Songzi historical humanities

The old city is called Songzi old county, and Songzi county was established in the third year of Xiankang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 337). Since then, the county name has been used to this day, and the county seat is located in the old city. The county seat is located in the northwest corner of Songzi, with three townships and four rivers in the south, hilly Wuling remnant veins, endless Yangtze River in the north, Jianghan Plain full of praise and fertile fields in the east, and beautiful Three Gorges surrounded by mountains in the west. This is the southwest bank of the ancient Yunmengze. Before the Qing dynasty, it was once an important commercial port on the main channel of the Yangtze River. At that time, the merchants' thoroughfare was mainly water transport. Bashu merchant ships entered the police and Anxiang of Dongting Lake from the entrance of Songzi Cocoon River, and then went to the Yueyang exit of Dongting Lake. Merchant ships from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in Hunan entered the Dongting Lake to the exit of Songzi Cocoon River via Anxiang and Gongan, which is more than 0/00 kilometers closer than Shishou and Jingsha. Jiangnan is a thousand miles away from here. According to historical records, the Ming Dynasty called the Imperial Embankment. Tianwangtang and Heishan Temple, about two miles away from the west gate of the county seat, are the starting points of the imperial dike, and there are no dike facilities in the west. The Wangmazui of Ximen River outside the city is Songzi Ancient Ferry, which used to be a lively scene with many masts on the shore and Qian Fan racing in the river. Thousands of people surrender every day and watch thousands of lights at night. Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, entered Sichuan in the sixth year of Song Xiaozong Road (A.D. 1 170) and joined the army of Wang Yan, Fu Xuan's ambassador to Sichuan. When passing through Songzi, there is a seven-rhythm poem "Songzi Ferry at Night", which says that "the boat crosses Songzi River at sunset, and Ma Yun is buried in the valley". Songzi Ferry is now Ximen River. When he passed Songzi for the second time, he spent the night at the ferry, enjoyed the moon and drank poems on the boat, and wrote a five-meter poem "Songzi Drink", probably in winter, pointing out the geographical position of Songzi with the phrase "The wind shakes the clouds and dreams, and the snow meets Xiaoxiang". Liu Yuxi, a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, wrote a seven-rhythm poem "Songzi Wangdu Gorge", but seeing the light rain on the ferry, the cold plum blossoms on the shore, the snow melting in the clouds, and the grass growing in the dream, sighing the battle of Chu, Qin and Yiling, Qin Jun has become a black soil. Shu Han conquered Wu in the Three Kingdoms, and Liu Bei built Yong 'an Palace outside Baidicheng, which was already a pile of wasteland. The author lives in the old county town of Songzi, and when he was young, he was fortunate to have seen the artistic conception of his predecessors in Wangduxia, Songzi. Before 1958, the air was crisp in autumn, after the rain cleared, and ten thousand angstroms were clean. I stood on the shore of the ferry and looked from a distance, but I saw the sky in the west was high and the peaks stood tall, and Bashan continued eastward, with fog rising and white clouds winding around the mountains, bamboo trees being trimmed, and the houses seemed to have a panoramic view of the twelve peaks of Wushan. The afterglow of the setting sun passes through the peak like a colorful sword. No wonder the poets in Tang and Song Dynasties once again lingered, stopped drinking and writing poems, and pinned their nostalgia for the past. However, such a beautiful scenery has never been seen since 1958 ... What they heard was the rumble of the lime factory in Yangcheng quarry, Yangxi, and what they saw was the dusty sky of Zhicheng Cement Factory and Yidu Fertilizer Factory and the billowing smoke from the chimney of Yidu Third Line Factory. Before 1958, Songzi River was a perennial river. In winter, a large number of wooden boats from Sichuan and Hunan docked at Gudukou, but now it has become a seasonal river in just over 50 years because of silt blockage and river bed elevation.

