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When is the best time to plant apricot trees (cultivation and management techniques of apricot trees)

Apricot has anticancer effect, and can also provide various microorganisms and inorganic salts needed by human body, so it is a kind of fruit with high nutritional value. The economic benefits of apricot trees are considerable, and apricot trees have strong adaptability to the natural environment, high cold resistance and drought tolerance, and can also bear barren land, so apricot trees can grow normally in Pingchuan area and hilly sandy wasteland. In recent years, economic forests have been planted in many areas, and apricot is a very common tree species, which has become one of the main industries for local fruit farmers to get rich and increase their income. In this paper, the cultivation and management techniques of apricot trees are analyzed and discussed, aiming at improving the planting level of apricot trees and improving the yield and quality of fruits.

1 Key points of apricot seedling management

1.1 Selection of improved varieties

Seedling raising is an important link in the cultivation process of apricot trees. Before seedling raising, you must first select excellent varieties, and select varieties with strong drought tolerance and cold resistance according to local climatic conditions and geographical environment. Apricot varieties, such as dried apricot, grafted apricot and Longwangmao, are all excellent varieties with drought resistance and high resistance, and their fruit quality is excellent.

1.2 apricot seedling cultivation

in the process of apricot cultivation, seed treatment is a very key link, which is directly related to the growth and yield level of apricot trees. After selecting seeds, in order to ensure the emergence rate, in winter, seeds are generally layered, that is, they are stored in sand. Choose a shady and dry place, dig a pit with a standard size, soak the seeds in clear water and then stir them with wet river sand. After mixing the seeds, first spread a layer of wet sand in the foundation pit, then put the mixed apricot seeds in the pit until they are about 3cm away from the pit mouth, and then cover them with wet river sand to fill them up. Finally, pile them up into a mound on the high ground with a moderate height.

1.3 sowing

There are two ways to sow apricot trees: spring sowing and autumn sowing, and the sowing time should be selected according to the local climate conditions. In order to improve the survival rate of apricot seedlings, the sowing time is generally set in spring. When sowing, ditch is used to occupy sowing. First, ditch is opened, the width of ditch is controlled, and the plant spacing and row spacing are kept well. Grafting can also be used for cultivation. If grafting is used, scions should be controlled, and tree species with strong trees and excellent varieties without diseases and insect pests should be collected, and branches with good development should be selected, which is most suitable within one year. _ Grafting cultivation of apricot trees should be carried out by means of figure-eight budding.

1.4 field planting

after seedling raising, transplant and field planting should be carried out at an appropriate time, and seedlings with strong plants, full bud eyes and no diseases and insect pests should be selected for cultivation. First, the seedlings should be soaked in water for 24 hours. Before field planting, the soil in the apricot orchard should be deeply ploughed, and the depth should be controlled at 25-3cm. After deep ploughing, the soil should be leveled and raked. When planting, the row spacing between apricot trees should be controlled at 4-5m and the row spacing should be controlled at 3-4 m. If the soil is poor, the row spacing and row spacing can be reduced to improve the yield of apricot trees. The best time for planting is in late April every year, when the external environment is good and the survival rate is high. Before planting, organic fertilizer, such as animal manure and chemical fertilizer, should be put into each pit, and the two should be fully mixed and put into into the pit to improve soil fertility. When planting, the seedlings should be placed vertically in the into the pit, and the root system of the seedlings should be stretched as far as possible. After the apricot seedlings are cultivated, water should be poured enough to fix the roots. A seedling needs about a bucket of water. Immediately after watering, the pit should be covered with fine sand to prevent the topsoil from cracking.

2 Key points of daily management of apricot trees

2.1 Soil management

Scientific management of young apricot trees should be strengthened after cultivation to improve their yield and quality. For the planted apricot trees, soil management is extremely important. Before cultivation, deep ploughing should be done to improve soil permeability, enhance soil fertility and promote the root development of apricot trees. After cultivation, the soil should be loosened in time. For the relatively compact land, it should be loosened artificially to ensure good air permeability of the soil. Weeding should be combined when loosening the soil to prevent weeds from growing and reduce water evaporation and the phenomenon that weeds compete with apricot trees for nutrition. In the first few years of young tree cultivation, because the gap between young trees is large and the saplings are small, the gap between saplings is large, so other crops can be intercropped between apricot trees, which can improve economic benefits and make full use of soil. Short-stem crops should be selected when intercropping crops, which will not affect the growth of apricot seedlings.

2.2 fertilizer management

when building a garden, it is generally necessary to apply foot fertilizer, and increase the application of organic fertilizer every year, and carry out topdressing according to the growth of apricot trees. In the whole fertilization process, organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer, combined with chemical fertilizer, and topdressing is carried out twice after apricot fruit setting according to the fruit setting situation. Urea is also the main topdressing, and diammonium is used in combination. Shallow ditches are opened next to apricot trees, and fertilizers can be put into them, which can promote fruit setting and fruit development of apricot trees.

2.3 irrigation management

Adequate water is the key to the growth of apricot trees. Before the apricot trees germinate, they should be watered once to meet the water demand of apricot trees during flowering and growth, and after flowering and fruit expansion, they should be watered once to improve the fruit setting rate.

2.4 pest control

The main pests and diseases in the growth of apricot trees are root rot, gummosis, brown rot, leeches, red spiders, scarabs, scale insects and so on. In the process of apricot growth, it is necessary to comprehensively control pests and diseases, and take various measures such as agricultural control, drug control, biological control, etc., such as creating a good water and fertilizer environment, strengthening soil management, and providing a good living environment for apricot trees. For some common pests, we can strengthen the application of biological control technology, cultivate natural enemies of pests, strengthen the use of biological agents, reduce pests and reduce the residue of chemical agents.

2.5 Pruning

Pruning in time can ensure the rapid growth of trunk and reduce the absorption of nutrients by apprentice branches. In the process of cultivation, the shape of apricot trees should be controlled according to the cultivation density. In the seedling stage, apricot trees grow very rapidly. Pruning at this stage mainly focuses on some relatively long branches. After pruning, branches will grow rapidly and expand into crowns. In the process of cultivation and management, we should pay attention to the growth direction of the main branches of apricot trees, select branches with better growth angles to keep them, and leave more auxiliary branches to accumulate nutrients in advance. When pruning apricot trees in winter, mainly cut off the main side branches and leave 45cm. Pruning in summer is mainly to prune the newly sprouted branches in spring to speed up the growth of seedlings. When the apricot trees just set fruit, they developed very rapidly. At this time, we should pay attention to maintaining the tree shape and creating good conditions for the expansion of the crown.

Conclusion

To sum up, apricot is a kind of fruit with high nutritional value, which has strong adaptability and wide cultivation area. In the process of apricot cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen the control and management of cultivation techniques, select suitable areas for cultivation, and start from seed selection, seedling raising, cultivation, field planting and management to continuously improve the growth level of apricot trees.