What are the characteristics of famous buildings?

Question 1: I want to check the characteristics of a famous building. The 20 points should be divided into several aspects:

1. Building height

2. Architectural features : Such as environmentally friendly buildings, energy-saving buildings...

3. Old

4. Special structure

5. Designed by famous designers .

6. Historical figures lived.

Question 2: What are the famous buildings in our country? Famous buildings in ancient times:

Forbidden City Complex

Temple of Heaven Complex

Foguang Temple Hall in Mount Wutai

Yingxian Wooden Pagoda

Jinci Temple of Our Lady

Modern famous buildings:

Great Hall of the People

Chinese Revolution History Museum

National Center for the Performing Arts

Bird's Nest Stadium

Water Cube Swimming Pool

CCTV New Building

Question 3: What are the famous buildings in my country, their respective cities and characteristics ? Ancient Chinese architecture? Modern architecture? Contemporary architecture? Was it done by a domestic architect? Or was it made by an international architect? Too general a question. . . . . . Unable to answer

Question 4: What are the famous buildings in China 1 Fujian Earth Building

Hakka Earth Building, also known as Fujian Round Building, is a pearl of Chinese civilization and a unique myth in the world The ordinary mountain village residential building is a wonder of ancient Chinese architecture. It is independent of the world's residential architectural art with its long history, unique style, large scale, and exquisite structure. The characteristics of earth building dwellings and their construction characteristics are closely related to the history of the Hakka people. Everywhere Hakka people go, their family members always gather together. In addition, most of the Hakka people lived in remote mountainous areas or in dense mountains. At that time, not only were there a shortage of building materials, but they were also noisy with wolves, tigers, leopards, and thieves. In addition, they were afraid of being harassed by local people, so the Hakka people built "defensive" castle-style buildings. Building residences. In this way, a unique architectural form of Hakka residences - earth buildings was formed. Earth buildings are mainly distributed in Longyan, Zhangzhou and other areas of Fujian Province.

Fujian Earth Buildings originated in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After development in the early and middle Ming Dynasties, they gradually matured in the late Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, and the Republic of China, and have continued to this day. Fujian earth buildings are unique large-scale rammed earth residential buildings in mountainous areas in the world, and are creative masterpieces of earth building art. Fujian earth buildings are located on the hills and have a reasonable layout. They absorb the "Feng Shui" concept of traditional Chinese architectural planning (see Dong Bin's "Modern Feng Shui Essence"), adapt to the requirements of life and defense where tribes live together, and cleverly utilize the mountains. Narrow flat land

2. Kaiping Diaolou

In the fields of Kaiping City, Guangdong, there are small European classical-style buildings and traditional earthen houses in rural areas of southern China. It forms a unique rural scenery in China. The watchtowers are a combination of Chinese and Western styles, integrating the essence of various architectural styles. At its peak, there were more than 3,000 watchtowers in Kaiping. Currently, there are more than 1,800 watchtowers in existence, distributed in 15 towns and offices in Kaiping. These watchtowers are the result of the initiative of overseas Chinese and villagers in Kaiping in the last century to combine foreign architectural culture with local architectural culture. With its large number, exquisite architecture and diverse styles, it can be called the largest "Diaolou Museum" in the world.

Types and artistic characteristics of carved buildings

In terms of building materials, there are early mud-walled buildings (which were hammered and rammed layer by layer with a mixture of gray sand, sugar, salt, clam shells, oyster shells, etc. ), the mid-term blue brick building (built with ordinary blue bricks thickened), and the final reinforced concrete building (built with reinforced concrete according to modern building materials). In terms of type, it can be roughly divided into three categories: First, watch towers or light towers. These buildings are usually built at the beginning or end of the village. Some are built on small hills for the use of vigilante groups and watchmen. There are searchlights and alarms inside. Immediately call the police when the bandit is discovered and let the villagers prepare. The second is the public buildings, which are jointly built by more than ten or several households. This type of watchtower has 3 to 6 floors, with 2 to 4 rooms on each floor.

