On the Origin of Tian Heng Sea Festival
After careful planning, packaging and promotion by local * * *, this ancient festival has developed into a well-known folk festival brand in Shandong and even the whole country, and it is also a carnival ceremony that modern people are fascinated by, attracting countless Chinese and foreign tourists and experts in folk customs and economic policies from all over China every year.
In 2008, Tian Heng Sea Festival was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list and won the "Best Public Participation Award" of the first China Festival.
Qingdao Jimo Tianheng Festival is a program representing the marine culture of Qingdao, which has a unique connotation. At present, Zhougezhuang, which has a history of 500 years, has become the biggest festival in northern China.
The first thing in Zhou Gezhuang's sacrifice to the sea is the steamed noodle sculpture.
This dough sculpture is called "cake" in North Renye Fang, four days ahead of schedule.
For five days, women were busy running around, discussing new tricks, and didn't start making until they were satisfied.
The weight of dough sculpture is generally more than two kilograms.
Traditional shapes include Shoutao (a kind of bread made by local people on festive occasions). Now women have designed plum blossoms, peonies and other decorations on Shoutao. These decorations are "Shuang Yan plays in spring, and the Eight Immortals cross the sea".
Panlong (known locally as Shen Chong and Shengchong, which means "sacred" in grain depot and wallet) has a head, eyes, a body and a tail, and the materials are vivid, so it should be painted in various colors.
Then choose three kinds of animals: pigs, chickens and fish.
Black-haired boar is more suitable for pigs. The bigger the boar, the better. Shaving after slaughter, leaving only a pinch of black hair on the pig's neck (representing the whole pig has hair), and hanging a red ribbon tied with red silk on the pig's head and neck.
Chicken should choose red rooster, and fish should use sea bass.
Sacrifice: Before sunrise this morning, fishermen set up a sacrifice table on the beach in front of Longwang Temple, with three animals, such as steamed bread, cakes, fruits, wine, candy and peanuts.
In front of each group of tables, a bunch of "vertical tassels" four or five meters high tied with bamboo poles should be erected (a sign of submarine netting).
Set the yellow cardboard and incense burner to be burned, and put a few loud firecrackers around the bamboo pole in a line. At the same time, put the pairs written by each ship on the zhaobi in front of Longwang Temple.
Memorial: The sooner the time to worship the sea, the better. There is a saying that get rich first.
The ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sea began, firecrackers exploded and people began to burn incense paper.
With the sound of firecrackers, the ship owners began to throw a lot of candy into the air, and everyone on the beach rushed to grab the candy. Whoever picks up more candy is the lucky one that year.
Fishermen also believe that firecrackers ring for a long time, and whoever has a boat will prosper and make a fortune a year.
Therefore, most people who sacrifice to the sea are firecrackers with a sound of 1000 and 10000.
Some boatmen tied several whips to big wooden poles and set them off at the same time, which was bustling and lively.
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Nowadays, Zhou Gezhuang's offering sacrifices to the sea is no longer superstitious, but has gradually become a folk activity along the coast of Tian Heng.
The form and content of offering sacrifices to the sea have also changed from the traditional offering sacrifices to the gods to the grand festival of sending fishermen out to sea and wishing the fishing industry a bumper harvest-the folk festival of offering sacrifices to the sea.
Every year from March 20th to March 22nd, it is the time to worship the sea.
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Since 2004, Tian Heng Town * * * has organized the excavation, sorting, classification and archiving of folk data on sea sacrifices, and officially published the Folk Sea Sacrifice in Tian Heng.
Talking about Tian Heng, Tian Heng Sacrificing to the Sea, Meeting Tian Heng, Tian Heng Serenade, Qian Wenzhong Telling Jimo, etc.
By attracting comprehensive and in-depth reports from domestic and foreign media, inviting TV stations, radio stations and other media to broadcast live, and setting up a column on the website to worship the sea, the visibility of the activities to worship the sea has been greatly improved, which has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life.
In 2004, Tian Heng Town * * * set up a festival preparatory committee, which was responsible for the excavation of cultural elements, site layout, fund-raising and equipment preparation, and guided fishermen to inherit and carry forward this traditional folk custom.
At the same time, the "Zhougezhuang Internet Festival" was renamed as the "Zhougezhuang Folk Culture Festival", adding folk cultural activities such as giant book performances, majestic gongs and drums, and yangko.
In 2005, it was renamed as "Tian Heng Folk Culture Festival in Sacrifice to the Sea", and the time was set at about March 18 every year, and the contents of folk performances such as drinking hard liquor, folk photography contest, sweet cake dough sculpture contest and folk discussion were added.
