What are the breeding methods of Chinese rose?
1. Cutting propagation: First of all, we should make preparations for cutting hotbeds. We should put hot things in hotbeds, such as horse manure or leaves, and water them to compact them, which will generate a certain amount of heat. Cut semi-lignified inverted branches from the mother plant of Chinese rose, and the length is about 10 cm. Generally, a branch has three bud eyes. All the leaves at the lower part of the cuttings should be cut off, leaving only the upper two leaves for photosynthesis. Don't leave too many leaves, it will consume nutrients and evaporate a lot of water from the stem. The bottom of the cuttings should be cut into horseshoes and placed in a clear water basin to prevent air drying. Cut in time. The most suitable temperature for Chinese rose to take root is 20-25℃, and generally it can take root above 8℃. If the ground temperature is lower than 8℃ in winter, it is difficult to take root after cutting. When the temperature rises in spring, in addition to spraying on the bed surface, the water in the bed can not be ignored, otherwise the cuttings will wither due to lack of water, and even the rooted seedlings will die. The method of checking the matrix is to insert the soil into the depth of 8- 10 cm by hand and take out a little. If you knead it by hand, it means that the water is suitable; if you don't knead it, it means that the soil is short of water.
First, make a hole with a wooden stick, and then press the cuttings in the Chacon by hand. The insertion depth is 1/3 of the cutting, and the time interval when the leaves are not together is appropriate. After insertion, water it with a fine watering can in time, and cover it with plastic film after laying the bed sand. Shading 1 week, spraying leaves 1-2 times a day. When transplanting, the roots should be sticky with mud and planted while digging. Adding 1%-2% copper sulfate and 0.50% urea into the mud can not only prevent root rot, but also promote the growth and survival of seedlings. Before planting, put the broken tiles on the drain of the flowerpot, add the mixed soil, then put the seedlings in a pot filled with soil, treat them in layers and compact them, water them 1 time after planting, put them in the shade for 7- 10 days, move them to a ventilated sunny place, and water them 1 time every day after planting.
2. Grafting propagation: Grafting is the main means of rose propagation. The choice of rootstock is very important when grafting. Cuttings are rich, easy to take root, can adapt to local climate conditions, and have good affinity with scions. At present, the commonly used rootstock in China is rose. Grafting usually takes place in dormant period, and branch grafting is adopted before leaf buds germinate in spring. Bud grafting is commonly used in growing period.
Cultivation and management of rose
The cultivation of roses is divided into protected cultivation and open cultivation.
1. Protective cultivation (potted)
Rose is a light-loving plant, but too strong light is not conducive to bud development, but grows in places with insufficient sunshine and slender branches. It takes about 45 days from germination to flowering, and the optimum growth temperature is 15-25℃. In this temperature range, the flowers are large and beautiful, but they grow slowly at 30℃, and the flowers that bloom above 30℃ become smaller and lighter in color. When seedlings are planted in pots for 2-3 years, they should be pruned, and old roots should be cut off to promote new roots, but pruning should not be too heavy. Pay attention to root stretching when planting. Spring, summer and autumn should be placed in a sunny, well-ventilated and stagnant place.
After Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Chinese rose was carefully pruned when it came out of the cellar. Choose the robust branches of Chinese rose to stay, and cut off other transverse branches, weak branches, cross branches and over-dense branches. The selected branches should have 3-5 bud holes from the base, and all the above branches should be cut off, so that the plants can absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil and supply the long-term growth needs of leaf buds and flower buds left after pruning. Remember to prune after germination. Pruning will affect the first flowering, and the growth height should be consistent. Each plant can retain 3-5 main branches, with a maximum of 7 branches.
Potted roses are not dried and watered, but watered thoroughly. In summer, the weather is hot and the evaporation is large, so potted plants should be watered more, especially at night, which is 1 times. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, roses will grow poorly and bloom less. Some people think that it is a bad thing to topdress more fertilizer because of insufficient fertility. In midsummer, topdressing is generally not needed, and only thin fertilizer is applied to the vigorous branches, twice a week1-. If you can get proper shade after 1 1 in the morning, you can bask in the sun after 4 pm, avoid the high temperature at noon, and resist the weak sunshine before noon and afternoon, which is beneficial to photosynthesis and accumulate nutrients for the next crop. After pruning, it can be fertilized and mixed with 50% human excrement and 2% calcium superphosphate. In mid-February, 3% human excrement or 1% urea can be used as topdressing, and urea can also be sprayed before and after the rain. Fertilization is not suitable when the new buds are red. At this time, fertilization will cause young roots to be injured, so that plants will wither or stop growing, so special attention should be paid.
Mid-term pruning of Chinese rose is needed, which mainly includes cutting off the budding branches of grafted seedlings, cutting off residual flowers and redundant buds after flowering, cutting off delicate flower branches from the base after the first flowering, and cutting off the remaining robust flower branches under 2-3 leaves of residual flowers. The second flowering can still be pruned by thinning the weak branches, leaving strong branches and strong buds.
Rose still needs pruning 1 time before overwintering, but not too early. When pruning Chinese roses, we should not only choose strong branches, but also pay attention to the consistency between master and slave. Large-flowered varieties should have 4-6 strong branches, and each branch should choose one side of 30-40 cm to grow strong buds, and the upper branches should be cut off. For vines and vine varieties, remove old branches, weak branches and pests and diseases.
2. Open field cultivation
Rose is cultivated in the open field, with developed roots, rapid growth, strong plants, small flowers and high ornamental value. In management, cultivation measures are selected according to different types, growth habits and geographical conditions, and the cultivation site is selected where the terrain is high, the sunshine is sufficient, the air is ventilated and the soil is slightly acidic. During cultivation, the soil is deeply turned, and organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer. Planting density is 75cm×75cm for erect varieties, 0/00 cm×/0/00 cm for expanded varieties, 40cm×50cm for longitudinal varieties and 200cm×200 for rattan varieties.