Is it true that the wooden cow is still alive?

1700 years ago, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, invented the wooden ox and flowing horse, but what kind of transportation is this? For thousands of years, people have put forward various views and debated endlessly. Looking up the history books, the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang records: "Brightness is better than ingenuity, and gains and losses are even unexpected." "The Legend of the Three Kingdoms and the King" records: "In the nine years of Jianxing, Liang returned to Qishan, transported cattle and returned grain; In the spring of the twelfth year, I learned that the masses were out of the valley. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan, Sima Wangxuan and Weinan. " It is clearly pointed out in the above records that Liu Ma, a wooden cow, was indeed an invention of Zhuge Liang, and Liu Ma, a wooden cow, were two different tools. In terms of the time sequence of using Liu Ma, there were cows first, then Liu Ma, and Liu Ma was an improved version. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Pei Songzhi annotated the History of the Three Kingdoms, quoted the now lost record of Mu Niu Liu Ma in Zhuge Jiliang, described the image of Mu Niu Liu Ma, and recorded some dimensions of Liu Ma. However, because there are no physical objects and characters left to future generations, the understanding of Mu Niu Liu Ma is always rare. 200 years after Zhuge Liang made Mu Niu Liu Ma, it is said that Zu Chongzhi, a scientific genius in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, made Mu Niu Liu Ma. "The Biography of Zu Chongzhi in Southern Qi Dynasty" said: "Zhuge Liang's wooden ox is a horse, not because of Feng Shui, but because of machines, and no manpower is needed." It is hard to understand that he didn't leave any detailed information either. However, the record of Zu Chongzhi's creation of Cowherd Liu Ma provides evidence for the main point of "automatic machinery" in Cowherd Liu Ma. It is considered that it is very common to manufacture machinery with gears in the Three Kingdoms period, and Liu Ma, a wooden cow admired by later generations, should be an automatic machinery manufactured by using the gear principle. In Huangsha Town, Mianxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, historical records show that this is where Zhuge Liang made wooden cattle and horses. According to textual research, Zhuge Liang used Liu Ma, a cattle herder, three times during the eight-year Northern Expedition. It is from here that Mu Niu Liu Ma walked a 250-kilometer plank road and reached the front line of Wuzhangyuan in Qishan. The local old man described the legendary wooden ox and flowing horse to us: "The horse's head is made of wood, and then the horse's body is composed of other scattered pieces, and then the horse's legs are assembled." A gear is installed in the middle of the belly, and there is a wrench behind the Trojan horse. When operating, step by step. " As can be seen from this legend, the wooden ox and flowing horse have gears, and it seems that it also uses the lever principle. Not long ago, Liang, an ordinary rural teacher in Botou, Hebei Province, said that he had found Mu Niu Liu Ma himself and was very successful. Our reporter made a special trip with great interest. The wooden cattle and horses made by Liang are all wooden machines with four legs and empty hearts, which can carry loads. Press and lift the horse's neck, and the flowing horse will walk with open legs; The wooden cow walks by pressing the back of the shaft. According to Liang, his wooden ox and flowing horse are consistent with historical records in principle: "Wooden ox and flowing horse are alike." There is a long labor-saving arm behind the wooden cow, which is biaxial; The labor-saving arm of a flowing horse is its long neck, which looks like an elephant. More subtly, Liang immediately realized the secret lock on his functional flow. As soon as he twisted his tongue, the horse's head was locked and he couldn't walk, which was very consistent with the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. However, Liang's resumption of cattle grazing was opposed by another faction. Guo Qinghua, director of Mianxian Museum in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province and director of the Three Kingdoms Cultural Research Center in Shaanxi Province, believes that Liu Ma, a cattle herder, can't have four legs: "The plank road is paved with wooden boards, and the gap in the middle is different. How do four legs walk on a cracked board? Even if you walk on a non-plank road, you are climbing, and you need to pull forward and push back. You can't pull or push it with four legs. Therefore, the wooden cow must have wheels. " Why does Guo Qinghua think that wooden cows and flowing horses should have wheels? This can also be found in historical records. Guo Qinghua believes that Mu Niu Liu Ma should be a four-wheeled vehicle: "In the production method of Mu Niu Liu Ma, when introducing Liu Ma, it is said that Liu Ma has a front axle and a rear axle. Everyone knows that a wheel is a shaft, and a shaft is equipped with two wheels, so I think it should be four wheels. " Does a wooden ox have wheels or four legs? There are the following written records in the Northern Song Dynasty: "There is a small car in Shu, which pushes eight stones alone and looks like a bull's head in front; There is also a cart with four people pushing it and carrying ten stones. "In the Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng's book" The Origin of Things "also recorded:" The wooden ox has a front axle today; This horse is the only pusher today. "Qing dynasty Manchu water conservancy expert Lin Qing, also put the water at that time. ......

