What is the charm of classical Chinese? Where is the beauty?
Today's classical Chinese is an article composed of an ancient written language in China, mainly including the written language based on spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were no articles for writing, but bamboo slips, silk books and other things were used to write. With the change of history and the evolution of spoken language, the difference between classical Chinese and spoken language has gradually expanded, and "classical Chinese" has become the exclusive language of scholars.
After the modification of literati in past dynasties, it became more and more flashy. Han Yu, a great writer in the Tang Dynasty, initiated the "ancient prose movement" and advocated returning to popular ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
Extended data:
First of all, the word is ambiguous.
The usage of Chinese characters is extremely complicated, and a word often has multiple meanings and usages. Polysemy is very common in ancient Chinese and even modern Chinese. Polysemy is also a common problem in classical Chinese reading and examination. To grasp the ambiguity of a word, we should pay attention to its original meaning, extended meaning, figurative meaning and borrowed meaning.
Understanding the original meaning and extended meaning of a word is the basic way to master polysemy. The basic meaning of a word is called "original meaning" and the meaning derived from the original meaning is called extended meaning. In addition, figurative meaning is the meaning produced by analogy, and loanword meaning is the meaning formed by loanwords.
Second, the classical Chinese sentence patterns
Classical Chinese sentence patterns are basically the same as modern Chinese sentence patterns. It is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences, both of which have six major components: subject, predicate, object and definite complement. The word order of sentences is basically the same. Of course, there is still a difference between the two. When learning classical Chinese sentences, we should try our best to grasp the differences between classical Chinese sentences and modern Chinese sentences.
Although the sentence patterns of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are basically the same, there are some special sentence patterns because some entity words in classical Chinese are different from those in modern Chinese.
If you want to learn classical Chinese well, understand the meaning of sentences correctly and understand the content of the article, you must master the special sentence patterns of classical Chinese. We often say that the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese are judgment sentences, ellipsis sentences, inversion sentences, passive sentences and fixed sentences.
Baidu encyclopedia-classical Chinese