3. Wang Family Courtyard

Wang Family Courtyard is located in the famous historical and cultural town of Jingsheng, 12 kilometers east of Lingshi County, Shanxi Province.

It is 35 kilometers away from Pingyao Ancient City, a world cultural heritage, and 4 kilometers away from Jiexiu Mianshan Scenic Area. It has 231 large and small courtyards, 2078 houses, and an area of ​​80,000 square meters.

The Wang Ancestral Hall is divided into upper and lower courtyards, with complete functions and exquisite design. There is a finely carved "Xiaoyi Square" in front of the temple. The three building groups of Gaojiaya, Hongmen Fort and Chongning Fort are adjacent to each other. They are all fully enclosed castle-style buildings on high loess slopes. On the outside, it conforms to the situation, with both form and spirit; inside, the cave dwellings and tile-roofed houses are cleverly connected. It is broad, profound and spectacular, and the heaven and earth are ingenious. Although they appear to be the same, they are ever-changing. While maintaining the uniqueness of traditional northern residences, they also show their own outstanding individual style. The general characteristics are: relying on the mountain, changing with the shape, stacking courtyards, well-proportioned, magnificent, and fully functional. It basically inherits the courtyard style of front hall and back bedroom that was formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty in my country, and is ingenious. The brick carvings, wood carvings and stone carvings of Yun are elegantly decorated, rich in connotation, practical and beautiful, blending the northern and southern sentiments, and have a high cultural taste.

4. Qiao Family Courtyard

Qiao Family Courtyard is located in Qiaojiabao Village, Qi County, Shanxi Province, 54 kilometers away from Taiyuan in the north and only 2 kilometers away from Dongguan Town in the south. Also known as Zai Zhongtang, it is the residence of Qiao Zhiyong, a famous commercial and financial capitalist in China during the Qing Dynasty. It was first built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Afterwards, it was renovated twice and expanded once. After several generations of continuous efforts, a magnificent architectural group was built in the early years of the Republic of China, which embodies the unique style of northern Chinese residences in the Qing Dynasty. .

The courtyard is a fully enclosed castle-style building complex, covering an area of ​​10,642 square meters (about 16 acres), with a construction area of ​​4,175 square meters, divided into 6 large courtyards, 20 small courtyards, and 313 rooms. houses. The compound faces the street on three sides and is not connected to the surrounding residential buildings. The outer perimeter is a closed brick wall, more than 10 meters high. The upper floor is a female wall-style crenelation, and there are watchtowers and gazebos dotted among them, making it look majestic, majestic and tall. ......>>

Question 5: What are the famous buildings and ruins, their characteristics and origins? Helsinki Railway Station, Finland (1906～1916)

Architect: E. Saarinen

The Helsinki Railway Station in Finland was built from 1906 to 1916. It is a treasure of station architecture at the beginning of this century and an important architectural example of early modernism in Northern Europe, but it is basically eclectic. . It has a clear outline, bright shape and concise details, which not only expresses the characteristics of masonry architecture, but also reflects the development trend towards modern architecture. The designer of Helsinki Railway Station is the famous architect Eliel Saarinen (1873-1950). Helsinki Railway Station is a representative work of his romantic classicism architecture. It has a classical and heavy style, but the heights are staggered.

The squares and circles complement each other, so it is lively, memorable but not rigid. It is regarded as one of the masterpieces of architectural art in the 20th century.

Mira Apartment, Barcelona, ​​Spain (1906-1910)

Architect: A. Gaudí

Mira Apartment in Spain from 1906 to 1910 Barcelona was built. The famous Spanish architect A. Gaudi (1852-1926) who designed the Mira Apartments was a man who had the courage to open up another path in the exploration of architectural art. With his romantic fantasy, he tried his best to penetrate plastic art into the three buildings. In the architecture of multi-dimensional space, in the design of Mira Apartment, the focus is on the artistic expression of shape. He used his imagination to create strange and grotesque architectural images. At the same time, he absorbed the style of French architecture, combined it with the structural characteristics of Gothic architecture, adopted natural forms, and carefully explored his original plastic architectural model.