In 2006, Tian Heng Town officially named the sea festival as "Tian Heng Sea Festival", put forward the festival theme of "Harmony between Man and the Sea, Revitalizing China", and adjusted the new idea of holding festivals: "One festival every year, one festival every three years, government-run demonstration, folk subject, high-point positioning, sustainable development", with the aim of "saving the people", fishermen hold festivals themselves and precipitate them in time.
In 2009, jimo city * * * decided to hold the Tian Heng Sea Festival, and Tian Heng Town * * * hosted it. By further highlighting the festival theme of "Harmony between People and Sea, Prosperity and Security for the People", we will strive to build the largest marine festival in northern China with Tianheng people as the protagonist.
Tianheng Ocean Festival
During the annual sacrifice to the sea, Tian Heng Town will hold a folklore seminar in conjunction with Shandong Photographers Association, Qingdao Folklore Photographers Association, Qingdao Folklore Museum, Folklore Society and other folklore research institutions, and invite folklore experts to discuss in depth how to inherit and carry forward the folklore of the sea sacrifice.
At the same time, Tian Heng Town holds a photo contest every year, and holds a photo exhibition in Tianhou Palace in Qingdao, which strengthens the spread and exchange of the folk custom of offering sacrifices to the sea.
After several years of careful planning, Tian Heng Sea Festival has developed into a folk festival with the largest scale, the strongest fishing culture characteristics and the most complete preservation of the original sea sacrifice ceremony in China and even the three countries.
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Ten days before the annual sacrifice to the sea, fishermen's wives in Tian Heng Town are busy steaming steamed buns, each weighing about three or four kilograms, with various shapes such as peaches, worms and buckets.
Shoutao dough sculpture is decorated with double lion hydrangeas, dragons and phoenixes, magpies announcing spring and other patterns; The sacred worm looks like a dragon, circling around the lotus seat many times, which means that the financial resources are rolling; The shape of the barrel is like an old barrel filled with grain, and a small holy bug is made at the mouth of the barrel, indicating that there is grain and money, and there is still more than one year.
After being decorated with edible colors, these dough sculptures become works of art with folk characteristics.
Tianheng Ocean Festival
Near the day of offering sacrifices to the sea, men are busy choosing three kinds of animals. Big black boar is the best pig. Shaving after slaughter, leaving only a pinch of black hair on the pig's neck, and then tying it up with red silk to decorate the pig's head and neck.
Chickens should choose red-haired cocks, and fish should use sea bass.
The captains should ask the venerable old people in the village to write "Peaceful Wen Shu" on yellow paper.
When writing a peace article, you should point out an incense burner and give it to the five sacrificial gods, namely, the Dragon King, the Poseidon (the Queen of Heaven), the God of Wealth, the Fairy and the Guanyin Bodhisattva, in order to pray for a safe harvest.
Couplets should be written by fishermen with good calligraphy and literary talent in the village.
The day before the sacrifice to the sea, fishermen cleaned the Longwang Temple, hung red lanterns, put incense burners, put up sacrificial ceremonies, put up couplets and hung red.
At the same time, there is a pine and cypress dragon gate tied to the beach in front of Longwang Temple, with plaques, lanterns and red couplets hanging on it.
Ship owners are busy driving fishing boats with colorful flags to Wanqian Village, with their bows facing the sea, arranging fishing gear and nets neatly, and then anchoring and positioning, waiting for the formal ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sea the next day.
On the day of the sea sacrifice ceremony, fishermen began to repent on the beach in front of Longwang Temple by boat.
Bundles of several-meter-high "standing tassels" tied with bamboo poles stand in the wind, and the table is filled with dough-molded sacred insects, peaches, fish, various sweets and snacks. On the red painted low table in front of the table, the black-haired boar held his head high, and red rooster was full of energy.
The fishermen sorted out the yellow paper to be burned, set up incense burners and lifted thousands of red firecrackers into the air.
It was an auspicious day. When the priest announced the official start of the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sea, firecrackers exploded all at once, and people began to burn incense paper and light the written "Taiping Wen Shu" to kowtow.
Amid the firecrackers, the boatmen began to throw candy into the air. There is a saying that "whoever picks up more candy will be lucky that year."
Local fishermen dressed in ancient costumes solemnly invited King Jinlong one by one, believing that whoever set off firecrackers this year would prosper and make a fortune. Therefore, thousands of firecrackers are mostly sacrificed to the sea, and the boatmen set off thousands of firecrackers at the same time. The scene is very spectacular.
