Administrative divisions of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County
After 200 1 year, Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 4 towns and 7 townships: Taikang Town, Yantongtun Town, Huji Tumo Town, Talaha Town, Jiangwan Township, Yixin Township, Keltai Township, Baiyinnuole Township, Yaoxin Township, Bayanchagan Township and Olin Xibo Township. It covers an area of 6054 square kilometers. Adjust 135 administrative villages to 82. The geological structure of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County belongs to Songliao syncline, which is located on the terrace in the west of Songliao sag. The basement is composed of relatively arched fault blocks between the large fault zone and the central depression zone, which gradually descends from west to east. The basement is covered with huge thickness of sediment.
The stratigraphic structure of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County is as follows: Tertiary Taikang Formation is gray and grayish white sand layer, containing gravel and gray and grayish green sandy mudstone, with a sedimentary thickness of 62-94m. In unconformity contact with Quaternary. Quaternary is the overburden of the basin. The upper part is black humus soil, loess and loose sand layer, and the lower part is taupe and black clay. The bottom is grayish white, yellow gray sand layer and gravel layer, and the deposition thickness is about 1 18m. On the low-lying wetland flooded by the river in Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, there are swamp meadow vegetation with narrow leaves and thick shells of wet plants as the constructive species. In the lowlands of the central, northern and eastern regions, different degrees of salinized meadow soil are often formed, in which Leymus chinensis and PUCCINELLIA tenuiflora communities are distributed. Due to the micro-changes, different types of complexes are often formed in it, which are mainly composed of Leymus chinensis and PUCCINELLIA tenuiflora, and Suaeda salsa, Artemisia scoparia and reed grow around the alkali bubble. There are zonal vegetation on the sand dunes in the middle, mostly meadow grassland vegetation, mainly Stipa baikal community. According to the survey, there are 73 species of aquatic plants belonging to 29 families in the county, among which economic plants are reed, cattail and water chestnut. The annual output of commercial reeds in the county exceeds 6.5438+500,000 tons.
There are 304 species of terrestrial plants belonging to 60 families 189 genera, among which 144 species are forage plants, accounting for 47.4% of grassland plants, mainly including grasses and leguminous grasses such as Leymus chinensis and Lespedeza, with an annual output of 300,000 tons of high-quality forage. The main medicinal plants are Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Platycodi, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Scutellariae Radix, Lily, Radix Adenophorae, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati and Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, accounting for 33.90% of the total plant species. Crops are mainly corn, millet, sorghum, soybean, miscellaneous beans and rice. Artificial forage grass is mainly sweet clover, alfalfa and astragalus adsurgens, which grow well; The main tree species for artificial afforestation are poplar and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Mongolian oak, elm, willow, seabuckthorn and Caragana. Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County belongs to Palaearctic realm, Daxing 'anling subregion and Songliao Plain subregion in the zoogeographical division of China. On the whole, the wild animal resources in this county are rich in species and large in quantity, showing a downward trend as a whole and a recovery trend for individual animal resources.
Birds: There are 149 species of birds in Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, belonging to 16 orders and 36 families, among which 86 species are non-passerine birds, accounting for 58% of all birds; There are 63 species of passeriformes, accounting for 42% of all birds. There are many kinds of rare and endangered animals, such as red-crowned cranes.
Fish: There are 5 1 species of main fish in Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, belonging to 12 family.
Mammals: There are 23 species of mammals in 5 orders, 9 families in Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, accounting for 22.5% of the total number of mammals in the province. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the county was particularly rich in animal resources, including antelope, roe deer, fox, raccoon dog, badger and other economic animals and rare and endangered animal species, which often appeared in groups, with a large number and variety. The species and quantity of these animals have been greatly reduced, and they are the key protected objects of the state. Due to the decrease of carnivores, the number of small rodents has increased, which is very harmful. All kinds of rodents not only harm crops and destroy grasslands, but also infect diseases.
Amphibians and reptiles: Amphibians in this county belong to L orders, 3 families and 4 species. Reptiles belong to 3 orders, 3 families and 3 species. In 20 13, the total agricultural output value, total agricultural income and per capita net income of farmers in Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County increased from 870 million yuan, 450 million yuan and 805 yuan in 2000 to1820,000 yuan, 930 million yuan and 3 150 yuan respectively, with an increase of 109% and/respectively. The dominant position of animal husbandry has been established.