Is it true that Zhuge Liang invented the wooden ox and the flowing horse?

There are also some wooden cows and horses, which are not as magical as those written in the novel. They are just transportation tools made according to mechanical principles.

Please accept it, thank you!

Do Zhuge Liang's wooden cows and horses really exist? What is the principle? Why did you leave by yourself?

1700 years ago, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, invented the wooden ox and flowing horse, but what kind of transportation is this? For thousands of years, people have put forward various views and debated endlessly.

Looking up the history books, the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang records: "Brightness is better than ingenuity, and gains and losses are even unexpected." "The Legend of the Three Kingdoms and the King" records: "In the nine years of Jianxing, Liang returned to Qishan, transported cattle and returned grain; In the spring of the twelfth year, I learned that the masses were out of the valley. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan, Sima Wangxuan and Weinan. " It is clearly pointed out in the above records that Liu Ma, a wooden cow, was indeed an invention of Zhuge Liang, and Liu Ma, a wooden cow, were two different tools. In terms of the time sequence of using Liu Ma, there were cows first, then Liu Ma, and Liu Ma was an improved version.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Pei Songzhi annotated the History of the Three Kingdoms, quoted the now lost record of Mu Niu Liu Ma in Zhuge Jiliang, described the image of Mu Niu Liu Ma, and recorded some dimensions of Liu Ma. However, because there are no physical objects and characters left to future generations, the understanding of Mu Niu Liu Ma is always rare.

200 years after Zhuge Liang made Mu Niu Liu Ma, it is said that Zu Chongzhi, a scientific genius in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, made Mu Niu Liu Ma. "The Biography of Zu Chongzhi in Southern Qi Dynasty" said: "Zhuge Liang's wooden ox is a horse, not because of Feng Shui, but because of machines, and no manpower is needed." It is hard to understand that he didn't leave any detailed information either.

However, the record of Zu Chongzhi's creation of Cowherd Liu Ma provides evidence for the main point of "automatic machinery" in Cowherd Liu Ma. It is considered that it is very common to manufacture machinery with gears in the Three Kingdoms period, and Liu Ma, a wooden cow admired by later generations, should be an automatic machinery manufactured by using the gear principle.

In Huangsha Town, Mianxian County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, historical records show that this is where Zhuge Liang made wooden cattle and horses. According to textual research, Zhuge Liang used Liu Ma, a cattle herder, three times during the eight-year Northern Expedition. It is from here that Mu Niu Liu Ma walked a 250-kilometer plank road and reached the front line of Wuzhangyuan in Qishan.

The local old man described the legendary wooden ox and flowing horse to us: "The horse's head is made of wood, and then the horse's body is composed of other scattered pieces, and then the horse's legs are assembled." A gear is installed in the middle of the belly, and there is a wrench behind the Trojan horse. When operating, step by step. " As can be seen from this legend, the wooden ox and flowing horse have gears, and it seems that it also uses the lever principle.

Not long ago, Liang, an ordinary rural teacher in Botou, Hebei Province, said that he had found Mu Niu Liu Ma himself and was very successful. Our reporter made a special trip with great interest.

The wooden cattle and horses made by Liang are all wooden machines with four legs and empty hearts, which can carry loads. Press and lift the horse's neck, and the flowing horse will walk with open legs; The wooden cow walks by pressing the back of the shaft. According to Liang, his wooden ox and flowing horse are consistent with historical records in principle: "Wooden ox and flowing horse are alike." There is a long labor-saving arm behind the wooden cow, which is biaxial; The labor-saving arm of a flowing horse is its long neck, which looks like an elephant. More subtly, Liang immediately realized the secret lock on his functional flow. As soon as he twisted his tongue, the horse's head was locked and he couldn't walk, which was very consistent with the description in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

