Which dynasty did the Forbidden City belong to (who was the first emperor of the Forbidden City)?
The Forbidden City was built in the Ming Dynasty. The Forbidden City in Beijing is the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is located in the center of Beijing's central axis and is the essence of ancient court architecture in China. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on three halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 6,543.8+0.5 million square meters, more than 70 palaces and 9,000 houses.
It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden buildings in the world. The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle, the Ming emperor, and was based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle. It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city.
The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies. The center of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, collectively referred to as the last three palaces, which are the main palaces where emperors and empresses live.
Who was the first emperor of the Forbidden City?
The first emperor of the Forbidden City was Chengzu Judy of the Ming Dynasty.
The Forbidden City in Beijing is known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world, and 1987 is listed as a world cultural heritage. In the fourth year of Yongle, Judy of Ming Taizu wrote to build the Beijing Palace and the city wall on the basis of the Nanjing Palace, which was completed on 1420.
Judy was the fourth son of Ming Taizu and the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. In the 19th year of Yongle, namely 142 1 year, Ming Chengzu moved to Beijing. During his reign, the economy of the Ming Dynasty was prosperous, the national strength was strong, and the culture and martial arts of governing the country were greatly improved.
The Architectural Structure of the Forbidden City in Beijing
The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle, becoming the palace of the twenty-four emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Palace Museum was formally established and opened on the 14th National Day of the Republic of China.
The length of the Forbidden City in Beijing is 96 1 meter from north to south and 753 meters from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city. There are four gates in the Forbidden City, the meridian gate in the south, the Shenwu gate in the north, the Donghua gate in the east and the Xihua gate in the west. There is a graceful turret at the four corners of the city wall, and there is a folk saying that there are nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges to describe its complex structure.
The photos before the destruction of Yuanmingyuan are very scary.
China has a long history and culture, which makes us leave a lot of classical art, including China classical garden art. Among these garden landscapes, Yuanmingyuan occupies a very important position. Earlier, Suzhou was famous for a famous garden landscape, which was composed of Yuanmingyuan and its affiliated gardens, Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden, so we also called it Yuanming Three Gardens. There are more than 150 landscapes in Yuanmingyuan, which is also called "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens" by later generations.
In the eyes of artists from other countries, Yuanmingyuan is an incredible existence. It not only has exquisite garden design, perfect integration with natural landscape, but also stores countless rare treasures.
But such a rare art palace was eventually destroyed by the war. All the treasures in Yuanmingyuan were looted and the buildings in the park were reduced to ashes. Now we can see the Yuanmingyuan, with only a small part of the remaining buildings. Earlier, the photos before the destruction of Yuanmingyuan were exhibited in Britain, and each one was so beautiful that it made people cry.
At first, this garden landscape was the garden courtyard given by Emperor Kangxi to the emperor's fourth son. After Yongzheng came to power, the park was expanded, and Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden were built nearby, which formally formed the basic pattern of Yuanmingyuan.
Since then, although successive emperors have carried out a series of repairs to Yuanmingyuan, the overall structure has not changed much. Whenever it comes to midsummer, Yuanmingyuan becomes the emperor's summer resort, and they also handle official business in the park.
In everyone's opinion, Yuanmingyuan, a miracle of the world, should have been handed down all the time, but unexpectedly, the British and French allied forces launched an attack on our country, robbed all the treasures in the garden, and also caused some damage to Yuanmingyuan. After Emperor Tongzhi ascended the throne, he made a decision to repair Yuanmingyuan. However, due to the domestic economic situation at that time, there were many problems, so the repair work did not completely restore Yuanmingyuan.
Nevertheless, under the arrangement of Emperor Tongzhi, many damaged places in Yuanmingyuan were restored. However, after Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China, Yuanmingyuan was looted and destroyed again, and the beautiful scenery in the former garden failed to be preserved after all.
I have to say that being beaten behind is an eternal truth. At that time, it was precisely because of the backward development of China and the invasion of the motherland by western powers that we failed to protect the artistic miracle of Yuanmingyuan.
Which dynasty was the Forbidden City built?
Beijing is the capital of Liao Dynasty, the last five feudal dynasties in the history of China, and also the capital of Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The following is the dynasty I sorted out. Let's have a look.
