Another Culture in Japan —— Family Model (Ⅱ)
The first person who used sunflowers as family patterns was Nishida of Danbo, the son of Jiamao Shrine. During the Warring States Period, the families of Songping, Benduo, Ai Yin and Teru Shimada in Sanhe were all sunflower families. The reason why Tokugawa used sunflower pattern is probably that it inherited the family pattern of "The Country of Three Rivers" in Song Dynasty. However, Song, who had been using Kwai Wen for fear of getting into trouble, changed the family model he had been using, so Kwai Wen later became a special family model of Tokugawa family.
After Tokugawa Ieyasu became a general, Yozei was going to give Tokugawa Ieyasu the chrysanthemum pattern, but he refused. This greatly damaged the face of the royal family, but raised the status of Kwai Wen.
Judging from the environment at that time, the pattern of sunflower was almost monopolized by the Tokugawa family. Even families that used to use sunflower patterns were afraid of getting into trouble Song Like Shi Ping, so they changed their family patterns to other patterns. Only one of the "Four Heavenly Kings of Tokugawa", Ben Duoping Balang was born, and he was not afraid of power from beginning to end, and never changed his sunflower pattern. However, Bentos uses a "standing sunflower", which is a kind of hollyhock, slightly different from the sunflower pattern in Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Hemp originated in Central Asia and is a fiber crop. Because hemp is widely used, fiber can be extracted from the epidermis. Before kapok was popularized, hemp was the main raw material of Japanese clothes, and its fruit could also be used as a laxative. So marijuana is also a very popular plant in Japan.
As a family pattern, hemp is actually the grain of hemp leaves, and its main form is hexagon.
As early as the Kamakura era, people often used hemp patterns in the fields of architecture, textile, lacquer making technology and so on. At that time, the pattern drawn by combining hexagon and hemp leaf pattern was called "hemp leaf series" or "hemp leaf shape". This kind of figure is often painted on women's long kimono shirts, kimono belts and children's swaddling clothes.
At present, Hu Ming City, Tokushima Prefecture has a shrine of Hemp Bigu, which is famous for offering sacrifices to the god of clothing-Hemp Bigu. The tattoo of this shrine is a star-shaped hemp pattern.
However, although Japan loves hemp very much, and even created many patterns to use, it is not easy to check this pattern with the literature records of writers' tattoos, because there are few related records in the existing Japanese literature, and only a few words in the family pattern record "Zhang Wen" after Meiji can be found now, which are not recorded in the previous literature.
I don't need to say more about Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba often appears in green trees and roadside trees in many places in China. Because the leaves of this tree are unique and beautiful, and the autumn is golden and beautiful. In ancient times, when people saw the golden color of Ginkgo biloba, they thought it was the place where gods lived, so they regarded it as a sacred tree. Today, we can also see towering ginkgo biloba with straw ropes on it in many shrines in Japan.
However, as we all know, this kind of tree grows very slowly. When the elm trees planted at the same time are as thick as the bowl mouth, ginkgo seems to be the same as when it was first planted. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba is also called "Gongsun Tree" in Japan, because it is "planted by the masses and eaten by grandchildren", which means that after the seeds are planted, the grandchildren will not taste its fruit. Therefore, the Japanese also regard ginkgo as a symbol of longevity.
Ginkgo pattern is basically evolved from the shape of leaves, and the famous Tokugawa family pattern is said to be ginkgo pattern before using sunflower pattern. It is well documented that there is a temple dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu's father, Guangzhong, in Songying Temple in Okazaki, Sanhe. The wooden fence around the temple is engraved with the pattern of "Sword Ginkgo".
From a long time ago, the Japanese people took rice as their staple food, so that when the emperor held a sacrificial ceremony today, he would also dedicate the new rice in autumn to the gods. In addition, there are many sacrificial ceremonies with rice in Japan, such as the sacrifice of heaven, rice prayer, and the first ear festival. From then on, it is not difficult to see the Japanese love for rice. In fact, Japan has indeed called itself the land of rich reed fields and rich ears since ancient times, and it is also very proud of its rice.
In addition, the Fujian Daolian God in Kyoto is quite famous, so I believe there is no need to introduce anything more.