Lincoln Memorial, Washington, USA (1919-1922)

Architect: H. Bacon

The Lincoln Memorial was designed by the American architect Henry Bacon , located on a man-made plateau at the end of Moore Boulevard, with an area of ​​2,200 square meters, opposite the Washington Monument. The memorial hall draws on the traditional techniques of ancient Greek temples and is surrounded by 36 marble Doric columns, symbolizing the 36 states of the United States during Lincoln's time.

Although the plane is similar to an ancient Greek temple, it does not have the usual pediments of Greek temples. Instead, it has an integrated roof layer placed on top of the classical columns.

The interior of the memorial hall is divided into a main hall and two side halls by using columns. The walls of the side halls are painted with the most significant achievements and important events in Lincoln

mural. The highlight of the entire memorial hall is the statue of Lin Ken located in the center of the main hall opposite the entrance. Guided by this longitudinal sequence from the entrance to the statue, people will feel the solemnity of the atmosphere. Afterwards, people

will gradually see clearly the statue of Lincoln with a serious expression under the sunlight that scatters into the room. The layout and vertical and horizontal direction of the Lincoln statue are cleverly guided to form a solemn and solemn look. The atmosphere is an outstanding design of this memorial building.

Stockholm City Hall, Sweden (1909-1923)

Architect: R. Osterberg

Create new buildings in the 1920s The call for style has emerged in Western Europe, but traditional architectural styles remain strong

. The city hall, completed in 1923, is a manifestation of respect and inheritance of tradition. Swedish architect R. Austria

In the design of the city hall, Sternberg respected classical architecture but was not restricted by it, and combined various architectural styles in history

Style and technique are integrated to create this waterside building with staggered heights and a harmonious balance between reality and reality. Several

halls in the city hall are gorgeously decorated and have a poetic and picturesque atmosphere in the Nordic region. They are considered to be a masterpiece of national romantic architecture

.

Schroeder House, Utrecht, Netherlands (1924)

Architect: G. Rietveld

Designer: G. Rietveld Tweed was a furniture designer and architect who was influenced by the Dutch "De Stijl" movement at the time. De Stijl

Artists advocated that art works should be a combination of geometric shapes and pure color blocks. The Schroeder House is a typical expression of De Stijl's artistic

claims in architecture. The composition, which consists of bare wall panels, simple volumes, and large pieces of glass, scattered horizontally and vertically, seems to be at a distance. It has a very similar interest to the paintings of the famous Dutch painter Mondrian at that time. A three-story building

......>>

Question 6: What are the famous ancient buildings in my country and their characteristics? Famous ancient buildings include the Forbidden City, the Old Summer Palace, the Great Wall, etc.

The Forbidden City in Beijing is the royal palace of China's Ming and Qing dynasties. It was formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is located at the center of Beijing's central axis and is the essence of ancient Chinese palace architecture. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on the three main halls, covering an area of ​​720,000 square meters, with a construction area of ​​about 150,000 square meters. There are more than 70 large and small palaces and more than 9,000 houses. It is one of the largest and best preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.

The Old Summer Palace is a large royal palace in the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, adjacent to the Summer Palace. It consists of the Old Summer Palace, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden, so it is also called the Three Old Summer Palaces. In addition, there are many small gardens located on the east, west and south sides, surrounded by stars like a crescent moon.

The Great Wall, also known as the Great Wall, is a military defense project in ancient China. The history of the construction of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The famous allusion "playing with princes with beacon fire" in the capital Haojing (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi) originated from this. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when countries competed for hegemony and defended each other, the construction of the Great Wall entered its first phase, but at this time the length of the construction was relatively short. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms and unified the world, Qin Shihuang connected and repaired the Great Wall during the Warring States Period, and it became known as the Great Wall. The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty to overhaul the Great Wall. Most of the Great Wall that people see today was built at this time.

Question 7: What are the famous modern buildings in my country? Shanghai Shimao International Plaza, Nanjing Landsea City Plaza, Capital Airport New Terminal, Wuhan Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge, Nanning Diwang International, Beijing National Stadium, Beijing National Aquatics Center, Wuhan Qintai Culture and Art Center, etc.