However, Liang's resumption of cattle grazing was opposed by another faction. Guo Qinghua, director of Mianxian Museum in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province and director of the Three Kingdoms Cultural Research Center in Shaanxi Province, believes that Liu Ma, a cattle herder, can't have four legs: "The plank road is paved with wooden boards, and the gap in the middle is different. How do four legs walk on a cracked board? Even if you walk on a non-plank road, you are climbing, and you need to pull forward and push back. You can't pull or push it with four legs. Therefore, the wooden cow must have wheels. "

Why does Guo Qinghua think that wooden cows and flowing horses should have wheels? This can also be found in historical records. Guo Qinghua believes that Mu Niu Liu Ma should be a four-wheeled vehicle: "In the production method of Mu Niu Liu Ma, when introducing Liu Ma, it is said that Liu Ma has a front axle and a rear axle. Everyone knows that a wheel is a shaft, and a shaft is equipped with two wheels, so I think it should be four wheels. "

Does a wooden ox have wheels or four legs? There are the following written records in the Northern Song Dynasty: "There is a small car in Shu, which pushes eight stones alone and looks like a bull's head in front; There is also a cart with four people pushing it and carrying ten stones. "In the Song Dynasty, Gao Cheng's book" The Origin of Things "also recorded:" The wooden ox has a front axle today; This horse is the only pusher today. "Manchu? ......

Why did you lose the wooden ox and the flowing horse?

Not only is the structure too complicated, but the wood hardness is not high. Even if the worn parts are covered with copper sleeves and steel sleeves, the wear is very serious, so it cannot be popularized in the wood age.

Is it true that Zhuge Liang made a wooden ox and a flowing horse during the Three Kingdoms period? If so, what scientific principles are used?

Controversial, but not impossible. From the structural point of view, the wooden cow adopts a power-assisted mechanism, and a flywheel mechanism may be added inside. Judging from his execution, there are gear mechanisms and crank-connecting rod mechanisms used in it. When a person pushes a wooden cow, the crank-connecting rod mechanism inside drives the flywheel through a gear. After the flywheel is executed, the inertia of the flywheel helps the wooden cow, thus achieving the purpose of saving labor.

Liu Ma's structure is actually a scooter, but the center of gravity and load-bearing parts are changed, which is more labor-saving than the previous scooter. Ios world, unify the world waiting for you to fight!

Is it true that the ox-flowing wooden horse in the Three Kingdoms period?

That's a wooden cow and horse, isn't it? ————————————————————— Pay attention to the last sentence. . Wooden Oxen and Gliding Horses

Lu Guo Mu Niu Liu Ma

Cattle herding Liu Ma can be traced back to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Wang Chong's book Lun Heng, Lu Ban, a famous carpenter in Lu State, made a wooden chariot and horse for his old mother Gong Qiao. "The authorities have it and cannot drive it back."

Sheng Guo Mu Niu Liu Ma

Perhaps it was inspired by Luban's wooden chariots and horses. About 700 years later, Zhuge Liang invented the wooden ox and flowing horse in the Three Kingdoms period, and used it to transport rations on the rugged plank road, and "if people don't work hard, cows don't eat." Compared with Wang Chong's few words about Luban's wooden chariots and horses, the descriptions of Zhuge Liang's wooden horses and horses in The History of the Three Kingdoms are vivid, vivid and extremely detailed. But I don't know why, Chen Shou and Luo Guanzhong said nothing about the principle and technology of making Liu Wu.

The one hundred and twentieth chapter of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Sima Yi occupied Wei Qiao in the north, and Zhuge Liang was a wooden ox and a flowing horse", describes that Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan six times and captured Meng Huo seven times, which had a great influence on the Central Plains. He invented a new type of transportation called "Mu Niu Liu Ma", which solved the problem of grain and grass transportation for hundreds of thousands of troops. This tool is more advanced than it is now. It does not need energy and will not cause an energy crisis.

Zhuge Liang made wooden horses and cattle to transport grain and grass. Since ancient times, there has been no conclusion about what a wooden cow is like. There are various statements, but none of them is more in line with the original state. I think the reason is that machinery is not familiar with history, and machinery manufacturers have no habit of textual research.

Cattle herding Liu Ma in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

More than 200 years later, Zu Chongzhi, a genius of science and technology in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, is said to have recreated the wooden ox and flowing horse. It's hard to understand that he didn't leave a photo message.

explore

First, read the introduction of Muniu Liuma in the book: the head is bent and the abdomen is square, with one foot and four feet, the head is at the collar, the tongue is in the abdomen, and the load is more and the line is less. A lone traveler is dozens of miles, and a group traveler is twenty miles. The person hanging is the cow's tongue, the person bending is the cow's rib, the person carving is the cow's tooth, the person standing is the cow's horn, and the cow holds up two shafts. People walk six feet, and cows walk four steps.

