The roof of the Forbidden City

The roof of the Empress Hall, which is called the Empress Hall in the Song Dynasty, the Empress Hall or the Wuling Hall in the Qing Dynasty, and the Jidong Building (alias: よせむね) in Japanese, is the tallest roof style in China, higher than the sloping mountain style. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, only the royal family and the Confucius Temple could be used. During the Tang Dynasty and Japan, it was also found in Buddhist temple buildings.

Ding Dian is "four waters" with five ridges and four slopes, which consists of one straight ridge and four vertical ridges (one ridge) * * * five ridges, so it is also called Wuling Hall. Because the roof has four inclined planes, it is also called four roofs.

The roof of the palace is divided into single eaves and double eaves. The so-called double eaves, that is, under the roof, add a short eaves at each corner to form a second eaves. The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City has a double-eaves roof, while Huaying Hall in the Forbidden City has a single-eaves roof.

history

The top of the temple appeared long ago, even earlier than other parts of the mountain. Ding Dian is found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, bronzes in Zhou Dynasty, stone reliefs and funerary wares in Han Dynasty and grottoes in Northern Dynasty. Quelou in Han Dynasty and Beige Temple in Tang Dynasty are the earliest existing buildings.

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Indirect information about Xieding Mountain can be found in the funerary wares of the Han Dynasty and the cave murals of the Northern Dynasty. The physical building was first built in the main hall of Nanchan Temple in Wutai Mountain.

The rank of Xieding Mountain is second only to Di Ding Dian. It consists of one straight ridge, four vertical ridges and four ridges, so it is called Nine Ridges Hall. It also has the form of single eaves and double eaves. In the secondary buildings and residential gardens in the palace, are there any rolling sheds with ridges to rest at the top of the mountain?

Rest on the top of the mountain with double eaves: the rest on the top of the mountain is also called Jiuji Hall. Besides the main ridge and vertical ridge, there are four ridges. The front and rear slopes of the main ridge are full slopes, and the left and right slopes are half slopes. The second eaves on the top of the sloping roof are basically the same as those on the top of the temple. The whole building is magnificent in shape. Second only to Ding Dian with double eaves in rank. At present, Tiananmen Square, Taihe Gate, Baohe Hall, Gan Qing Palace and other ancient buildings are all in this form.

Single-eave Xieding Mountain: Its shape resembles the upper half of double-eave Xieding Mountain. Most halls are of this type, such as the East and West Hall of the Forbidden City.

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Pyramid roof: it is the roof shape of circular and regular polygon buildings. Except for the circular pyramid roof with no ridge, the ridge converges from the roof and the central roof at each corner, and the slope between the ridges is slightly curved. The cornices of various roofs in the south of the Yangtze River are higher than those in the north, but the pyramid-shaped roofs are the most different, so they are called cornices. This shape is not only convenient for rain to drain, but also has a light and beautiful feeling.

The roof modeling of regular polygon buildings is mainly used for the architectural forms and styles of pavilions, terraces, buildings and pavilions.

Residential buildings are generally not used.

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Yingtai is located in the Nanhai of Beijing, also known as Qitai. Founded in the Ming Dynasty, it was built twice in Shunzhi and Kangxi years of Qing Dynasty. It is a summer resort and sightseeing place for emperors and queens. Because it is surrounded by water on three sides, there are many pavilions and pavilions, just like a fairy island in the sea, so it is named Yingtai.

There are some buildings on Yingtai, such as Xiangluan Pavilion, Hanyuan Hall, Xiangyi Hall (Penglai Pavilion), Yingxun Pavilion, Fengze Garden, Huairentang and Haiyan Hall. There are stones and flowers, pavilions and pavilions, surrounded by water, beautiful and pleasant.

1In September, 898, Empress Dowager Cixi launched a coup to overthrow the New Deal and imprisoned Zai Tian in Yingtai in the South China Sea of Xiyuan (now Zhongnanhai). When Eight-Nation Alliance approached Beijing in the 26th year of Guangxu, Emperor Guangxu was kidnapped and fled to Xi 'an. After Empress Dowager Cixi returned to Beijing, she was asked to follow North Korea to deceive the world. Guangxu Emperor Guangxu1October 2 1 died in Yingtai.