1 Beijing Forbidden City Architecture: Ming Dynasty
The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle, the Ming emperor, and was based on the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle. It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city. The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies. The center of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, collectively referred to as the last three palaces, which are the main palaces where emperors and empresses live.
The Forbidden City in Beijing is known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world, and is listed as a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction.
2 The construction process of the Forbidden City in Beijing
Beijing was originally the fief of Judy, the prince of Yan. After the war in Jingnan, in the first year of Yongle, Li Zhigang, the minister of rites, said that Yanjing Beiping was the emperor's "land of Longxing" and should be made the capital city, following the example of Fengyang in Ming Taizu. Therefore, Ming Taizu Chengzu vigorously promoted the position of Beiping House in Yanjing, taking Beiping as Beijing and changing Beiping House into Shuntianfu, which is called "in the line". At the same time, it began to resettle the population and enrich Beijing; The people who were forced to move to Beijing were refugees from all over the country, rich children in Jiangnan and businessmen in Shanxi.
In the fourth year of Yongle, Ming Taizu wrote a book to build the Beijing Palace and the city wall on the basis of Nanjing Palace. Emperor Chu first sent people to all parts of the country to mine precious wood and stones, and then transported them to Beijing. The preparatory work alone lasted 1 1 year. Most precious nanmu grows in the mountains, and people venture into the mountains to collect wood, and many people die for it. Later generations left "going into the mountains for 1000 and going out for 500" to describe the living cost of firewood collection. It is also very difficult to mine the stones for building the palace. At present, the largest single stone behind Baohe Hall is mined in Fangshan, southwest of Beijing. History records the scene of transporting it: thousands of laborers dig a well every mile or so on both sides of the road. In the cold winter, when the temperature is low enough, they pump water from the well and pour it into an ice road. It took 28 days to get it to the palace. In addition, we will also fire square bricks for Suzhou Royal Building, and Linqing, Shandong Province will also deliver tribute bricks to Beijing.
In the seventh year of Yongle, Ming Chengzu took Beijing as the northern expedition base, and at the same time began to build Changling in Changping near Beijing. Building the mausoleum in Beijing instead of Nanjing proves that Ming Chengzu has made up his mind to move the capital.
In the fourteenth year of Yongle, Ming Chengzu called ministers to formally discuss the move to Beijing. For the ministers who raised objections, Ming Chengzu dismissed or severely punished them one by one, and no one dared to oppose moving the capital again. The following year, the Forbidden City in Beijing, modeled after the Forbidden City in Nanjing, was officially started. In the eighteenth year of Yongle, Beijing Palace and Beijing City were built. Beijing Palace, based on Nanjing Palace, is slightly larger. The newly-built Beijing City, with a circumference of 45 miles, is a regular square, which conforms to the ideal capital shape of Zhou Li and Gong Ji. Ming Chengzu officially moved the capital by imperial decree, and changed Yingtianfu in Jinling to Nanjing and Shuntianfu in Beijing to be the capital. However, there are still six central institutions in Nanjing, which are called Nanjing Ministry and Nanjing is the capital.
The Forbidden City in Beijing in Ming Dynasty
After the completion of the Forbidden City, the court history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was more than 500 years, including the activities of queens, hierarchy, power struggles, religious sacrifices and so on. In the eighteenth year of Yongle, Beijing Palace was completed. The following year, a fire broke out and the first three halls were burned down. Orthodox five years, the reconstruction of the first three halls and Gan Qing Palace. Tianshun for three years, built Xiyuan. After four generations of Yongle, Hongxi, Xuande and Orthodox, it lasted for 20 years.
In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, and the first three halls, Fengtianmen, Wuwenlou and Wumen were all burned down. It was not until forty years later that Jiajing was completely rebuilt. During the Jiajing period, the names of the three halls in the Forbidden City were changed to Inner Palace, Relay Palace and Jianji Palace respectively.
