Collect geographical information in daily life

For details, see /question/20683038.html1. Debris flows Debris flows often occur in canyon areas and areas prone to earthquakes and volcanoes, and they occur in groups during heavy rain periods. It is a torrent of mud and rocks that erupts in an instant and is the most serious natural disaster in the mountainous area. Frequent areas: Pacific Rim fold belt (mountain system), Alpine-Himalayan fold belt, and some fold mountainous areas within the Eurasian continent. There are nearly 50 countries in the world where there is a potential threat of mudslides. Among the more serious ones are Colombia, Peru, Switzerland, China, and Japan. There are more than 10,000 debris flow gullies in China, most of which are distributed in Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Gansu. In Sichuan and Yunnan, there are mostly mudslides due to rain, while on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there are mostly ice, snow, and mudslides. More than 70 counties in China are potentially threatened by mudslides. Japan has more than 62,000 debris flow gullies, which often occur in spring and rainy seasons. In 1970, a mudslide erupted in the Huascaran Mountains in Peru. More than 5 million cubic meters of snow and water, carrying mud and rocks, rushed towards the Peruvian city of Juncai at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour, killing 23,000 people. The disaster was horrific. In 1985, Colombia's Ruiz Volcano debris flow hit nearly 30,000 square kilometers of land at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour, including towns, rural areas, and fields. The city of Amero in Colombia was reduced to rubble, killing 25,000 people. 150,000 livestock died, 130,000 people became homeless, and economic losses reached US$5 billion. The mudslide disaster that is still fresh in people's memory: On May 6, 1998, Naples and other areas in southern Italy were suddenly hit by a mudslide disaster that was very rare since the founding of the country. More than 100 people died, more than 200 people were missing, and more than 2,000 people were left homeless. The 56-year-old Forsler from the village of Sarno was awakened by strange noises in his sleep and wanted to open the door to see what was going on. His wife helped him turn on the light. The moment Forsler opened the door, a huge flow of mud knocked him to the ground. His wife reached out in panic and tried to pull up her husband, but more The mud flow continued to pour in and the mud flow rose. She had to jump on the table to take shelter, and watched helplessly as her husband was swallowed by the mud flow. Just like this, many people were silently submerged and washed away by the mud flow, without even a chance to call for help. As our ecological environment is increasingly severely damaged, the frequency of global debris flow outbreaks has increased dramatically since the 20th century, with more than a hundred occurrences. 2. Hurricanes Hurricanes, also known as typhoons and tornadoes, are tropical cyclones that form near the equatorial ocean. Hurricanes often travel thousands of kilometers and sweep through multiple countries, causing huge damage. The Caribbean, Bay of Bengal, China, and the Philippines are the most severely affected by wind disasters on the planet, followed by Central America, the United States, Japan, and India, with the South Atlantic having the least impact. The reason is that wind sources mostly come from the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and Atlantic Ocean. In September 1999, Hurricane Floyd hit the eastern United States, killing at least 47 people. After making landfall on the southeastern coast of the United States on September 14, it moved north and successively hit Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina. , New York and other states and the capital Washington, causing serious casualties and property losses. The wind speed reached a maximum of about 200 kilometers per hour, and dropped to less than 100 kilometers per hour two days later, turning into a tropical storm. Wherever Hurricane Floyd passed, heavy rains fell, causing flooding in many places, damaging houses, halting traffic, and cutting off power supply. People's work and life were seriously affected. In South Carolina, North Carolina, New Jersey and Virginia, Hurricane *** left 1.5 million homes without power. Public schools in New Jersey and cities such as Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York are generally closed, with 3 million students unable to attend school. In addition, flights were grounded and trains suspended, leaving tens of thousands of passengers stranded. In Washington, many federal government departments only have on-duty staff, meetings of the House of Representatives have also been postponed, and many activities have been canceled. Raging Hurricane Lenny: Hurricane Lenny hit the Virgin Islands on November 20, 1999, hitting the Virgin Islands with a speed of 217 kilometers per hour and triggering storms and heavy rains. According to statistics, more than 80 tropical cyclones with wind power of magnitude 8 or above are generated around the world every year, with about 20,000 deaths and more than 8 billion US dollars in economic losses. There have been eight hurricane disasters in history that caused more than 100,000 deaths.

The largest hurricane disaster in the 20th century occurred in Bangladesh: On November 12, 1970, a hurricane swept through Bangladesh along with a storm surge. 300,000 people died, 280,000 cattle and 500,000 poultry died, and the economic losses were immeasurable.