What is unique about Ming Yongling?
Luo Yongqing was famous for his mastery of Feng Shui during Jiajing period. After he came to Tianshou Mountain, he chose two auspicious places, Acorn Ridge and Shibadaoling, for Sejong. Later, Sejong led Qin ministers and officials to visit two auspicious places that Luo Yongqing chose for him. After the investigation, Zhu Houzong still felt uneasy, so he sent someone to Jiangxi to find the descendants of famous Feng Shui masters Yang Junsong, Emperor Zeng Wendi and Liao Sanchuan to check it again. Finally, Shibadaoling was identified as the location of the mausoleum. Since Sejong of the Ming Dynasty thought that the name of Shibadaoling Mountain was not elegant enough, the imperial edict changed its name to "Yang Cuiling".
1April 22, 536, that is, fifteen years after Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty ascended the throne, the construction of Ming Yongling started. Emperor Sejong personally presided over the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Changling, and Hou Guoxun and Wuding Assistant Minister Shi Li were ordered to build the Prime Minister's Mountain Mausoleum. After years of operation, the construction of Yongling has been basically completed.
Compared with other Ming Tombs, Yongling Mausoleum in Ming Dynasty has many unique features. The first is large-scale. In ancient times, the size of the cemetery depended on the rules of the tomb hall, Ming building and Baocheng. According to the official revision of Daming Hui Dian in China in the Ming Dynasty, which is mainly based on administrative regulations, the diameter of Yongling Baocheng is 865,438+0 zhangs, and there are 7 double eaves in Maoen Hall and 9 halls attached to the left and right, which is second only to Changling, but exceeds the systems of sacrifice, scenery, abundance, Mao, Tai and Kang. The width of its facade is 5 rooms, which is equal to Changling, and then it is only used as Dingling. In addition, in addition to the square yard and Baocheng of Yongling in the Ming Dynasty, there is also a Wailuocheng that is not found in the first seven tombs. Its system "grows, the stone is finely crafted, and the planning of Changling is not as good as it is". In the outer Luocheng, there are five kitchens on the left and five warehouses on the right, and there are east-west long streets that imitate the deep palace and the long lane system.
The illustration of the mausoleum once recorded that Luocheng was: Yongling was built, with a magnificent momentum, which was the highest among the seven tombs. Bricks and stones are all around, and the walls are thick and strong. According to Records of Emperor Sejong of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Sejong wanted to bury his concubine in his own cemetery, so Xia Yan and others designed Wailuocheng and buried the imperial concubine in Wailuocheng. The burial place was planned to be "outside Baoshan, in front of the Ming building", that is, outside the left and right palace walls in front of the Ming building, opposite from left to right. Later, although the tomb of Sejong's concubine was not built in Wailuocheng as originally agreed, Wailuocheng was built as originally planned.
The masonry buildings in Yongling of Ming Dynasty, the novel shrine memorial tablet, the unique design of Baocheng Tower, the Baocheng city wall battlements with mottled stones, and the imperial stone carvings with the pattern of "Dragon Dragons Playing Beads" in Maoen Hall and Maoen Gate are all absent from previous tombs.
From 1785 to 1787, Ming Yongling was renovated. At that time, Mao 'en Gate and Mao 'en Hall in Yongling of the Ming Dynasty were damaged, but due to their large wooden frames, no major damage was caused. Jin Jian, Cao and other ministers in charge of tomb repair should have suggested that the tomb be repaired according to the original system. However, due to the large scope of the Ming Tombs, nanmu had been cut down during the Qianlong period. If it is still repaired like this, it will be more difficult for Changling and Yongling to buy big trees. After discussion, Jin Jian put forward the suggestion of removing big trees and replanting small trees. As a result, Maoenmen and Maoentang in Yongling were degraded and rectified. Maun Temple was reduced from 7 rooms wide and 5 rooms deep to 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. The roof of the temple was changed from double eaves to single eaves leaning against the mountain, and the doors were changed from five rooms wide, two rooms deep, three rooms wide and three rooms deep, but the shape of the single eaves leaning against the top of the mountain remained unchanged.