In 2005, Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County had a total of1/kloc-0.2 million cows, and sold 1.2 million tons of commercial milk to Yili, increasing by 3. 1 times and 5.7 times respectively compared with 2000. There are 2 million geese and 450,000 foxes. The output value of animal husbandry accounts for the total agricultural output value, the income of animal husbandry accounts for the total agricultural income, and the per capita income of animal husbandry accounts for more than 60% of the per capita net income in rural areas. In 2005, the industrial economy of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County continued to maintain a good momentum of sustained, rapid and healthy development. The total industrial output value was 2.35 billion yuan, an increase of 21%; Achieve sales revenue of 2.04 billion yuan, an increase of 20.4%; Realized a profit of 65.438+0.63 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 654.38+0.4%; The tax revenue was 654.38+62 million yuan, an increase of 13%. The industrial added value was 820 million yuan, up by 10.8%.
In 2005, the output value of industrial enterprises above designated size reached 654.38 billion yuan, an increase of 38.2% over 2004; The sales revenue reached 890 million yuan, an increase of14.1%over 2004; Realized a profit of 865.438 billion yuan, an increase of 25.6% over 2004; The tax revenue was 5 1 10,000 yuan, an increase of 3.5% over 2004. Third, new breakthroughs have been made in enterprise technology and product innovation.
The scale of the park continues to expand. By 2005, there were 8 enterprises and 9 projects in the park, with a total investment of 773 million yuan and a completed development and construction area of 6.5438+0.2 million square meters. The civil engineering of the new project in the park has been successfully completed, and the equipment is being installed and debugged, which can be put into production. The animal husbandry source veterinary drug processing project successfully passed the national GMP certification. In 2005, the park achieved a total industrial output value of 630 million yuan, accounting for 39.6% of the county's total local industrial output value, and paid taxes of 46.5 million yuan, providing nearly 1500 jobs. With a total investment of 1 1.98 million yuan, the construction of a 3 km ring road in the park has been completed, and the infrastructure such as water supply, drainage, power supply and communication has been further improved. For Helong, Dangshen, veterinary drug processing and other enterprises to level the site, build construction access roads, drill deep wells and other supporting services, ensuring the smooth implementation of new projects. In addition, 66 hectares of land were requisitioned in 2005, which laid the foundation for the further development of the park.
In 2005, there were 0/8 projects under construction, with a total investment of 527 million yuan, including 398 million yuan in fixed assets. First, a number of new projects achieved the goal of putting into production that year. In 2005, the 15 projects of Liansu, Lu Yi, Jinwei, Winery and so on achieved the goal of putting into production in the same year, and the production rate reached 83.3%, which cultivated new growth points for the industrial economy. Second, new breakthroughs have been made in the construction of leading industrialization projects. In 2005, based on the policy of "establishing a county by animal husbandry", the deep processing enterprises of goose products such as Zen God food, dragon down and so on were newly established. Relying on reed resources, while rationalizing the mechanism of papermaking enterprises, the project of "adding 2730 high-speed fourdrinier machine" was newly established. After these projects are put into production, they will further accelerate the transformation of resource advantages into capital advantages and enhance local industrial strength. After the new project is put into production in 2005, it can increase the production capacity by 755 million yuan and create 550 jobs, which will greatly improve the quality of industrial economy, accelerate the industrialization process of Dulbert, enhance the proportion of industrial economy in county economy and promote the rapid development of county economy.
The regional GDP of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County has increased from 65.438+0 billion yuan in 2000 to 2.35 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 654.38+08.7%, which is the fastest growth period since the establishment of the county. The total industrial and agricultural output value increased from 654.38+0.3 billion yuan in 2000 to 465.438+0.7 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 25.7%; Full-caliber industrial and commercial tax increased from 3 1.67 million yuan in 2000 to 342.97 million yuan, with an average annual increase of 60.8%; General budget revenue increased from 365.438+0.7 million yuan in 2000 to/kloc-0 1.3387 million yuan, with an average annual increase of 34%. The ranking of comprehensive evaluation of county economy and society in the province has moved forward obviously, and the ranking of full-caliber fiscal revenue in the province has risen from 5 1 in 2000 to the eighth. As early as four or five thousand years ago, human beings thrived in this beautiful and rich land of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County. The indigenous people in the Dulbert area are Mongolians, and the vast grasslands have nurtured hardworking and brave Dulbert people. A long history has nurtured splendid national culture and condensed the intelligence of nomadic people. Because of their unique national traditions and social life, Mongolian people have created unique cultural phenomena, especially in folk customs, special diets and national costumes. Due to its long history, a large number of historical celebrities have emerged and ancient national legends are circulating.
