exam before the exam. On the one hand, you should practice words to speed up, and more importantly, design the time limit for answering questions from a macro perspective. For example, if the exam starts at 8: 30, then I must finish the noun explanation of news theory before 8: 45, the short answer part of news theory before 9: 00 and all the questions of news theory before 9: 30. ...
(2) How to allocate the number of words for various types of questions?
In fact, there is no express provision. Tell me my opinion: write a five-or six-line noun explanation (150-200 words or so), never make a long speech, just pick the most important words. Short answer questions should be properly developed relative to noun solutions, and the number of words should be controlled at about 500 words. The essay questions should be written from the overall situation, as systematic and comprehensive as possible, with clear levels, and the whole set should be voluminous and more than 1000 words.
(3) Basic writing skills
I'm afraid the only contact between the teacher and you in the first exam depends on this set of papers. This set of papers is your face, and what your facial features look like depends entirely on you. You may not be handsome enough, but you can have good facial features; You may not be beautiful enough, but the teacher can imagine you as a beautiful woman through the test paper. So, take your every shot seriously! The strokes are not required to be vigorous, but the handwriting must be neat and straight. An ugly test paper, even if the answer is correct, but the marking teacher doesn't even want to read it again, how can he get high marks? This is writing. The other is the hierarchy. The answer should be layered, not only the so-called first, second and third points, but also a formal aesthetic feeling. You should be good at expressing the level of answering questions by means.