Therefore, it is normal for rice grains to be used as writing food. Rice grains are mainly used by the gods of Daohe shrine. Among the shrines in Japan, the number of Inaka shrines is the largest. So the number of rice grains has been constantly evolving and increasing. At present, the number is nearly 100, and the changes range from modeling to arrangement to quantity.
The rice grains of Milian are mostly "holding rice", and the general shape is that two bunches of rice ears are surrounded around and tied together below to form a circular pattern. Although the number of leaves is different, they are basically used by the rice lotus god (fox), so it is also called "rice lotus holding rice".
In addition, some families use rice strips because of their surnames, the most representative of which are Suiji and Suzuki. Suzuki originally lived in Xiongye, Jizhou, and was a family differentiated from Sui Dynasty. Until now, the official position of Kumano shrine is still held by Suzuki family.
Plum blossoms were first introduced to Japan from China, because the unique characteristics of plum blossoms in very cold weather have been talked about by countless literati, so it is normal for such a popular plant to be made into family patterns.
Plum blossom is mainly evolved from the shape of plum blossom, which can be roughly divided into two categories. One is the plum blossom pattern called plum blossom pattern, and the other is that five dots are arranged in petal shape with a round pattern called plum blossom bowl pattern in the middle.
The plum blossom pattern is closely related to the belief that the palace is full of people. In Sugawara no michizane's most famous harmony songs, plum blossoms are described as full of people:
At that time, this "learning god" who especially loved plum blossoms was exiled to Taizai Prefecture in Kyushu because of Fujiwara's political strategy, and his later years were very miserable. Later, in order to commemorate him, Tianman Palace was founded, and the tattoo of Tianman Palace used plum bowl pattern. Since then, the descendants of Sugawara have also inherited the plum blossom pattern, and many people who believe in God also regard it as a family pattern, so the plum blossom pattern has been passed down from generation to generation.
Comparatively speaking, plum pattern was used for a longer time than plum bowl pattern, and it was not until the late Edo period that plum bowl pattern became more and more diverse. "Jia Hemei Bowl" is a long sword plum bowl in the middle. It is said that martial arts can be seen from the length of the sword, so martial arts prefer to add the pattern of the sword.
The melon here is the general name of cucumber, melon, watermelon and towel gourd.
Turning melons into patterns as family patterns began in the Kamakura era. The shape of melon seeds is mainly taken from fruits, flowers and leaves, but the most common one is melon seeds based on fruit shape. Some of them are lines that form patterns on the cross section of cucumber, which are called "cucumber score lines".
According to "Seeing Family Patterns", different parts of melon can be used as writers' patterns. For example, the newly recognized family used melons as the family line, the shogunate minister Tanaka in the Tokugawa era (a branch of Xintian) used the flowers of melons as the family line, and the Omura family in Fujiwara used the leaves of melons as the writer line.
Japan's love for maple leaves can be seen from the activities such as the "Red Leaf Banquet" of Ping 'an nobles. Moreover, their clothes and household items are painted with maple patterns. Every autumn, red leaves cover the mountains, which some people call "red leaf account".
Maple leaf patterns can also be roughly divided into two types, one is a pattern with only leaves, and the other is a pattern with branches and leaves.
Du Ruo is a plant of Acorus calamus. It will have purple flowers in May and June, much like iris. In ancient Japan, Du Ruo's flowers were picked and crushed and used as dyes.
In ancient Japan, their favorite plants were often painted in patterns and printed on clothes or utensils, just like the maple pattern mentioned above. Similarly, Du Ruo is often printed on clothes and even cars, and these patterns gradually evolved into family patterns.
Du Wenruo is used in Japanese temples near Huashan. But interestingly, even if this pattern is very popular, it is different from the previous pattern, because this pattern has not been used by any martial artist, so Japanese folks generally think that this pattern is dedicated to the courtiers.
Du Fu's poems can be roughly divided into two types: "with flowers" and "with branches". As the name implies, "Du Ruo with flowers" evolved from Du Ruo, while "Du Ruo with branches" is a pattern composed of leaves, stems and buds. In addition, Du also has many patterns that combine morphological changes, such as diamond shapes.