Liu Ma: The ribs are 3 feet 5 inches long, and the left and right sides are the same. The front axle hole is divided into four inches, the front foot hole is divided into four inches and five minutes, and there are two square capsules.

From the narrative in the book, the wooden cow is the device equivalent to the engine, while the flowing horse is just a device for loading things, which is equivalent to the car compartment.

From the structural point of view, the wooden cow adopts a power-assisted mechanism, and a flywheel mechanism may be added inside. Judging from his execution, there are gear mechanisms and crank-connecting rod mechanisms used in it. When a person pushes a wooden cow, the crank-connecting rod mechanism inside drives the flywheel through a gear. After the flywheel is executed, the inertia of the flywheel helps the wooden cow, thus achieving the purpose of saving labor.

Liu Ma's structure is actually a scooter, but the center of gravity and load-bearing parts are changed, which is more labor-saving than the previous scooter.

About this cow and that cow mentioned in the book, it's just the habit of China people to increase the mystery of wooden cows, as Zhouyi said, what the horse looks like and so on.

A wooden cow has four legs, which are actually wheels. There were no professional mechanical terms in ancient times, so the expressions of some parts were different from today.

There is speculation that wooden cows walk with their feet, but this requires a hydraulic mechanism, which is impossible under the conditions at that time. It is impossible to do it by hand. Because there are so many institutions used in this way, some institutions have not been invented at that time.

The reason why you can't walk with your tongue twisted is simple. There is an anti-reverse ratchet mechanism inside.

Of course, I only speculate based on the records in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. But it shouldn't be too far. I don't have detailed information about Liu Ma, a cow, at hand, but I guess from my experience.

There may be complicated imagination, but I think it is more reasonable, so the structure adopted is relatively simple, which is in line with the productivity situation at that time.

Our sages seem to join hands to keep the next eternal mystery to test the wisdom of our future generations.

R&D

Since then, ancient mysteries have attracted mysterious explorers from generation to generation. Needless to say, since 1956, seven cow Liu Ma research societies have been established spontaneously all over the country. ......

Was it invented by Zhuge Liang? Perpetual machine?

Cattle herding Liu Ma was a means of transportation invented by Zhuge Liang, prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms period, which was divided into cattle herding and Liu Ma. It was used by Zhuge Liang in the Northern Expedition from the 9th to 12th year of Jianxing (23 1-234). Its carrying capacity is "one-year-old grain", about 400 kilograms, and its daily trip is "dozens of special brigades, 20 miles in groups", providing food for 100 thousand troops in Shu. But the specific way and appearance are unknown now, and there are different interpretations of it.

Quoted from Baidu entry, only listening to stories.

What is the motivation and principle of Zhuge Liang's "wooden ox flowing horse"?

This is a unicycle. In the past, the front of the car was deliberately carved into the shape of cattle and horses. This is the continuation and application of feudal thought. The difference is that this kind of car uses manpower to move forward on narrow roads. Because of the wheel, it has more things than people themselves, not walking by themselves, but loading more. The description of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a bit demonized. He is not smart enough to design a device that moves by himself and has a clear destination. That's all.

Is the story of Zhuge Niang true?

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is completely different from the official history, and the more important 30 fictional deeds are the supplements to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms:

1 Cao "boat" borrowed an arrow: there is no such thing. This was done when Sun Jian and Sun Quan were fighting Liu Biao and Su Xu respectively when crossing the river. Zhou Yu, the ancestor of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, borrowed an arrow in Pinghua. )

Zhou Yu, who is narrow-minded, was invented by Luo Guanzhong to belittle Zhou Yu. Liu Bei rated Zhou Yu as "generous", Cheng Pu said, "You don't feel drunk if you are friends with Gong Jin", Chen Shou rated Zhou Yu's "sexual recovery", and Hong Mai, Su Dongpo and other ancients also spoke highly of Zhou Yu's character.

3 Debate Confucianism: There is no such thing, Zhuge Liang just met Sun Quan ... For example, Zhou Yu's intellectual stimulation, risks and serial schemes are all fictitious.

