Where is Zeng Guofan's former residence?
Analysis:
Zeng Guofan's former residence-fuhoutang
Fu Hou Tang, Zeng Guofan's former residence, also known as Yi Hou Yong Mansion, is Zeng Guofan's Hou Fu, located at the foot of Aoyu Village, Ye He Town, Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province, adjacent to Xiangxiang City, Xiangtan County, Hengshan County and Hengyang County. The whole house covers an area of more than 60 mu, with a building area of 1 10,000 square meters. It consists of Yun Si Pavilion, the first main entrance of Yonghou, Zhaimen, Zhaimen, the whole house wall, Zhainan Library, Zhaibei Ji Fang Library, Bazhangtang and Jiyuan Ten Scenes. Locals call it "the Prime Minister's House".
Zeng Guofan was successively promoted to Governor of Liangjiang and Governor of Zhili, and was awarded the titles of "Prince Taibao", "First Class One", "Wu Yingtang University Scholar", "Doctor Guanglu" and "Zeng Gong". In the autumn of Tongzhi 4 years (1865), Zeng Guofan, who had no intention of being an official for life, was ready to mobilize his family to "get married and start a career" before retiring. Because his wife Ouyang was a "drowning man in the pond" in front of his former residence, he always thought it was unsafe, and even his son "returned to Hunan to be an uncle" and moved to Futuo Mountain Villa and replaced it with. Fuhou Hall covers an area of more than 40,000 square meters, with a building area of 9,202.86 square meters. It is composed of earth-rock bricks and wood structures, with a cloister style. There are eight halls in the inner and outer groups, namely Qiujue Hall, Laopuzhai Hall, Fangyi Hall and Yun Si Hall. Various buildings, such as Babaotai, Jiyuan, Qizaoxuan, chess hall, library, etc. At that time, the gold plaque of "Emperor Yi Hou Yong" hung on the main entrance, and the dragon and phoenix flag of the Qing Dynasty, the handsome flag of the Xiang Army and the umbrella of ten thousand people fluttered on the granite platform in front of the door. The scene is quite spectacular. Although the whole building has the scale of Houfu, it is simple and generous. Although there are carved beams and painted buildings, they are not magnificent, which basically reflects Zeng Guofan's intention to build a house. "Although the house is not gorgeous, it needs a variety of bamboo and cypress, and more vegetable gardens are needed, which accounts for four acres of land, but it doesn't matter." /kloc-in the autumn of 0/866, the main building was completed, and Mrs. Zeng Guofan, her children and daughter-in-law returned to her new home in Futuo.
Fuhuatang was originally named Babentang. Zeng Guofan's family motto "reading is based on exegesis, writing poetry is based on tone, everything is based on favor, keeping in good health is based on less anger, staying at home is based on not forgetting words, being an official is based on not asking for money, and marching is based on not disturbing people" was adopted. Later, Ceng Jize changed his name according to "Rich as a Man" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Although the rich hall is extremely luxurious, Zeng Guofan was surprised to learn that it would cost 7000 chords to repair the house. He wrote in his diary on the ninth day of February in the sixth year of Tongzhi: "On the fifteenth day of the twelfth lunar month, I received a letter from Gansu, only to know that it would cost * * * 7,000 strings to build a rich and thick temple. I don't know why it is so expensive. I am deeply shocked! Because of the bad habit of being an official, I bought a house all my life and vowed not to do it. Unexpectedly, if you are extravagant, how can you meet people! What a shame to break your word on weekdays! Since the house is like this and everything is extravagant in the future, don't ask. It's worrying that the children of big officials are all arrogant and extravagant! "
Whether Fuhoutang can be called "Zeng Guofan's former residence" is controversial in society. Judging from the reality, the cultural relics department believes that Fuhoutang, whether it is a "former residence" or a "residential building", is a large-scale architectural complex imitating the cloister style in the Song and Ming Dynasties of Qing Dynasty, and its protection has important historical and artistic value.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Japanese army entered Hetang Township, and guerrillas and rangers from all walks of life often went in and out of the back hall of the government. At the request of Zeng's brothers and sisters, Chen Cheng and Chiang Kai-shek twice ordered "to station troops on the spot to protect Zeng's ancestral home"; Fuhoutang was later announced by the people of the whole country as a "cultural relics protection unit of the Republic of China". After liberation, Fushoutang has always been the seat of district and township governments. 1988, the people of Shuangfeng county announced that fuhoutang was a county-level cultural relics protection unit; 1995 10 approved by the propaganda department of Shuangfeng county Committee, the people held the first national Zeng Guofan academic seminar. More than 100 experts and scholars from all over the country attended the meeting and made a special trip to fuhoutang. 1996, the people of * * * in Hunan Province announced that Fuhoutang was a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, and the provincial and county levels allocated special funds for necessary rescue maintenance, and established the "Fuhoutang Management Office", which was managed by a special person and consisted of two special exhibitions, which were open to tourists all the year round.
