Citrus farm name
Alias: western lemon, western lemon.
Little tree. Branches are spinless or nearly spinless, tender leaves and flower buds are dark purple-red, wing leaves are wide or narrow, or there are only traces.
The leaves are thick papery, ovoid or ovoid, 8- 14 cm long and 4-6 cm wide, with a short tip and obvious blunt teeth at the edge.
Single flowers axillary or rarely clustered; Calyx cup-shaped, 4-5-shallowly toothed; Petals are 1.5-2 cm long, with purple outside and white inside; There are often unisexual flowers, that is, stamens develop and pistils degenerate; Stamens 20-25 or more; Ovary nearly tubular or barrel-shaped, slightly narrow at the top, stigma capitate.
The fruit is ovoid or ovoid, with narrow ends, usually long and narrow at the top with papillae, thick and rough peel, lemon yellow, difficult to peel, rich in lemon-scented oil spots, petals 8- 1 1, light yellow juice cells, sour juice, small seeds, oval and sharp; Seed coat is smooth, cotyledons are milky white, usually single embryo or multi-embryo.
The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is September-165438+1October.
South of the Yangtze River.
Lemon is imported from abroad and has a short cultivation history. Common ones are Eureka, also known as Eureka and Eureka. There are obvious nipples at the top of the fruit, the skin is rough, there are longitudinal edges in the middle, the skin is thick and the pulp is very sour. In Lisbon, there is a long nipple at the top of the fruit, which often bends slightly to one side. The skin is smooth, and the base of the fruit also has an obvious neck. The pulp is very sour. Meyer (Beijing Lemon), also known as Xiang Lemon and Plum Lemon, is a variety bred in Fengtai, Beijing, with strong cold resistance, thin and smooth skin, short and pointed fruit top, strong aroma of pulp, but low acid content. There is also a kind of rough lemon called C. jambhiri Lush, which is native to India and has been introduced to some citrus farms in Guangdong and Sichuan. Swingle school thinks it is a mixture of lemon and orange. Its skin is lemon yellow, very rough, with short sarcomatous processes at the top, large and empty nucleus and few seeds. Fast growth, drought resistance and nematode resistance. Used as rhizome material abroad.
Lemon peel contains flavonoids: rutin, diosmin and so on. The former is rutin and the latter is limonin, which is the so-called vitamin "P". Lemon flowers, leaves and peels all contain lemon essential oil, which is an oxidized derivative of various alkenes, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters. Among them, the peel contains the most D- limonene, accounting for 90% of the oil, followed by methyl heptanone, terpineol and solidified limonin. Seeds also contain limonin.
(Excerpted from Flora of China)
Photo photography: Chen