4 Borrowing the east wind: it is pure fiction (borrowing the east wind-the solstice in winter, with many southeast winds, is a natural disaster of Cao Cao, not a man-made disaster; )

5 Lost his wife and lost his soldiers: Sun Quan himself wanted to marry his sister to Liu Bei, a simple political marriage.

6 Zhuge Sanqi Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu is generous and will not be jealous of Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu didn't even pay attention to Zhuge Liang at that time. During the two years from the end of Battle of Red Cliffs to Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang did logistics work in Lingling area and never met Zhou Yu. As for the death of Zhou Yu, it was Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang, who expressed condolences on behalf of Shu.

7. Hanzhong: Liu Bei was the commander in chief at the front line of Hanzhong, and Zhuge Liang stayed in Chengdu to do logistics work.

Raiders of Shu 8: It was written by Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang.

nine

Guan Gong was a good woman: Cao Gong and Liu Bei surrounded Lu Bu and Yu Pi. Guan Yu opened the door and sent Qin for help and a wife, and Gong agreed to him. On the verge of breaking, it has repeatedly opened the public. There are different colors of public doubt, so I welcome in advance. Because I keep it for myself, I feel uneasy. From this point of view, Guan Sheng also has secular desires-here is Pei Songzhi's note quoted from unofficial history, not the original text of the Three Kingdoms; The story of diusim is not recorded in the official history. An official history written in biographies.

Only one maid of Dong Zhuo was recorded in the diary to collude with the corps commander Lu Bu.

10 seven in and seven out of Longbanpo: Zhao Yun's escort of his family to retreat is very dull.

1 1

Flooding the Seventh Army: Although this incident has its roots, it is far from the historical facts. This is a natural and man-made disaster, not man-made planning. The fictional pound and Guan Yu fight to the death, and the ban is pure slander. The biography of Guan Yu in the reflection of the Three Kingdoms and the biography of Yu Ban clearly state that it was autumn, with continuous rain, the Hanshui River soared and the water level on the plain was five or six feet high. Guan Yu's Jingzhou water army adapted to this weather, while Yu Jin and Pound led the northern army, but they did not adapt to the water war.

12 attacking Wei: There is no such thing as seven defeats and five wins, and there is no such thing as romance. In many places, defeat is written as victory, such as the battle of Chencang in the second Northern Expedition, which is actually defeat.

13 Guan Yu's One Knife Meeting: According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, it was not Guan Yu who went to see Lu Su, but Lu Su. The lonely hero of "going to the meeting with one knife" is not Guan Yu, but Lu Su. Putting the cart before the horse in the third performance, the "single knife" is the weapon of the sergeant, not the broadsword.

14 Huarong Road Guan Yuyi explained Cao Cao: This was invented by the author in order to vilify Cao Cao and establish the tall image of Guan Yu. It was Liu Bei who stopped Cao Cao at Huarong Road, but he was late, so Cao Ran took him away.

15. The burning valley above: It was a complete fiction when Kong Ming almost burned Sima Yi and Wei Yan.

16. The burning Bowangpo: It's not Zhuge Shi, it's Liu Bei. It happened in the seventh year of Jian 'an and the twelfth year of Jian 'an, and Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain.

17 herding cattle Liu Ma: Actually, herding cattle is a unicycle, and Liu Ma is a common four-wheeled vehicle today. The wooden ox is a four-wheeled vehicle, and the flowing horse is a pointed boat.

18. Zhuge Liang uses troops like a god: Zhuge Liang is good at logistics and internal affairs, but using troops is not his strong suit.

19 Borrow Jingzhou: Zhuge Liang has nothing to do. Borrowing Liu from Cao Cao was Lu Su's plan, and Lu Su advocated lending Liu Bei.

20

Mrs. Sun threw herself into the river: the marriage between Mrs. Sun and Liu Bei was originally just one of countless political marriages in history. It was Mrs. Sun who went to Jingzhou, but Liu Bei did not go to Soochow to get married. There is not much love between men and women here. When they got married, Liu Bei was nearly 500 years old, while Mrs. Sun was only about 20 years old, and the age difference was about 30 years old ... One was a macho man who coveted the throne, and the other was an arrogant woman who was willful and distrustful. How can he be happy? So, shortly after Liu Bei entered Yizhou, Sun Quan sent a boat to pick up his sister, and so did Mrs. Sun. ......

Going back to Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms, is it the human heart that makes science and technology lag behind?

This is the role of tradition.