Yun Si restaurant
In February of the seventh year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan's father died and he came home from Jiangxi army. At this time, his parents passed away. In memory of his parents, he took the ancient meaning of "looking at the clouds and thinking of his relatives" and built a Yun Si Pavilion at home. During the mourning period, I lived in Yunting Pavilion all the time. Zeng Guofan was often frustrated in the battlefield in Jiangxi, and the situation was very difficult. Therefore, at the beginning of his funeral, he took the opportunity of "staying in the country to die" and did not want to come back to lead troops. However, after reflection, great changes have taken place in his thoughts (Zeng's thoughts changed three times in his life: relying on him when he was in Beijing; When running group training, he became "Shen Han"; Become "the skill of Huang Lao" in family difficulties). In June of the eighth year of Xianfeng, he went out to lead the troops for the second time, that is, he used "the technique of Huang Lao", and he used "judo". The Zeng family and Zuo have "old evils". After arriving in Changsha from home, he took the initiative to visit Zuo and collected "Respecting righteousness over desire; Knowing his man and keeping his woman, "he asked Zuo to be his book couplet, so they made love as before." Since then, Zeng Guofan has been very successful politically and militarily. Many years later, he acted as the Governor of Liangjiang. In the future, he will become the so-called "first minister of ZTE". Yun Si Pavilion is an important historical place to study Zeng Guofan's ideological changes. ?
Yun Si Pavilion is a two-story brick-wood building. Zeng Guofan called it "the cornices on all sides between the five bars are extremely square." Yun Si Pavilion is located on the hillside behind the main house in the wall of Fuhoutang, with a building area of 676 square meters. Yun Si Pavilion has experienced ups and downs for 143 years, and it is still intact. ?
Yun Si Pavilion was originally Zeng Guofan's garrison, but it was transformed into its boutique library, Zeng Fu's school and Zeng Baosun's Fang Yi Girls' School during the Anti-Japanese War. Yun Si Pavilion, which Zeng Guofan personally presided over, is not only an important material evidence to study his life story, but also has the value of cultural relics protection in terms of architectural style and age. ?
The Architectural Art and Style of Fushoutang —— "Fushoutang"?
"The Book of Rites and the King System" says: "The university students are in the suburbs, and the emperor calls them Bi Yong, and the princes call them Pan Gong." "Yong" is a university for aristocratic children in the Zhou Dynasty, named after the water around it, which looks like a wall ring. "Pangong" is the learning palace of Zhou Dynasty governors. "The southwest is water, the northeast is a wall, half water and half dust." ?
Zeng Guofan's great-granddaughter Zeng Baosun said in my house:
This big house is generally built in accordance with the regulations of Houfu. There are two doors in the house. What came in was a half-moon-shaped slate daping. Beyond the half-moon, there is a big pond, which is also half-moon, like a Pan Palace. Because the gatehouse is very wide, the middle gate doesn't look very high. There are four big gold plaques of "Ihou Yongdi" on the door. Entering the gate is like a quadrangle in Beijing.
Judging from the scene of Fuhoutang, what Zeng Baosun said is in line with reality. Judging from the meaning of the naming of the rich and thick hall, the word "rich and thick" comes from the sentence "30,000 to 40,000 households are big, and a small country is as rich as a person" in the history of the Han Dynasty, and its naming also shows that it is a "rich and thick hall". ?
There are mountains and waters in the back hall of the mansion, with towering old trees and pavilions set each other off. Five pavilions, such as Bird Crane Tower in the back hill and Fangning Pavilion in the lotus pond, and "Ten Gardens" make the Houdian a typical garden. This is a Pan Palace-style "Houfu Garden" in the Zhou Dynasty, which has little protection in rural areas of China. With high-grade cultural connotation, the value of cultural relics protection is self-evident. ?
