What's strange about the Ming Tombs?
The Xianling Mausoleum was built in the 14th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (15 19) and completed in the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), which lasted for 47 years, with an enclosure area of 183. 13 hectares. The whole cemetery is feudal in two cities, and the outer Luocheng is more than 3600 meters long. Magnificent and magnificent, it is the most complete relic of the city wall among the tombs of emperors in China. The cemetery consists of more than 30 large buildings, such as Inner and Outer Luocheng, Qianbei Baocheng, Fangcheng Minglou, Lingsi Temple, Lingenmen, Shenchu, Linghu, Hu Jun, Jingu Palace Supervisor, Gongde Monument, New Hong Men, Old Hong Men, Inner and Outer Tang Ming, Jiuqu Yu He and Longshendao.
The uniqueness of the mausoleum is mainly due to the unique situation of one mausoleum and two mausoleums, which was formed by changing the mausoleum into the mausoleum, which is precious. Zhu Youjue, the owner of the fairy tomb, was a king of Xing Xian before his death and was buried in Songlinshan after his death. Since the death of 16, Empress Dowager Cixi and Yang Tinghe, the master of Historical Records, followed the ancestral motto that "brothers are brothers" and named "Xing's eldest son" as the heir to the throne. The title was Jiajing, and later Zhu Houzong was self-supporting and self-supporting. The three-year-long imperial examination dispute was resolved by force, during which 65,438+07 people were killed by imperial aides, and more than 65,438+065,438+05 officials were imprisoned, paid salaries, exiled from the army, engaged in border defense and dismissed, thus completing their own Zhao Mu system. This important event is called in history. Later, Emperor Zhu Houzong of Jiajing honored his father as the emperor dedicated to the grave, changed the king's tomb into the Mausoleum, and began a large-scale reconstruction and expansion project, which did not stop until Jiajing died.
With its unique environmental features, ingenious layout, magnificent building scale, rich underground treasures and its precious historical value, Xianling has been highly valued by national cultural relics experts. 1988, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relic protection unit. 1999, in March, National Cultural Heritage Administration declared it as the only Ming Dynasty mausoleum to the United Nations World Heritage Committee. The World Cultural Heritage Committee of UNESCO recently voted to include Ming Xianling Mausoleum in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, China in the World Cultural Heritage Project.
Fairy spirit is the burial tomb of Zhu Youjue and Zong Rui.
Zhu Youjue is the fourth son of Zhu Jianshen in Ming Xianzong, the half-brother of Zhu Youtang in Ming Xiaozong, and the uncle of Zhu Houzhao in Ming Wuzong. Born in 1476 (the second day of July in the 12th year of Chenghua), born in Xiao, Chen Fei, Zhu Jianshen. 1487 (July 11th, 23rd year of Chenghua) awarded Wang Xing, 1494 (September 18th, 7th year of Hongzhi) awarded Guang 'an Lu State (now Zhongxiang City). 15 19 (June 17, 14) died at the age of 44. Zhu Houzhao, a Ming Wuzong, gave him a "gift", chose an auspicious place in Song Linshan, renovated the cemetery according to the meaning of the prince, and was buried on the third day of April the following year. 152 1 year (March 16th year of Zheng De), Zhu Houzhao, Amin Wuzong, died without children. According to the instruction of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Houzong, who had just been named king of prosperous times, was welcomed to Beijing for the sake of Shizong of Ming Dynasty. After Zhu Houzong became emperor, he inherited this system alone, regardless of the opposition of courtiers, and pursued his biological father Zhu Youjue as emperor. 152 1 year (October 16th year of Zheng De), Zhu Youjue was honored as "Xing Xian Di"; 1523 (the second year of Jiajing), "Xian Di Family Temple in Mingxing enjoys rites and music as eight Shu"; 1524 (March 3rd year of Jiajing) was honored as "Xian Di". In July, Xian Di, the East Room of Fengxian Temple, was honored as "Emperor Kao Gongmu Xian Di". In September, it was renamed Emperor Xiaozong Jingdi as "Emperor Bokao". 1526 (September 5, Jiajing) "In Feng 'an, the emperor worships the temple; 1538 (September 17th year of Jiajing), and the name of the temple was honored as "Zong Rui"; 1548 (twenty-seven years of Jiajing): Congratulations to the ancestral temple for offering sacrifices to the emperor.