In the 30th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, Mongolia opened to the outside world, and a large number of Han Chinese moved in, so the production and cultural exchanges between Mongolia and Han became closer, which promoted the further development of Mongolian culture and art. Legends and stories spread in Dulbert grassland, such as "Han Dynasty, Why Sarilang Flowers Are Red" and "Legend of Blah", are all records of the image of this historical era. During the Puppet Manchuria, the Mongolian people created many contending oral literary works in order to resist the Japanese imperialist aggression and the oppression of monks and nuns on the rulers.
For example, the song "Curse the Old Man" against the oppression of princes and nobles, the song "Labor Sigh" against going to work, Tao's revolutionary song "Gadamerlin" and Gadamerlin's story were also introduced into the Dulbert grassland. These folk oral literature are aimed at monks, vulgar rulers and Japanese invaders. The Han nationality and other fraternal nationalities have had an important positive influence on the development of Dulbert culture, and folk songs, stories, northeast drum books, duet, yangko and cross talk are also widely spread in Dulbert area.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Durbert entered a new historical period, and great changes have taken place in economy and society. Especially under the brilliant light of the party's ethnic policy, he further promoted the national culture and made it unprecedentedly prosperous. In the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, it will inject new vitality and vitality into accelerating the development of the national economy. Nadam is a grand gathering of Mongolian people's entertainment activities. Nadam Congress in Dorbod County has a long history in Qing Dynasty. The Nadam here is divided into three levels: Su Hu (flag), Nutuk (district) and Yela (township), all of which are presided over by Mongolian princes and nobles.
1956 After the establishment of Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, it was decided to hold the Nadam meeting every autumn. The first meeting of the second year was held as scheduled. At that time every year, farmers, herdsmen, workers, students and government officials from all towns and villages in the county will organize teams to participate. Other counties and cities also sent competitive teams to entertain, gradually forming a grand festival for people of all ethnic groups in the county.
In addition to the Nadam meeting in the county, the Nadam meeting is also held every year in Mongolian inhabited areas. At present, the content of the Nadam Conference is very rich. In addition to horse racing, archery, wrestling, and three entertainment competitions such as kicking cattle, Mongolian chess, throwing and "blue", there are also modern sports competitions such as cultural performances, large-scale group gymnastics, trade fairs, track and field, basketball and volleyball. Edible meat
Mongolian meat in pastoral areas is mainly sheep meat, goat meat and beef. In the past, antelope, roe deer, wild boar, hare and pheasant were rarely hunted as food in winter. Herdsmen slaughter livestock seasonally. After the fifth month of the lunar calendar, when the grass is lush and the cattle and sheep are fat, they start to slaughter, but not in large quantities. They can be slaughtered at any time to ensure daily meat. Usually they don't kill cows.
Traditional meat-based foods mainly include: Buller, which means "whole" or "whole", and refers to the feast of whole sheep.
Dried meat: It is a traditional Mongolian food, and it is the most popular in Dulbert.
Buhule, that is, whole cattle and whole sheep. It's rare to treat people with whole cattle. It has high specifications and great style, but it's not as delicious as mutton.
milk tea
Milk tea is also called Sutaiche, and there are many kinds of milk tea. According to the literature, as early as 1300 years ago, there had been "Zizyphus jujuba porridge" for strengthening the body, stopping bleeding and treating insomnia. There is "Galenza Noodle Tea" to improve eyesight and hearing; There are many kinds of milk tea, such as "Happy Baori Ma Tang", which can spread the lungs. Pan Yucha, Jinsi Tea and Xifan Tea are the best teas in the imperial palace of Mongolia. There are many plants that can be used to make tea in the Mongolian plateau, and milk tea is also made from local materials, each with its own advantages. Milk tea in Dulbert area is different from milk tea in other parts of Mongolia.