Since the Qing Dynasty, local people in Tian Heng have regarded Peking Opera as the main type of drama, and invited the troupe to sing for three days when offering sacrifices to the sea.
After the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sea, fishermen are used to dining on the boat, and guests are welcome to eat fish, meat and drink together. The more people come, the better, which means the more blessings you receive.
Nowadays, most people hold banquets at home to entertain relatives and friends who come to attend the ceremony, and sacrifices become the main food for dinner.
On the second day after the sacrifice to the sea, the fishermen went out to sea to start fishing for a year.
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Tian Heng Sea Festival is an integral part of China folk culture, which has strong academic research value, cultural value and social influence value.
Its deep Tian Heng Sea Festival
Its origin, continuation and development are of great reference value to the study of human progress, living environment, cultural and economic composition and development of coastal areas in China history. It is a living fossil reflecting the ancient coastal human culture, and has great anthropological and folklore research value.
The folk custom of offering sacrifices to the sea in Tian Heng embodies the idea of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and bears the brand of humanization and human progress. It has become a platform for cultural exchanges at home and abroad and for strengthening international marine culture, especially in the coastal countries of Southeast Asia.
Tian Heng's sacrifice to the sea has been handed down from generation to generation in the local area, with far-reaching influence, attracting more than 300,000 tourists from surrounding areas and at home and abroad every year. Various media and cultural products have effectively publicized the regional image, greatly enhanced the influence of the lifestyle of coastal fishermen on the public, and reminded people that China has not only khaki inland civilization, but also blue marine culture.
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Tianheng Ocean Festival
Jimo is located in Jiaodong Peninsula, bordering the Yellow Sea in the east and Laoshan Mountain in the south, so it is named because it is close to the Ink River.
The city now governs 18 towns, 5 sub-district offices, 1 economic development zones, 1 provincial tourist resorts, 1 provincial high-tech zones, 165438+ 10,000 hardworking and simple people, 1.78 square kilometers.
Tian Heng Town, jimo city is located at the northern foot of Laoshan Mountain, on the coast of the Yellow Sea. Named after Tian Heng, king of Qi, and 500 righteous men.
With a total area of 89.9 square kilometers, it governs 48 administrative villages with a population of 48,000. It has successively won the honorary titles of "Central Town of Shandong Province", "Health Town of Shandong Province", "Demonstration Town of Small Town Construction in the whole province" and "The most beautiful town to enrich the people in China".
There are many islands in Tian Heng, with mountains and seas alternating, bordering four bays: Aoshan Bay, Xianshan Bay, Hengmen Bay and Nudao Bay. There are 16 islands, including Tian Heng Island and Sanping Island. There are two golden beaches with an area of more than 5,000 mu, including Huangshan Mountain, Bijia Mountain and Xianshan Mountain.
The geographical position is superior, 60 kilometers away from Qingdao International Airport and 80 kilometers away from Qingdao Port, belonging to Qingdao 1 hour economic circle.
There is Niudao Port, a national second-class open port in the south, and Zhougezhuang first-class fishing port pier in the east, so the maritime traffic is very convenient.
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Sacrificing to the sea is a fisherman's culture with unique regional characteristics created by fishermen in their long-term farming, grazing and fishing life.
Every year around Grain Rain, fishermen celebrate the Tian Heng Sea Festival.
After the production of boats and fishing gear is ready, choose an auspicious day to bring the fishing net on board and start offering sacrifices to the sea, so it is also called "surfing the Internet".
Experts made textual research on ancient cultural sites in Tian Heng. As early as the Neolithic Age 6000 years ago, our ancestors made a living by fishing and hunting in Tianheng.
At that time, due to the limited level of understanding, people could not explain the mysterious phenomenon of nature and were deeply awed by the sea. When they went fishing at sea, they all prayed for peace to Poseidon.
During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, with the gathering of local population, villages gradually formed, and the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sea began to take shape.
In the early years of the Republic of China, the worship of Poseidon in Tian Heng was organized by families or ship groups.
Sacrificing to the sea, like the traditional Chinese New Year, is the most lively day in the fishing village.
With the improvement of production capacity, the popularization of science and technology and the change of fishermen's ideas, on the basis of retaining the traditional festival form, the worship of the ocean has gradually changed from praying for the safety of Poseidon to yearning and longing for a better life, forming a unique folk festival-Ocean Worship Festival.
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