The four major library buildings in the Houdian Palace have complete functions of double eaves, insect prevention, moisture prevention, fire prevention and lighting, which embodies the superb art of ancient library buildings in China.
The housing in Babantang is simple, simple and generous, which embodies Zeng Guofan's thought that the house is not gorgeous.
The Fuguitang of Houfuyuan is only about 35 kilometers away from Nanyue and the former residence of Wangchuanshan, and its cultural and artistic value also determines its high-grade tourism value. Hunan Provincial Tourism Bureau listed Fuhoutang as one of the top ten former residences of Hunan cultural celebrities, and its development prospect is promising. ?
Library building of Zeng Guofan's former residence: the first private library in modern times
National Cultural Heritage Administration recently approved Zeng Guofan's former residence library as a national key cultural relics protection unit. It has been confirmed that the former residence of Zeng Guofan, Fu Houtang, has a collection of more than 300,000 books, surpassing the famous private libraries in modern history, such as Haiyuan Pavilion in Liaocheng, Shandong, Tongjian Building in Changshu, Jiangsu, Songlou Building in Zhejiang, and Eight Thousand Volume Building in Hangzhou. It is the first floor of a modern private library.
Fuhoutang Library was built in Tongzhi for six years (1867) and is divided into three parts: Gong Ji, Puji and Ji Fang. Gong Ji is a collection of books read and directed by Zeng Guofan, mainly classics, history, books, local chronicles, historical materials collected at home and old manuscripts of Song and Yuan Dynasties. Pu Ji collects books commonly used by Zeng Guofan's eldest son Ceng Jize; Ji Fang is a collection of works by the second son Zeng and his wife. The unique feature of Zeng's book collection lies in the relationship between the Zeng family itself and the modern history of China, thus preserving rich historical materials such as manuscripts, letters and diaries. Li Xiucheng's confession book is hidden in Fu Houtang's "Gong Ji" bookstore. In addition, Ceng Jize has a large collection of books on western culture and science and technology, which embodies the characteristics of modern libraries. The library of "Fu Hou Tang" is vaguely old, and it is one of the seven private libraries preserved in China.
Fu Hou Tang Zhai Nan, Zhai Bei Library?
Ms. Zeng Baosun, Zeng Guofan's great granddaughter, said in her memoirs: "There are three-story libraries on both sides of the back hall of the house, which is the essence of the back hall of the house." "1942 When we returned to our hometown-Fuhoutang from Hong Kong, the library was still the spiritual center of Fuhoutang. The library is spotless and the books are full of beautiful things. " Indeed, as the whole building of Fuhoutang, its essence is four library buildings (the south and north library buildings are all blue bricks). The main house of this hall is similar to that of ordinary people (the front of the main house is made of adobe). The collection of books is the painstaking efforts of four generations of Zeng Fu and the meticulous protection of four contract workers. It has always been the spiritual center of several generations. The cultural relics value of Fuhoutang Bookstore lies in:
Fuhoutang Library can be as famous as the four modern libraries in China. ?
The book collection of "Haiyuange" in Liaocheng, Shandong once reached more than 200,000 volumes, with study rooms 12, and more old rafters in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were collected. Unfortunately, in 1930, the pavilion destroyed books, leaving only more than 50 boxes of Beijing Library and Shandong Library, leaving people with much regret. It was not until the early 1990s that Haiyuan Pavilion was rebuilt in the former site, and now it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. ?
There are more than 65,438+10,000 books in Tong Jian Lou in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and the book building is a five-bay building. The main feature is the collection of more than 200 kinds of old bamboo slips from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, most of which are stored in Beijing Library. The "Qin Tie Bronze Sword Building" was also restored today. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
The Baisong Building of Lv in Gui 'an, Zhejiang Province was built in the early years of Guangxu, with a collection of 6.5438+0.5 million volumes. Another feature of it is that it collects a large number of old bamboo slips from the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Unfortunately, in April of 1907, Lu sold the book collection to the Japanese for 60,000 yuan, and he could only "look at the ocean and sigh". Bookstores have a history of less than 30 years.
The "8,000-Volume Building" in Shi Ding, Hangzhou has a collection of 200,000 books. In addition to the old bamboo slips of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the main achievement is the Sikuquanshu published by Wen Lan Pavilion. ?
Judging from the number of books, there are more than 300,000 books in the back hall library of Zeng's house, except for some books that were burned with Zeng's family in Beijing Taiji Factory. There are tens of thousands of paperbacks.