How many vowels are there in Mandarin?
Vowels are equivalent to consonants, and vowels and consonants are determined according to the timbre characteristics of phonemes, among which loud sounds are vowels. When vowels are pronounced, the air flow through the oral cavity and nasal cavity is not blocked, and the vocal cords are bound to vibrate, which is loud and can be prolonged. The pronunciation of vowels mainly depends on the oral morphology, that is, the level of tongue position, the front and back of tongue position, round lips and non-round lips. Therefore, vowels can be divided into tongue vowels, tongue tip vowels and rolled tongue vowels. Of the 10 vowels in Putonghua, the first seven are tongue vowels, the last two are tongue-tip vowels, and the last one is a roll vowel.
The specific pronunciation parts and methods of Mandarin 10 vowels are as follows:
1, ι [a] lingual, middle, low, non-round lip vowel.
When pronouncing, the mouth is naturally wide, the lips are flat, the tongue is in the middle, the middle of the tongue surface is slightly raised, the gums are placed on the tip of the tongue, and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
2.o[о] vowel, with tongue surface, back, half height and round lips.
When pronouncing, the mouth is half closed, the lips are round, the tongue is retracted, the back of the tongue surface is slightly raised, and the vocal cords vibrate after the tip of the tongue is placed under the gum. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
3.e[γ] vowel, tongue surface, back surface, half height, non-round lips
When pronouncing, the mouth is half closed, the lips are flat, the tongue retracts, the back of the tongue surface is slightly warped, the sides of the tongue surface are slightly curled, the middle of the tongue surface is slightly concave, the tip of the tongue is placed behind the lower gum, the corners of the mouth are slightly spread to both sides, and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
4. Vowels with [ε] tongue surface, front, semi-low and non-round lips
When pronouncing, the mouth naturally opens, the lips are flat, the tongue stretches forward, the front of the tongue is slightly lifted, the tip of the tongue is close to the back of the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are slightly opened to both sides, and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
In Mandarin, strictness is only used in the modal particle "one". I don't spell any consonants, only complicated vowels ie and üe, and the additional symbol "?" Omit when writing. .
5. i[i] vowels with tongue surface, front, high and non-round lips.
When pronouncing, the mouth is slightly open, the lips are flat, the upper and lower teeth are opposite, the tongue is stretched forward, the front of the tongue is slightly lifted, and the tip of the tongue is close to the lower teeth, the corners of the mouth are slightly spread to both sides, and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
6.u[u] vowel, tongue surface, back, high, round lips
. When pronouncing, the mouth is slightly open, the lips are round, the tongue is retracted, the back of the tongue is raised to face the soft palate, and the gums are placed behind the tip of the tongue and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
7.[y] Tongue vowels, front lips, high lips and round lips
When pronouncing, the mouth is slightly open, the round lip (nearly oval) protrudes slightly forward, the tongue stretches forward, the front of the tongue is slightly bulging, and the vocal cords vibrate after the tip of the tongue abuts against the lower teeth. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
8. Frontal roll tongue, center, middle and non-round lip vowels
. Er is in [? ] and tongue rolling. When pronouncing, the mouth naturally opens (half the opening of A [α]), the lips are flat, the tongue is centered, the tip of the tongue rolls up to the middle of the hard palate (but does not touch), and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages.
9.-i (front) vowel with tip of tongue, front, high and non-circular lips.
. When pronouncing, the mouth is slightly open, the lips are flat, the corners of the mouth are spread to both sides, the tongue is flat, the tip of the tongue is close to the back of the upper teeth, and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages. The pronunciation of z, c and s is lengthened, and the lengthened part is the pronunciation of -i (before).
10, -i (back) vowel with tip of tongue, back, high, non-round lip.
. When pronouncing, the mouth is slightly open, the lips are flat, the corners of the mouth are spread to both sides, the tip of the tongue is upturned, close to the front of the hard palate, and the vocal cords vibrate. The soft palate rises, closing the nasal passages. The pronunciations of zh, ch and sh are all lengthened, and the lengthened part is the pronunciation of -i (after).