In the twenty-fifth year of Wanli, a fire broke out in the Forbidden City, destroying the first three halls and the last three palaces. The reconstruction project was not completed until the seventh year of the apocalypse. In the Ming Dynasty, Gan Qing Palace was the master bedroom of the emperor and the main place for political activities. From Yongle Emperor Judy to Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian, * * * 14 emperors once lived here. Because the palace is large and spacious, the emperor once divided it into several rooms when he lived here. According to records, there were 9 NuanGe in Gan Qing Palace in the Ming Dynasty, which were divided into two floors, with a total of 27 beds, so that empresses could enter the palace. Because there are many rooms and beds, few people know where the emperor sleeps every night, just in case. Although the emperor lived in a maze of palaces and was heavily guarded, he still could not sit back and relax. According to records, after the "Renyin Palace Change" occurred in Jiajing period, Sejong moved to Xiyuan and was afraid to return to Gan Qing Palace. The "Red Pill Case" caused by Wanli Zheng Guifei being the Empress Dowager and the "Moving Palace Case" caused by Taichang Princess Li Xuan moving to Renshou Palace to be the Empress all happened in Gan Qing Palace. In the Ming Dynasty, Gan Qing Palace was also used as a place to mourn the emperor.
The Forbidden City in Beijing in Qing Dynasty
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng's army captured Beijing and the Ming Dynasty perished. Before Li Zicheng retreated to Shaanxi, he burned down the Forbidden City. Except for Wuying Hall, Jianji Hall, Huaying Hall, Nanxun Hall, and the surrounding turrets and royal doors, all other buildings were destroyed. In the same year, the emperor shunzhi of Qing Dynasty went to Beijing. After 14 years, the buildings in Zhonglu Road were basically restored.
In the 22nd year of Kangxi, the remaining destroyed buildings in the Forbidden City began to be rebuilt, which was basically completed in the 34th year of Kangxi. After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, according to the old practice of the Ming Dynasty, both the emperor shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi took Gan Qing Palace as their main place to live and deal with state affairs. After Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, he began to move to hall of mental cultivation. Hall of mental cultivation is located in the Forbidden City to the west of the Forbidden City and Gan Qing Palace. It was founded in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. At first, it was not the emperor's bedroom. During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of Interior set up many workshops for the royal family, which were called "hall of mental cultivation". In 6 1 year, after the death of Emperor Kangxi, Yong Zhengdi, who acceded to the throne, did not move to Gan Qing Palace, his father's bedroom, but turned hall of mental cultivation, who was temporarily filial to his father on the west side of Zunyi Gate, into the emperor's bedroom. Since then, hall of mental cultivation has become the main place where the Qing emperors lived and handled affairs. Since then, after the establishment of the military department, the office is also near hall of mental cultivation. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, hall of mental cultivation carried out large-scale expansion and reconstruction, and gradually formed certain rules and regulations. After Yong Zhengdi, eight emperors, including Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Xuan Tong, lived here. Until Xuan Tong was kicked out of the Forbidden City.
During the Xianfeng period, it was often connected with the Qixiang Palace in front of us. After Xianfeng's death, Cixi once lived here and enjoyed the two palaces. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cixi began to transform some palaces. Therefore, four of the six western palaces have left the footprints of Cixi. After the death of Emperor Xianfeng, Ci 'an and Cixi both lived in Chang. After ten years of tongzhi, Ci 'an moved back to Zhongcui Palace from Chang and often became the palace of Empress Dowager Cixi. It turns out that Taijitang is just a courtyard with two entrances. When Xianfeng was changed into a slender one, the back hall of Taijitang was changed into a hall, so that Taijitang and the long hall became a quadrangle.
Which dynasty was the Forbidden City built?
The Forbidden City was built by Judy, Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The Forbidden City was built in Yongle four years and completed in Yongle eighteen years. It is the palace where the royal family lived in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and now it is a household name in the Forbidden City in Beijing. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital and built the Nanjing Palace. After Zhu Yuanzhang died, he gave the throne to his grandson, so Zhu Yuanzhang's son Judy launched the battle of Jingnan and succeeded in usurping the throne. The Forbidden City was built in the Ming Dynasty.
The Forbidden City generally refers to the Forbidden City in Beijing and is the largest building complex in the world. The Forbidden City means that Purple Star lives in the center of heaven and earth, which means it is the center of the world. "Purple" refers to the purple stars living in the center of the sky. Since ancient times, the purple star has been called the emperor and is a symbol of heaven and earth. In addition, the palace is heavily guarded, also known as the forbidden area, so it is called the Forbidden City. The length of the Forbidden City is 96 1 m from north to south and 753 meters from east to west, covering an area of about 725,000 square meters.
Today, the Forbidden City is called the first of the five largest palaces in the world. It is the essence of ancient palace architecture in China and one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.