In the twelfth year of Ming Taizu's founding (1476), Songzi county began to build a earthen city, and in the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang (1845), Jiangxi native Lu Xipu was appointed as Songzi county magistrate to rebuild a brick city. He assigned the task of burning bricks to all counties in the county. All hills and mountainous areas are fired according to uniform specifications, and sent to the county for acceptance by trolleys. The lake area pays its own money to deliver grain to the south gate of the county. At present, there are words such as Liu Jiachang, He Jie and Xizhai. Lu Xianling was an honest scholar among the Jinshi in Qing Dynasty, and his calligraphy attainments were quite high. When he came to Songzi to take office, he passed by Wuchang. He was a friend of Wuchang magistrate and invited him to give a banquet for Mo Bao. He was slightly drunk and wrote the word "goose", with the word "bird" on the top and the word "goose" on the bottom. This monument is now in the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang. There is only the word "Lianyun Tower" in his handwriting. This man is proficient in Yin and Yang Feng Shui. He saw that the foundation of the old county was Long Mai, and there might be a son of heaven and a prime minister. The emperor is Zhu and the prime minister is Qi. When rebuilding the brick city, he moved the east gate of the original east to the southeast, saying that it was to press the Zhujiajian vein, and to build a city god temple to press the faucet, build a cloud tower to press the dragon waist, and build a cloud tower to press the dragon tail, so that the cloud tower can press the family vein. Since then, both Zhu and Qi have changed. The county building was built in three years in the 27th year of Daoguang (1847). The city is three feet high and seven miles around, surrounded by a moat, two feet wide and one foot deep. The ancient city of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was well preserved, with four streets and twelve lanes, 72 wells, three chastity archways and a twisted archway. There are many temples and pavilions in this city. "Guandi Renwei Kaili Temple, Kongchangdeng Yunlou, Wuzhai Bridge and Jingxin Lotus Pond", namely Guandi Temple, Ren Guan Wei Temple, Kaili Temple, Confucian Temple, Wenchang Palace, Drum Tower, Wujiating, Lianyun Tower, Gongyue Bridge, Chenghuang Temple, Jingxiu Temple and Lotus Pond. When Japanese invaders invaded the south, their planes often bombed the old city. In order to escape, the ancient city walls began to be destroyed. 1954 During the flood, the Qingshiban Road in the urban area was pried, and some stone archways were destroyed, so stones were used for flood control. During the Cultural Revolution, the "Four Old Houses" were broken, and all the ancient buildings and city walls in the city were destroyed, leaving only the Lianyun Tower outside the East Gate. Unfortunately, many bodhisattvas in the Chenghuang Temple were smashed. The city god carved by camphor wood is lifelike, and the joints of the whole body can move like real people. The city god was chopped and burned as firewood, and the Ten Temples were clay sculptures of Yamaraja, with vivid images of people and ghosts, which taught people to be virtuous, do more good and not be evil. Later, the Chenghuang Temple was converted into a grain storage warehouse. The four heavenly kings of Kaili Temple are taller than those of Hanyang Guiyuan Temple. After being smashed, they picked up dozens of loads of mud and hemp mixed soil residue. Maitreya, which is more than two meters high, is made of pig iron. After being smashed, they were sent to agricultural machinery to make plows, and some bronze bodhisattva incense burners in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties were smashed and sold as scrap copper to the scrap purchasing department of the supply and marketing cooperative. If put now, how high the value of those national treasures should be! Guandi Temple is relatively large, with triple halls and an annex behind it. Before liberation, there were buddhas and monks. At the beginning of liberation, all the facilities in the main hall were demolished and turned into theatres and auditoriums. Wenchang Palace also has a large area. Before liberation, it was changed from Liu, the big landlord, to Zhongzheng Middle School. Liu himself is the principal. Wujiating is located in West Street, opposite to the agricultural machinery factory, with the lotus pond behind it. It is a hexagonal pavilion-style building. There is a stone tablet of the Ming Dynasty, more than two meters high, with eleven words written on it, "The former residence of Wu Zhongxiang, the minister of the Ministry of War of the Ming Dynasty". Wu Zu was born in Songzi City. Until the eve of liberation, there were descendants of Wu around the county to collect rent. Deng Yun Mansion, commonly known as Drum Tower, is located in Zhongjie. Below is an arched doorway made of uniform blue stone, with a width of 10 foot and a height of 15 foot, which spans three feet across the street, and a platform made of slate. There is a hexagonal pavilion-shaped two-story tower-shaped building in the center of the platform, with a small area. There is a kuixing carved in it with a writing brush in his hand. There is a shrine called "Kuixing Diandou" for Xing's use, and there is a big plaque on the rostrum that says "Tiankai". Before liberation, someone opened a teahouse on it. During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there was a big clock hanging on the Drum Tower, which was attended by special personnel. When the opportunity came, the alarm sounded. After hearing the bell, the residents of the whole city hid in the bomb shelter, and the building was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Near the northwest of the Drum Tower is the Confucian Temple. There is a stone archway in front of the temple, five feet wide and three feet high, with four columns and two floors. There are hollow stone carvings on it, such as "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Dragon and Phoenix Becoming Blessed, Kirin Sending Children", which is unprecedented in Jingzhou. Walking past the stone archway, it is a moon palace bridge made of bluestone. There is a swimming pool under the bridge. Crossing the bridge is the main hall. There is a memorial tablet in the middle of the hall, four feet high, with the words "Dacheng to the Lord" written on it. Directly opposite the archway, there is a slate made of bluestone (there was a slate in front of Lao Gong Xue) to do good deeds and let people go. Second, in the Qing Dynasty, most scholars and scholars had to turn around the rock three times before they could enter the Confucius Temple to pay homage to Confucius. Later, after the demolition, stones were used for flood control, and the temple was changed into a police station and a town government. Dynasties change and things change. For various reasons, this is the precious legacy left by our ancestors. ...

