Zhu's educational thought
1. The main function of education is to "change people's temperament".
He explained the theory of human nature from the objective idealism of rational monism, and put forward that human nature is rationality, that is, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and other moral norms. He emphasized that "learning is to change temperament." Only through education can we change "the nature of temperament" into "the nature of heaven and earth".
2. The purpose of education is "moral".
Zhu believes that the purpose of education is to "manage tomorrow and eliminate human desires". In view of the neglect of ethical education in school education at that time, which induced students to "cherish benefits and abandon righteousness" and compete for fame and gain, Zhu restated and emphasized the idea of "Ren Ming Theory" in order to change the situation that "customs are getting worse and worse and talents are getting worse and worse".
3. The task of education is to "teach things" in primary schools, and "University is the cause of poverty".
Zhu advocated that in the primary school stage, it is mainly to "teach people with things", such as "shooting books with rites and music, filial piety and loyalty", and as for discovering and exploring things, it is the task of university education. Therefore, if a primary school can get a good education, "it will make him better unconsciously, and it will be omnipotent for a long time."
4. Zhu advocates putting moral education in the first place.
Zhu attaches great importance to moral education and advocates putting moral education in the first place. He said: virtue is of great significance to people, not only for self-cultivation, but also for governing the country by extension. If we lack virtue and simply pursue knowledge, people will lose their way and find no home.
Education must start with children.
Zhu believes that primary education is the foundation and bacon's work, so it is particularly important to educate children on moral quality from an early age. Children must learn and master "sweeping the Tao to cope with advance and retreat, loving relatives and fearing the Tao to promote teachers". He pointed out that these ethics are all contained in Confucian classics.
Extended data
Zhu (1130.9.15—1200.4.23), with a dark personality, was called Huian, later called Huiweng and called Zhu Wengong. Originally from Wuyuan County, Huizhou Prefecture (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), he was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Youxi County, Fujian Province). Famous Neo-Confucianist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, representative of Fujian School, master of Confucianism, Buddha named Zhu Xi.
Zhu is the only person who is not a disciple handed down by Confucius, but likes to visit the Confucius Temple. He ranks among the twelve philosophers in Dacheng Hall and is worshipped by Confucianism. Zhu is a student, a disciple of Cheng Er (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi), and he is also called a school with Cheng Er. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism had a great influence on the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and became the official philosophy of the three generations. He is another person after Confucius in the educational history of China.
Zhu Zhu is the author of Notes on Four Books and Sentences, Notes on Taiji, Notes on General Books, Readings of Zhouyi, Notes on Chu Ci, etc. Later generations compiled Zhuzi Daquan and Zhuzi Xiang. Among them, "Notes to Four Books and Chapters" became the standard of textbooks and imperial examinations.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Zhu