The Historical Origin of the Spring Festival _ National Characteristics of the Spring Festival
catalogue
The Origin of the Spring Festival
The historical development of the Spring Festival
National characteristics of the Spring Festival
First, the origin of the Spring Festival
The origin of ancient traditional festivals is related to ancient primitive beliefs, sacrificial culture, astronomical phenomena, calendars and other humanistic and natural cultural contents. According to the research results of modern anthropology and archaeology, the two most primitive beliefs of human beings are the belief in heaven and earth and the belief in ancestors. Most of the traditional festivals in ancient times were formed in the activities of the ancients choosing a day to offer sacrifices to thank the gods of heaven and earth and their ancestors for their kindness. The early festival culture embodies the ancient people's humanistic spirit of advocating nature, the unity of man and nature, cautiously pursuing the future, and firmly thinking about the source; A series of sacrificial activities contain profound cultural connotations, such as respecting morality, ritual and music civilization, etc. The formation of New Year's Day covers humanistic philosophy and natural laws.
The concept of "year" comes from the ancient calendar, and Pangu and Sanhui all have the concept of "year". : "the emperor of heaven began to make branch names to determine the age." "sui" means "the subject" (the original branch), also known as "sui xing" and "tai sui" At the age of 60, the running cycle is 60 Jiazi (chronology of branches and branches), and it starts again and again. In the process of inheritance and development, future generations simplified the multi-syllable terms of this group of years into one word, and their comparison with simplified branches was recorded in Erya and Historical Records. For example, in the traditional era, I took pictures of Taige in the shade, Maoli alone, ... Sleepiness in the son and excitement in the ugly (from Erya Shi Tian). The ancients took heavenly stems and earthly branches as the carrier, and the heavenly stem carried the way of heaven, and the earth supported the way of the earth; In nature, it takes shape underground, in human luck; Therefore, heavenly stems and earthly branches was established to contract the fate of heaven and earth. The orientation of heaven and earth is determined by supporting time and space, and ten branches and twelve branches are combined to form a 60-week calendar, with the twelve zodiac signs and twenty-four solar terms as the basic contents. The era of the main branch begins with the bucket handle of the Big Dipper pointing to the "Yin Jian" moon in the northeast, and then rotates clockwise to start a year. Yin position is the root of gossip, the orientation of the end of the year and the beginning of the year, representing the end and beginning. For example, Yi Shuo Gua Zhuan says: "Gen, the divination in the northeast is also the beginning of all things." That is, from beginning of spring to the next beginning of spring, it is called one year old, and beginning of spring is the beginning of a year.
The establishment of the ancient branch calendar provided decisive conditions for the emergence of festivals, and primitive beliefs and sacrificial culture were important factors for the formation of New Year festivals. The Spring Festival evolved from praying for the New Year at the beginning of the year. In ancient times, people held sacrificial activities at the beginning of the new year after the end of farming at the age of one (year) to pay homage to the gods and ancestors of heaven and earth and pray for a good year. Although the situation of ancient sacrificial ceremonies is unknown, we can still find some ancient custom relics from later festivals. For example, in some areas of Lingnan, there is a custom of paying New Year's greetings on the first day of the New Year, and there is a grand ceremony to worship the gods and ancestors during the New Year, which shows the clues of praying for the New Year in ancient times. In the original sense, the beginning of a year refers to the beginning of spring, which means the beginning of everything and the rebirth of everything, which means a new cycle has begun, so the beginning of spring is the beginning of a year, that is, a year's festival. A series of festivals in beginning of spring not only formed the framework of New Year's Day celebrations in later generations, but also preserved their folk functions to this day. The origin and development of the Spring Festival is a process of gradual formation, subtle improvement and popularization. As an important part of China's traditional culture, Spring Festival culture reflects China's profound cultural heritage and records the rich and colorful cultural contents of ancient people's social life.
& lt& lt& lt
Two. The historical development of the Spring Festival
Time evolution
China's astrology culture has a long history and is profound. The ancients began to explore the mysteries of the universe very early, and thus deduced a complete and profound star-watching culture. In ancient times, the change of astrological space was used to mark the time change of the four seasons in a year (year), and the Big Dipper rotated in cycles, which was closely related to the change of seasons. The Big Dipper is an important astrology in the northern hemisphere. The climate and phenology of Huangchi Jiao Jiao and its vicinity in the northern hemisphere also changed gradually when the stars changed, which also became the basis for ancient people to judge the changes of seasons and solar terms, that is, the so-called "bucket handle refers to the east, and the world is spring; Guide to barrel handle, it's summer in the world; Bucket handle refers to the west, and the world is autumn; Bucket handle refers to the north, and the world is winter. ". The bucket handle rotation of the Big Dipper points to the twelfth day in turn, which is called the "December Tower" (or "December Order"), and the "Building" represents the direction of the top of the bucket handle of the Big Dipper; Bucket handle starts from the yin position and turns around the east, south, west and north. The end of the year refers to the ugly side, and the first month returns to the shade. Therefore, "bucket handle returns to Yin" is beginning of spring, which is the beginning of a year; "bucket handle Yin Hui" refers to the beginning of everything and the rebirth of everything. In the ancient Ganzhi era, Yin was built in the first month (photographed in Teague), and beginning of spring was the beginning of the year (the first day of the New Year). Due to China's vast territory and the disparity in climate, the specific climatic significance of "beginning of spring" is not applicable to all parts of the country, and the "beginning of spring" solar term is only a reference for many regions. In the historical development and evolution, due to the changes of dynasties and calendars, the date of the beginning of a year (New Year) is also different. China's New Year, the date is not consistent:
In ancient times, the epoch method was taken from the age of eighteen, that is, the chronology method of cadres and branches, with silver moon as the first month and beginning of spring as the beginning of the year. After the simplification of heavenly stems and earthly branches, it took ten days to say: A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui, and twelve places to say: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. Ten heavenly stems and twelve earthly branches are matched in turn to form a 60-week calendar. (The photo age is now called Ganzhili; Classified as the solar calendar, also known as the China solar calendar).
Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties: January in spring is the first month of Xia Dynasty, December in Shang Dynasty and November in Zhou Dynasty. (lunar calendar)
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, it was stipulated that October in winter was the first month. (lunar calendar)
Qin calendar (Zhuan Xu calendar) was adopted in the early Han Dynasty. In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, namely 104 BC, astronomers, Luo, and others formulated a calendar (also known as the "eighty-uniform calendar"), which absorbed the solar terms of the dry branch calendar as a supplement to the calendar guiding farming, and restored the original October 1st in winter to January 1st in spring.
After the Han Dynasty, several emperors changed their calendars and years. After Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, it was stipulated that the new moon in December was the beginning of a year, which was stipulated by Andrew. Wei Mingdi was renamed Andrew by Cao Cao. After Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, she changed her title to "Zhou" and adopted it. Since then, all dynasties have been changed to Xia Zheng, with 1 month 1 day as the beginning of the year.
After several generations of development, later generations gradually improved the early calendar into the current summer calendar. Since then, China has been using the summer calendar. After 1970, the "summer calendar" was renamed as the "lunar calendar" (lunar calendar, also known as the combined calendar of yin and yang).
After the Revolution of 1911, it gradually changed to Gregorian calendar (a kind of solar calendar, also known as Gregorian calendar). Later, in order to distinguish between the two New Years, January 1st in the summer calendar was just before and after the solar term "beginning of spring", and the solar term "beginning of spring" was one of the 24 solar terms in the official calendar, so January 1st in the summer calendar was renamed as "Spring Festival" and January 1st in the solar calendar as "New Year's Day".
1965438+In July 2003 (in the second year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai approved the first day of the first month as the Spring Festival, and agreed to take a day off for the Spring Festival, starting from 19 14. Since then, the beginning of the summer calendar has changed from the previous Spring Festival to the Spring Festival.
& lt& lt& lt
3. National characteristics of the Spring Festival
China is a multi-ethnic country, and each ethnic group has different ways to celebrate the New Year. Ancient Mongols called the Spring Festival "White Festival" and the first month was Bai Yue, which means good luck. Tibetans celebrate the Tibetan calendar year. [93] Korean Koreans also had the custom of Spring Festival under the influence of China culture. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stayed up all night, and the music of Ye Qin and flute brought people into the New Year. A traditional celebration was held on the evening of the fifteenth day of the first month. Several elected old people boarded the "moon-watching frame" to see the bright moon first, which symbolizes the health, progress and all the best for future generations. Then, everyone danced around the lighted "moon viewing frame", accompanied by long drums, flutes and suona music. In the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, there is a tradition of "looking for fruit" before the autumn harvest. According to legend, this is a relic of the Chinese New Year in June in ancient Tibet. There is also the Tibetan calendar for the Chinese New Year in October, which comes from those ancient times. Around the 3rd century A.D./KLOC-0, when the sagar Dynasty ruled Tibet, Tibetans celebrated the New Year in the first month of the Tibetan calendar. The Daur people's Spring Festival is called "Agne". On the morning of New Year's Eve, every family cleaned the courtyard and made a tall crib with sundries and livestock manure in front of the gate. After the chimney is lit at night, the air is filled with faint smoke, and the festive atmosphere is everywhere. In the evening, the whole family eats hand-grabbed meat and carries out various activities to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. People plant incense in the snow on the west side of the house and bow to the west to show their memory of their ancestors. During the Spring Festival, people of Gaoshan ethnic group wear gorgeous national costumes and gather in groups at the edge of the village to drink and enjoy songs and dances accompanied by musical instruments. Some villages also hold harpoon competitions and carry out sports activities, such as lifting basketball and pole ball. ?
& lt& lt& lt
Historical origin of articles related to the Spring Festival;
★ The historical origin of the Spring Festival
★ The origin and significance of the Spring Festival
★ The origin and customs of the Spring Festival
★ What is the origin of the Spring Festival?
★ The origin of the Spring Festival
★ The origin and traditional customs of the Spring Festival
★ The origin of the Spring Festival
★ Introduction to the origin of the Spring Festival
var _ HMT = _ HMT | |[]； (function(){ var hm = document . createelement(" script ")； hm.src = "/hm.js？ 1 fc3c 5445 c 1 ba 79 CFC 8 B2 d 8 178 C3 C5 DD "； var s = document . getelementsbytagname(" script ")[0]； s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm，s)； })();