There are two paleolithic sites in Songzi County, one is Wangmazui of Ximenhe in the old city, and the other is osmanthus tree in Yanglin, which is very close to Gongan County. Before liberation, when I was in primary school, I often asked my classmates to take a cold bath in Ximen River, and I also saw the ruins of caves that collapsed after the shore was washed by the river. There are four half-burned caves side by side. The soil in the cave is all red, and there are many stone fragments on the river bank outside the cave. At that time, we didn't care about these stones. 195 1 year, the Jingzhou Archaeological Team came here for archaeology and unearthed many paleolithic tools, such as stone knives and axes, which are still preserved in Jingzhou Museum.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Songzi suffered from natural and man-made disasters twice. One was the peasant uprising in Li Zicheng in the late Ming Dynasty. Li Zicheng's nephew Li Laiheng occupied Songzi Yidu and other places, and people fled in large numbers. The second time was in the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), when Wu Sangui fought against the Qing Dynasty and claimed to be the King of Zhou. The vanguard of its rebel army arrived in Songzi County, and its patrol shaft was set in Huanglong Temple in Taoziling, about eight kilometers outside the south gate of the county, and there was a Happy Valley near the temple where its troops were stationed for training. It is said that he claimed to be the only thrill, and when Huanglong came down to spend the night in Huanglong Temple, it was the spring planting season, and there was a weir pond next to the temple, and the frogs made him unable to sleep. He said, "Go to the dead, so as not to make trouble." From then on, the frogs in Huanglong Temple stopped barking, but this is only a legend. When the Japanese invaders invaded the south, the author fled and lived under Huanglong Temple, and the frogs in the weir pond cried happily. In the 16th year of Kangxi, the navy of the Qing army and the navy of Wu Sangui fought a decisive battle in the Cocoon Songzi River, and Wu Sangui was defeated and retreated into Dongting Lake, which never recovered. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi, he proclaimed himself emperor in Hengzhou (now Hengyang) and died soon. For about half a year, Wu Zaisongzi collected food from Latin everywhere, which led to rural desolation, depressed merchants, people fleeing everywhere, and the population in the county decreased greatly. Until the early years of Qianlong, the immigration policy of filling Jiangxi Huguang and Sichuan Huguang was implemented. It is said that young men and women aged 15 to 50 in Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Guangxi were tied up with ropes and sent to Sichuan first. Jiangxi has not suffered from war, and its population is prosperous. For example, the Dai nationality in Songzi is originally from Jiexiu County, Jiangxi Province. The three brothers were escorted to Songzi and arranged outside the west gate of the county, covering an area of more than 20 mu. Later, the eldest brother settled in the county, the second moved to Wang Jiaqiao, and the third moved to Mashan, Jiangling. During the nearly two hundred years from Qianlong to the Republic of China, Songzi entered a period of relatively stable society, relatively prosperous commerce and trade, farmers living and working in peace and contentment, and prosperous population.

In the early years of the Republic of China, foreign invasion of China, domestic warlords scuffled and distributed Latin money everywhere, which led to the desolation of rural areas, the closure of merchants, the depression of people's livelihood, and the broad masses of the people were in dire straits. 1927, Dr. Sun Yat-sen launched the Northern Expedition in Guangzhou. This autumn, the Northern Expeditionary Army led by He Long occupied Songzi County without fighting. The people call it "the south soldiers drive the north soldiers." Southern soldiers have two weapons, a broadsword and a rifle tied with HongLing, and a bandage and a big straw hat tied to their legs. Although they are short, they are full of energy and high morale. The northern soldiers also have two kinds of weapons, a pipe and a rifle. They usually commit crimes in county towns, and they all go to opium dens. When the Northern Expeditionary Army called, it ran away and did not dare to fight. The headquarters of the Northern Expeditionary Army was located in the county yamen. It only stayed for more than a month and went to Yichang, Yidu, to pursue the Northern Army.

In 1930s, Song Zhiyi County was an adjacent area, especially Songzi County and Zhijiang County, and there were frequent quarrels over boundary issues, sometimes even Xiaozhouzi outside the north gate of Songzi County in Zhijiang County was included. At that time, the names of the county magistrates in the three counties were also very interesting, and the people dubbed them "coming with camels." Songzi County is called Yanye, Zhijiang County is called He, and Yidu County is called Yu Qilai. There is a feud in the history of Songzi Zhijiang. The hill by the river about two Li away from the west gate of the ancient city is called Bailongling. About a mile up, there is a stone protruding on the river, like a big stone, called wine retort, and then there is a river vortex called light vortex. Zhijiang Bailizhou is on the Bailonggeng side, named Shijiahe (dead), Hujiahe (paste) is on the wine retort side, and Xujiahe is on the light vortex side. Coincidentally, the other party is really these three surnames, which may be a coincidence.