Milk tea has the functions of relieving fatigue, stimulating people's excitement, stimulating appetite, helping digestion, lowering blood pressure and preventing arteriosclerosis. Abaga tea, in addition to the above functions, can also treat diseases such as colds, and is an excellent tonic and drink.
milk wine
Milk wine is called "Hariri" in Mongolian. Milk wine is characterized by clear, mellow, refreshing, soft and sour. When I first drank it, I felt that the wine was not strong, but I had enough stamina. People who can drink a bottle of beer at a meal will get drunk if they drink more than one kilogram of milk wine. Milk wine has the effects of expelling cold, promoting blood circulation, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals, invigorating kidney and stomach, strengthening spleen and strengthening bones. Mongolian people often drink milk wine as medicine, which can treat diseases such as stomach trouble, low back pain and tuberculosis.
Dairy food
Dairy food is mainly made of milk from cattle, sheep, horses and camels. In pastoral areas, milk is the top grade, with large output and consumption, followed by goat milk. Few people use horse milk and camel milk. During the milk production season, cows are milked twice a day. Dairy sheep (mainly goats) once a day. During the hay season, cows are milked at noon every day, and dairy sheep are no longer milked. Freshly squeezed milk is called fresh milk or raw milk, which can be drunk directly, soaked in fried rice or cooked with milk tea. It is an indispensable milk food for herders all year round. Drying Chacha in a pot to make solid yogurt is called "Aga rule", which has a miraculous effect on gastrointestinal indigestion. Mongolian is a nomadic people. The unique living environment and the nomadic economy of "living on aquatic plants" have created the Mongolian strong national temperament and unique grassland culture. Clothing art is colorful and dazzling.
For Mongolian costumes, different colors have their own symbols. Mongolians believe that the color as white as milk is the most sacred, and it is often worn on festivals and auspicious days. Blue symbolizes eternity, faithfulness and loyalty, and represents the color of Mongolian people. Red is like fire and the sun. Mongolian men and women like to wear robes, jackets and boots. Many people are still blue and dark blue, and seldom wear blue shirts. Men like to wear blue and brown, while women like to wear red, green and sky blue. In summer, the colors are lighter, such as light blue, milky white, pink and light green. The clothing of the four seasons is different, including single cloth robe, double robe, cotton robe, fur robe, vest and mandarin jacket. Both men and women like to decorate their belts with bright silk or cloth. These clothes have tassels. Satin or muslin is preferred as the fabric. Mongolian boots are mostly made of cowhide, and a few are made of horse and donkey skins. Women's boots are mostly embroidered with cloth, and they are covered with felt socks in winter, which is light and warm. In winter, leather clothes are all tanned and sewn by themselves, and they are rarely bought. The leather clothes worn at work do not hang fine wool, silk and cloth, which is economical and durable. Most of the boots worn by herders are homemade.
For the convenience of riding, men's wear mostly has wide collars and big sleeves. Cotton collar or sheep collar, suitable for cotton and leather robes. Robe coat vest, a whole piece of colored satin around the waist, no ears hanging, wearing sickle and Mongolian knife. The knife has a scabbard, and there is also a pair of ivory chopsticks or camel bone chopsticks, which are made of silver, white copper and bronze and hung on the "sea cover" (a metal ornament) with a velvet chain. Wearing a sickle, Mongolian knife, tobacco pouch, tobacco pouch, white cloth hand, towel, etc. The Mongolian hat on the top of the head is mostly made of sheep lamb skin or fox skin. In winter, the sleeves are covered with sheepskin sleeves.
Belt is an indispensable part of Mongolian costume. Generally made of cotton cloth and satin, the length varies from three meters to four meters. Most of the colors are in harmony with the colors of robes. Plain belt can not only keep out the wind and cold, but also keep the ribs stable and vertical when riding the reins. It is also a beautiful dress. When a man wears a belt, he lifts his robe up, which is very short, convenient to ride, exquisite and beautiful. He also hung a Mongolian knife, a sickle and a tobacco pouch on his belt. Women, on the other hand, should pull down their robes when they wear their belts to show their beautiful figure.
Mongolian men and women wear soft leather boots. Leather boots are mostly high-grade and semi-high-grade. The difference between the styles of leather boots is also manifested in the toe, including roll type, semi-roll type and flat bottom type. The first volume is suitable for desert walking, the second volume is suitable for hay field, and the second volume is suitable for crossing wet grassland. Women's clothes are bright and beautiful. A single cloth robe or vest is inlaid with embroidered edges or gold and silver silk edges. Women's clothes are particularly particular, and there is a difference between a boudoir and a woman.