After Emperor Zhu Youjue proclaimed himself emperor, Xingyuan Mausoleum was upgraded and rebuilt according to the mausoleum regulations. 1523 (April 2nd, Jiajing), the original black tile of Wangfen in Xingxian County was replaced by yellow glazed tile, and Lu Shen Bridge was built. 1524 (March 3 of Jiajing), the tomb was officially renamed as apparition. In August of the same year, Bao Yang, eunuch of Xianling mausoleum, invited his pet to suggest that "the scale of the mausoleum gate wall is small, and the mausoleum system of Tianshou Mountain should be built more", which was resisted by Zhao Huang, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, on the grounds that "the mausoleum system should be commensurate with the landscape, but it is difficult to be the same". However, Zhu Houzong personally recommended the statue, and in 1527 (the sixth year of Jiajing), he "ordered the construction of a mausoleum similar to the system of the Seven Tombs of Tianshou Mountain", repaired Baocheng and Baoding, rebuilt the Appreciation Hall, added Fangcheng Ming Building, Gongrui Shengde Monument Building and Dahongmen, and built watchtowers and 12 pairs of stone statues on both sides of Lu Shen in front of Longfeng Gate, and began to develop. 153 1 year (February 10th year of Jiajing), Song Linshan was preserved as "Chunde Mountain" and a monument was erected to build a pavilion. 1532 (October 11th year of Jiajing), the reconstruction project came to an end. 1538 (December 17th year of Jiajing), Zhu Houzong's biological mother, Empress Zhang Sheng, passed away. Zhu Houzong arrived at Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing, and arrived at the Buding Foundation at the foot of Dayu Mountain in the southwest of Changling, ready to move to Xianling, and ordered Hou Guoxun of Wuding and Jiang Yao, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, to build a new mausoleum. "To welcome the emperor to take an examination of Zigong, move here." However, since 1524 (the third year of Jiajing), the proposal to move the fairy to Tianshou Mountain was opposed by courtiers and Empress Zhang. After returning to the palace from Dayushan, he decided to bury the fairy with his mother's coffin. In the first month of the following year, Zhu Houzong's southern tour inherited Tianfu. Because there was water in Gongxuan Palace, he ordered the Ministry of Rites: "The imperial examination showed the mausoleum, but the previous dynasty made it narrow. Although it was added and repaired, it was still not weighed. We bowed down to the mausoleum, read the mountains and rivers with the ministers around us, and even had a good omen to rebuild the Xuangong, so that the emperor could test the gods infinitely. " After visiting the fairies in the exhibition, he "rode on Lingshan, stood in the north of Huangkao Mausoleum ... and turned his life into a camp". In that month, Gu Lin, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, was ordered to supervise the work. According to the decided "schema", a new Xuan Palace was built, and a tall brick platform named "Yaotai" was used to connect the old and new treasure cities in series, forming an unprecedented special pattern of the Ming Tombs. 1539 (March 18th year of Jiajing), Zhu Houzong returned to Beijing from his southern tour, and visited the tomb of Dayushan in April. After comparing with the geomantic situation of Xianling, he came to the conclusion that "the valley is desolate and as perfect as Chunde Mountain; Never use the previous discussion to serve the south with goodwill. " Dayu Mountain Palace is empty. In May, Jingshan sent Hou Cuiyuan to escort his mother's coffin south, and in July, he was buried with Zhu Youjue in Xinxuan Palace of Yu Xian Mausoleum. 1542 (twenty-one year of Jiajing), Jingzhou was changed to Xianlingwei, and 1200 was replaced. In September, he was ordered to build the Temple of the Emperor, and sent Jin, the eunuch in charge of the Inner Palace, to supervise the project together with Liu Jie, the right assistant minister of Huguang Governor. Since then, the construction of the fairy has been continuing. 1554 (April, thirty-three years of Jiajing), he was ordered to rebuild Xiangdian, that is, the temple was "like Jingling system". Lu Xun, right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, right suggestion and prefect project of Douchayuan. 1556 (July, the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing), the left corner gate, the convenient road, the imperial bridge and the wall of Erhongmen in Xianling were built. The expansion project was not finally completed until 1559 (September, 38th year of Jiajing). 1566 (September, forty-five years of Jiajing), Zhang Shouzhi, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Communications, rebuilt the Temple of Grace, and the construction of Xianling came to an end.
At the end of the Ming dynasty, the fairy was destroyed. According to Tan Qian's Guo Que, 1642 (December 15th year of Chongzhen), "Li Zicheng was a great success. ..... attack the mausoleum and burn the temple ",and the wooden structure of the ground building was partially destroyed.
In the Qing Dynasty, with the intervention of local officials, faeries were protected to a certain extent. There is a stone tablet in the fairy, which records the notice of local officials asking the village to protect the fairy.