Question 8: What are the characteristics of Shanghai? What are some famous buildings? What are some famous locations? Chenghuang Temple, Nanjing Street, Qipu Road, Xujiahui and above are all famous.

Xianxia Road---Taiwanese food, entertainment and fashion street.

People’s Square Below are Hong Kong Street, Yuyuan Mall, Huaihai Road, Xintiandi, and Sichuan North Road. They are all good buildings. Don’t miss the Oriental Pearl Tower.

Question 9: What are the characteristics of "Georgian-style" buildings? Brief description: Gothic style Architecture (an architectural style popular in Western Europe from the 12th to the 16th century, characterized by pointed arches, vaults, slender columns, etc.)

Classic Gothic architecture in European countries:

Gothic architecture first emerged in France in the second half of the 11th century. At that time, prototypes of ribbed vaults and flying buttresses had already appeared in some French churches. The first true Gothic church is generally considered to be Saint-Denis in the suburbs of Paris. The four-pointed church cleverly solves the problem of the rib vault structure between the arches, and has a large area of ​​stained glass windows, which was followed by many churches in the future.

Italian Gothic architecture was introduced from the imperial conquests in the 12th century and mainly affected the northern region. Italy did not really accept the structural system and modeling principles of Gothic architecture, but only used it as a decorative style. The most famous one is Milan Cathedral, the largest Gothic spire in the world.

Italian churches do not emphasize height and verticality, and there is no tall bell tower on the front. Instead, they adopt a screen-style gable composition. The roof is relatively flat, the windows are not large, and pointed and semi-circular buttons are often used together. Flying buttresses are extremely rare, and the carvings and decorations have obvious Roman classical style.

Although the French Gothic church has a Latin cross shape in plan, its horizontal wings have little protrusion. To the west is the main entrance, to the east there is a circular corridor in the ring hall, and many small worship rooms are arranged in a radial pattern. The interior of the church, especially the towering nave, has a large area of ​​stained glass. The distinctive feature of its appearance is that there are many large and small spiers and spiers. Some of the tall bell towers in the west also have spiers. There is a very tall spire on the roof at the intersection of the planes. There are also exquisite spiers on the buttresses and wall stacks. The windows are thin and high. The entire church has a strong upward momentum and is extremely rich in carvings.

The west facade is the focus of the building. The typical composition is: a pair of tall bell towers on both sides, connected horizontally by horizontal corridors below. The three gates are made up of perspective doors with receding peaks. Full of statues. There is a large circular window above the main entrance, called the rose window, with exquisite and gorgeous carvings. The representative work of early French Gothic churches is Notre Dame de Paris.

The Cathedral of Amiens is a representative work of French Gothic architecture in its high period. It is 137 meters long and 46 meters wide. The horizontal wings protrude very little. At the east end, the ring hall is arranged in a radial shape with seven small chapels. . The middle hall is 15 meters wide, and the vault is 43 meters high. The plane of the vaults in the middle hall is rectangular, and each room uses a cross vault, which corresponds to the vault of the side hall. The columns are no longer round, and four thin columns are attached to a cylinder to form a beam column. The thin columns are connected with the ribs above to enhance the upward momentum. The interior of the church is filled with stained glass, and the walls are almost invisible. The exterior of the church is beautifully carved and magnificent. This church is a sign of the maturity of Gothic

architecture.

The famous churches in France during the high period include Reims Cathedral and Chartres Cathedral. Together with Amiens Cathedral and Beauvais Cathedral, they are known as the four major Gothic churches in France. The Cathedral of Strasbourg is also famous, with its spire 142 meters high.

After the Hundred Years War, almost no churches were built in France in the 14th century. When Gothic architecture revived, it had reached the flame pattern period. This style got its name because the lattice was shaped like a flame. Architectural decoration tends to be "fluid" and complex. Bundle columns often have no capitals, and many thin columns extend from the ground to the vault to form ribs. Decorative ribs appeared on the vaults, and the ribs became star-shaped or other complex forms. At that time, large churches were rarely built. This style often appears in additions or reconstructions of cathedrals, as well as in relatively minor new churches.